5. 5
SDC Study
由美國教育局於1972年委託系統發展公司調
查圖書館聯盟狀況
125個1931年後成立的圖書館聯盟之中,有超過
90%為1960年後成立的Library Automation
4類圖書館聯盟
以電腦化大量處理資料之技術為重點的大型圖書館聯盟
以讀者服務與日常業務處理為核心的小型圖書館聯盟
以特定主題領域為合作項目之有限目的聯盟
以館際互借與參考諮詢服務網路為核心之有限目的聯盟
Kopp, J. (1998), “Library consortia and information technology: the past,
the present, and the promise,” Information Technology and Libraries, 17 (1): 7-12
9. Reasons for Forming Consortia
9
(1980s~1990s)
Leverage resources by sharing existing
collections or resources through virtual union
catalogues
Reduce the cost of member library operations
by obtaining a group purchase price for
information products
Bring pressure to bear on information
providers, especially publishers, to reduce the
rate of rise in the cost of purchasing
information
Nfila, R. B. and Darko-Ampem, K. (2002), “Developments in academic library
consortia from the 1960s through to 2000: a review of the literature,”
Library Management, 23 (4/5): 203-212.
10. 數位圖書館時代的館際合作
Purchasing and negotiation for e-resource
licenses and services – CONCERT, 電子書供
給合作社, 台灣學術電子書聯盟
Consolidated/virtual union catalog and client
initiated ILL – NBINET, NDDS
Hardware/software/network infrastructure
(shared local/mirror sites) – NCTU, Academia
Sinica, UST…
Reciprocal borrowing – UST, NDDS…
Cooperative Digital Reference Service –
NCTU, NCL
Sharing of library systems – NCTU/NTHU (in
some sense)
10
11. 數位圖書館時代的館際合作(續)
Cooperative collection development
Special digitalized collection
Institutional Repository
Preservation and Archiving
Distance Learning
Continuing education
Open source software development
Offsite storage facility
11
18. 18
聯合數位參考服務
Cooperative Digital Reference Service, CDRS
Why CDRS?
Matching of patron queries to the most appropriate
expert (region, subject)
Cross-service archives of question and answers
Combine the power of local collections and staff
strengths with the diversity and availability of
libraries and librarians everywhere, 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week
Integrate physical and digital information – the
numerous Web-based answer services search
neither the vast non-digitized collections nor the
thousands of library online catalogs
20. 聯合數位參考服務 (Cont.)
Benefits of CDRS
Provide quality reference service – a reliable and
authoritative knowledge navigation service, a large
searchable archive of authoritative answers, and
increased visibility and support for libraries
everywhere
Quality support for education research, and the
promotion of productivity, commerce, and scientific
endeavor
Example: OCLC QuestionPoint, LSSI 24/7
20
31. MELVYL – Union Catalog of UC
31
Libraries
Ex Libris 與 University of California Libraries
所共同開發
適合用於大規模、異質性的聯合目錄
UC Libraries 的異質自動化系統包含 Aleph、
Innopac…
36. 36
主題資源指引的定義
Quality controlled information services with
the following characteristics
Provides links to numerous other sites or
documents on the Internet
Selection of resources in an intellectual process
according to published quality and scope criteria
Intellectually produced content descriptions, in the
spectrum between short annotation and review
Intellectually constructed browsing
structure/classification
At least partly, manually generated (bibliographic)
metadata for the individual resources
39. 主題資源指引的定義(續)
不同的名稱,相似的概念
Quality-controlled Subject Gateway
Information Gateway
Internet Subject Gateway
Information Portal
Knowledge Portal
Subject-based Information Gateway
39
40. Biz/ed – Business and Economics
40
Education on the Internet
http://www.bized.ac.uk/
51. 51
結語
需求主導館際合作的方向與發展
Cooperation ? Collaboration? ( 柯氏說文解字
)
Give and Take
Cooperation and Consortium Issues: Funding,
Governance Structure, Joint Ownership of
Assets…