Internet Governance beyond Institutions? Rethinking Rule-Making in the Digital
1. Re-Thinking Rule-Making in the Digital
Internet Governance beyond Institutions
1
Christian Katzenbach
!
Guest Lecture
University of Tampere
March 28, 2014
5. !5
Internet Governance: Common Definitions
„the development and application by governments, the private sector
and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms,
rules, decision-making procedures, and programs that shape the evolution
and use of the Internet“
WGIG 2005
„Common to all definitions
of governance is a notion of
steering.“
„Internet governance refers
generally to policy and technical
coordination issues related to the
exchange of information over the
Internet“ DeNArdis 2009 van eeten / Mueller 2013
Rule-Making as Steering
Intentionality
Subject vs. Object of Regulation
14. !12
Governance: Common Definitions
„governance refers to all
patterns of rule and explores the
construction of social order and
social coordination“
„sustaining co-ordination and
coherence among a wide variety of actors
with different purposes and objectives such
as political actors and institutions,
corporate interests, civil society, and
transnational organizations.’’Bevir 2009
„the regulatory structure as a whole,
i.e., the entirety of forms of rules that aim
to organize media systems
Rechtswissenschaft„the sum total of mechanisms,
both formal and informal, national and
supranational, centralized and dispersed,
that aim to organize media systems“
Pierre 2000
Freedman 2008 Puppis 2010
24. Governance with Sociological Neo-Insitutionalism
!20
Regulative Pillar
Institutions as sanction-based Regulations
!
Normative Pillar
Institutions as normative
Expectations
!
Cultural-Cognitive Pillar
Institutionen as cultural-cognitive Patterns
!
+ Material Dimension
Technological and Material
Manifestation of Institutions
26. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1
27. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2
28. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
29. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
30. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
‣ Technology as functional
equivalent!
‣ Durkheim‘s social facts!
‣ Hardened social action and
structured
31. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!21
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
‣ Technology as functional
equivalent!
‣ Durkheim‘s social facts!
‣ Hardened social action and
structured
‣ Technology is Society made
durable
35. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1
36. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2
37. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
38. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
39. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
‣ Technology as functional
equivalent!
‣ Durkheim‘s social facts!
‣ Hardened social action and
structured
40. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
‣ Technology as functional
equivalent!
‣ Durkheim‘s social facts!
‣ Hardened social action and
structured
‣ Technology is Society made
durable
41. Side-path: Technologies as Institutions?
!24
Impacts of Technology on social
behaviour and sectoral change
1 Political and Social Construction of
Technology
2‣ Technology in Use!
‣ Meaning and Usage are ascribed,
not determined!
‣ Domestication
‣ Technology Development!
‣ „Leitbilder“!
‣ Standardisation!
‣ Regulation
‣ Technology as functional
equivalent!
‣ Durkheim‘s social facts!
‣ Hardened social action and
structured
‣ Technology is Society made
durable
42. Governance with Sociological Neo-Insitutionalism
!25
Regulative Pillar
Institutions as sanction-based Regulations
!
Normative Pillar
Institutions as normative
Expectations
!
Cultural-Cognitive Pillar
Institutionen as cultural-cognitive Patterns
!
+ Material Dimension
Technological and Material
Manifestation of Institutions
43. Regulation (+ incl. Private ordering
!
!
(informal) Norms and Practises
!
Discourses and Framings
!
!
Governance and Technology
4 Research Perspectives
!26
Regulative Pillar
Institutions as sanction-based Regulations
!
Normative Pillar
Institutions as normative
Expectations
!
Cultural-Cognitive Pillar
Institutionen as cultural-cognitive Patterns
!
+ Material Dimension
Technological and Material
Manifestation of Institutions
44. !27
Illustrating the 4 Research Perspectives
!
Coordinating the Circulation of Cultural Goods
(the regulatory Field formerly known as Coypright)
45. Governance I: Regulation + Private
Ordering
!28
Lead Questions:
Which Actors establish which Rules with what
kind of Scope? How is Compliance monitored
and Deviation sanctioned? How are Rules
interpreted and adapted?
!
Empirical Account:
Establishment, Materialisation and Adaption of
Rules
!
Examples:
Copyight (International Contracts, national
Agreements), ToS of Digital Services and
Online Platforms, Google Books
46. Governance II: (informal) Norms and Practices
!29
Lead Questions:
With which normative expectations are
actors confronted, which ones are
internalized? How are these norms
establish and negotiated?
!
Empirical Account:
Beobachtung und Befragung von
Communities
!
Examples:
Sharing Practises on Platforms (Tumblr),
Darknet File-Sharing,
from low IP Regimes to complex Digital
Media?
47. Governance II: (informal) Norms and Practices
!29
Lead Questions:
With which normative expectations are
actors confronted, which ones are
internalized? How are these norms
establish and negotiated?
!
Empirical Account:
Beobachtung und Befragung von
Communities
!
Examples:
Sharing Practises on Platforms (Tumblr),
Darknet File-Sharing,
from low IP Regimes to complex Digital
Media?
48. Governance II: (informal) Norms and Practices
!29
Lead Questions:
With which normative expectations are
actors confronted, which ones are
internalized? How are these norms
establish and negotiated?
!
Empirical Account:
Beobachtung und Befragung von
Communities
!
Examples:
Sharing Practises on Platforms (Tumblr),
Darknet File-Sharing,
from low IP Regimes to complex Digital
Media?
49. Governance II: (informal) Norms and Practices
!29
Lead Questions:
With which normative expectations are
actors confronted, which ones are
internalized? How are these norms
establish and negotiated?
!
Empirical Account:
Beobachtung und Befragung von
Communities
!
Examples:
Sharing Practises on Platforms (Tumblr),
Darknet File-Sharing,
from low IP Regimes to complex Digital
Media?
50. Governance III: Discourses and Framings
!30
Lead Questions:
What is „taken for granted“? Construction
and Deconstruction of shared Frames and
Perspectives?
!
Empirical Accounts:
Discourse Analyses, Politisation, Issue
Formation, Frames
!
Examples:
Conflicts on „Intellectual Property“ Haunss); the
construction of „music piracy“(Denegri-Knott);
Imitation und Innovation in der Games-Branche
51. Governance IV: Governance and Technology
!31
Lead Questions:
In which way are Rules inscribed into
Technologie? How do Algorithms structure
and regulate our Communication
Routines?
!
Empirical Accounts:
Ethnograhies of Tinkering, Digital
Methods, User Interactions
!
Examples:
DRM in the Music and Publishing
Industry; YouTube’ Upload-Filtering
Google Search, Facebook Newsstream
52. Conclusion: Internet Governance as Coordination
!32
!
!
Rule-Making is not only about Steering
!
Rule-Making that does not only happen in Policy Organization
!
Complexity and Disarray of regulatory sources, sites and process
!
From Governance as Regulation to Governance as Coordination
!
» Internet Governance and Everyday Life
53. !33
!
!
Pictures
Bundestag: Times, CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia
Commons. URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg
DSDS, American Idol, Indian Idol: Pressematerial der Sender.
Instagram, iTunes: Eigene Screenshots der Websites.
Küche: Cornelius Jacobsen (Riksarkivet, National Archives of Norway. Archivnr: Pa1528_ua2_012. URL: http://
www.flickr.com/photos/national_archives_of_norway/6475926375/)
Laurel Hardy: Dougal McGuire CC-BY-SA 2.0. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tom-margie/1535543995/)
Christian Katzenbach
!
Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet
and Society
Berlin, Germany
katzenbach@hiig.de
Visit our Internet Policy Review under
http://policyreview.info !
for short-form papers on !
Internet Governance