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Food Insecurity Impacts Health
- 9. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Self-rated health ('Poor' or 'Fair')**** 7.8 14.4**** 21.0**** 36.6**** Males**** 7.7 14.2*** 20.6**** 40.7**** Females**** 7.9 14.6**** 21.2**** 33.5**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 10. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Self-rated mental health ('Poor' of 'Fair') **** 3.9 7.1 13.6 25.7 Males**** 3.8 7.0* 13.3**** 23.2**** Females**** 4.0 7.3*** 13.8**** 27.5**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 11. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Mood or anxiety disorder**** 8.9 16.1**** 22.5**** 34.8**** Males**** 6.5 11.5** 15.9*** 23.0*** Females**** 11.4 19.9**** 27.1**** 43.9**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 12. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Stress**** 23.7 28.3 34.6 48.4 Males**** 22.7 26.8** 32.9**** 48.3**** Females**** 24.8 29.5**** 35.9**** 48.4**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 13. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Migraines**** 10.9 16.5**** 19.2**** 25.0**** Males**** 6.4 9.8 11.5** 16.2*** Females**** 15.6 22.0**** 24.4**** 31.7**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 14. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Diabetes**** 4.1 4.5 6.0* 12.1*** Males**** 4.5 4.7 5.6 16.6** Females**** 3.6 4.3 6.2* 8.6* * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 15. Nutrition Services, Population and Public Health, Chronic Disease Management and Primary Care; Standards and Practice, AHS; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Diabetes, Hypertension and Cholesterol Centre
- 19. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Heart disease**** 2.4 2.8 3.1 8.1*** Males**** 2.8 3.0 3.4 10.4* Females**** 2.0 2.6 2.9 6.3*** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 20. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Obesity Males 18.3 15.6 16.6 20.4 Females**** 14.7 19.7*** 24.2**** 26.2*** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 21. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Bowel disorders**** 4.1 4.9* 6.4*** 9.4**** Males** 2.7 2.7 4.7 4.7 Females**** 5.5 6.7** 7.6*** 13.0**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 22. Health condition Food secure Marginal food insecurity Moderate food insecurity Severe food insecurity Oral health**** 11.9 22.3**** 28.2**** 40.9**** Males**** 14.1 25.9*** 33.4**** 45.3**** Females**** 9.7 19.3**** 24.6**** 37.6**** * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
- 30. Health Variable Hunger ever Persistent hunger Child health poor/fair @10-15 yrs ↑↑ OR 1.7 ↑↑ OR 4.7 Youth health poor/fair @ 16-21 yrs Chronic health Condition Youth ↑↑ OR 3.4 Asthma All girls↑↑ OR 2.2 Youth ↑↑ OR 6.1
Editor's Notes
- 3 X higher than the Alberta prevalence rate 2.5 times higher than the national prevalence rate At the level of moderate food insecurity the quality of the diet and the quantity of food consumed is reported to be impacted. This is of particular concern for this population because nutrition is a key component of the management of diabetes. Food insecurity is closely linked to poverty Low income – more than half of Canadians in the lowest income group are food insecure Some households are at greater risk than others. Lone parent families headed by women Aboriginal people living off-reserve Those who don’t own their home Those receiving social assistance as their key source of income. This is of particular concern in Alberta.
- A situation of severe food insecurity unequivocally has implications for the ability of this population to follow a recommended pattern of healthy eating necessary for effective management of diabetes. Severe food insecurity can be expected to place this population at risk for poor disease control and at risk for adverse health episodes such as hypoglycemic incidents. We really had not expected to see these results