TOPIC
LESSON 5:
RYAN JAVIER CUMBE
3 & 4

TOPIC 3
CHALLENGES
OF
MILLENNIALS
AND
FILINNIALS

MILLENNIALS
also known as ‘Generation Y’ or the Net Generation’
1970s to early 1980s as starting birthyears and mild
1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.

Seven Basic
Traits of
Millennials
• Special
• Centered
• Confident
• Team Oriented
• Conventional
• Pressured
• Achieving

CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLENIALS
• Values meaningful motivation
• challenges of heirarchy status quo
• places importance on relationship with
superiors
• intuitive knowledge of technology
• open and adaptive to change
• places importance in tasks rather than time
• passion for learning
• openly receptive to feedback and recognition
• free-thinking and creative
• values social interactions in the workplace

VALUES MEANINGFUL MOTIVATION
They may be characterized as being motivated by creative work,
shraing their gifts and making an impact on others and making an impact
on others and within their communities. Oftentimes, these intrinsic
motvators can be seen in a millennial’s approach to their careers. Many
can frequently be found working towards helping others, imparting
inspiration or working to improve on a community or worl wide issue.
Additional, many millenials aim for goals thatoffer ways to further
their meaningful work rather than monetary gains. While this generation’s
professional drive often helps them advance in their careers, many seem
to do so for reasons other than a salary increase or monetary bonuses.

CHALLENGES THE
HIERARCHY STATUS-QUO
Millennials are known for their resolve in sharing thei opininons
and ideas, as well as challenging thier superiors when they feel it is
warranted. While this trait can seem as though millenials share
contempt for authority on the whole, this characteristic actually comes
from the idea that what is best for the company results from active
listneing, collaboration and consideting all points as well.
Additional, this generation seems to truly believe that approaches
such as these are more beneficial to the workplace than merely
following orders passed down from the top of the professional hierarchy.

PLACE IMPORTANCE ON
RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERIORS
More and more frequently, millennials have shown
that when it comes to their careersm they prefer a
supervisor or manager than they can connect to as a
mentor. This generation has made a point to get
comfortable working with their superiors and asking for
advice and counsel about their career development. In
addition to receiving advice and feedback, millennials place
importance on building rapport as well as pathways for
frequent communication with their managers.

As many millennials grew from childhood to
adulthood, they witnessed the expansive growth of
technology. WIth that growth, millennials seem to have
developed the ability to quickly adapt and change
according to new and more modernized technology as
it becomes available. Smartphones, virtual reality,
interactive software and even artificial intelligence may
continue to see the millennial generation adding to its
development. In fact, the millenial generation may even
be the first generation to be fully globalized online
during adolescence and early adulthood.
INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE
OF TECHNOLOGY

OPEN AND
ADAPTIVE TO CHANGE
Not only are millenials described as adaptive to
change, but many also embrace it. Oftentimes, this
generation has been one of ushering in changes, in
business, technology and economy/ Most seem to
recognize that these industries are constantly
changing and that the methods of working within the
modern-day career filed must change with them. Being
adaptive to the continuously changing atmosphere
they live in also allows this generation to advance in
and take on a variety of roles.

PLACES IMPORTANCE ON TASKS
RATHER THAN TIME
Millennials seem to be very task-oriented rather
than time-oriented. This can appear in the form of
productivity with producing results, as well as placing a
higher priority on the qaulity of a product, deliverable or
otherwise task-related output. This generation places
importance on working toward producing rather than
being concerned with how many hours they can put ina
job. MOre often, millennials may want to be flexible in
their schedules, working outside of a traditional “9 to 5”
career so they amy use more of their personal time to
pursue things outside of work.

PASSION FOR LEARNING
Not only are millennials open to change and adaptive,
but they also seem to possess an extraordinary passion for
learning new things. This generation exhibits deep curiosity
about the world and displays the desire to further develop
skills and knowledge that can help them within their
professional lives. Furthermore, millennials seem to
understand the importance of setting and achieving goals,
both for personal growth and their careers.

OPENLY RECEPTIVE TO
FEEDBACK AND RECOGNITION
Rather than waiting to be reviewed on a biannual or annual basis,
millennials also appreciate feedback. This generation values input,
advice and mentorship from their managers and they seem to be
extremely receptive to continuous feedback on a weekly or daily basis.
Futhermore, performance management and development can often be
priorities for Generation Y, resulting in the need to hear from their
supervisors about how they are performing in their jobs.
Additionally, this generation seems to thrive off of oepn
recognition, so positive praise in the workplace is something that can
benefit their motivaton. Millennials generally appreciate knowing that
what they are doing is making a difference and that their talent are
valued.

FREE-THINKING AND CREATIVE
It could be from the vast availability of technological
mediums, or the fact that millenials grew up during the
time of transition from conventional methods to
modernized and technologically advanced ways of
working. Because of this innovation, millennials may tend
to be more native in their thinking. If problems arise in the
workplace, millennials typically have the ability to come
up with creative solutions to fix them.

VALUES TEAMWORK AND
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE
WORKPLACE
This generation also places a great degree of importance on
working within a team environment. Collaboration on projects, problem-
solving with different points of view and creating new and innovatice
approaches to working in their fields may be cooperative endeavors that
millennials undertake while working on a team.
In addition to productivity and quality results on their teams, it may
seem that many millennials also deisre a social atmosphere in the
workplace. Qualities like fun, relaxed and comfortable can be used to
describe most millennials’ idea of a fitting and optimal workplace.

Tips for highlighting your millennial characteristics
ON A RESUME
Consider highlighting your accomplishments in
past roles where you relied on your adaptibility,
creative problem-solving or expert technical skills. Be
sure to include a quantifiable result that you played a
reole in producing to allow employers to see how your
past performance or productivity may beefit their
organization.

IN A COVER LETTER
After your initial introductory paragraph to a potential
employer, you might include a section to describe how
your characteristics can benefit their compay, as well as
relating your traits to required skills outlined in the job
description. Additionally, you can relate your core
strengths to how you can see yourself providing spcific
results for their business.
Tips for highlighting your millennial characteristics

Tips for highlighting your millennial characteristics
DURING AN INTERVIEW
You might consider focusing on a few key traits that
specifically apply to general interview questions, such as “What
are your strengths?” and “Why do you want to work ehre?” For
example, if a candidate is interviewinfg for a role in digital
marking, they might describe how their natural curiosity and
motivation for learning new skills helped them develop an
innovative approach to building a new content management
system for their pasr employer.

FILINNIALS
term to use to denote the
Filipino Millennials
They are called as “selfie
generation”, being generally
characterized as social media
dependent. They are massive
multi-taskers, and are
constantly connected to their
handheld devices.

TOP 10 TRAITS OF A TYPICAL FILINNIAL
 They value authenticity
 They want to be rewd for their loyalty
They favor word-of-mouth recommendation
They are Tech-savvy
They will pay for experience
They are socially conscious
They carefully consider prices
They love good content
They have a selective attention span
They go at their own pace

INTEREST OF
FILINNIALS
Existing literature on the Millennisl Generation
in the Philippines is still VERY LIMITED. In fact,
there hasn’t been any extensive research
conducted in order to study and come up with a
general cultural description of the Filipino
millennials. Nonetheless, there have been
some articles and studies published which are
intended to provide a general description of the
characteristics of the Filipino millennials.

THEY VALUE AUTHENTICITY
Hard selling your brand and product is about the best
way to lose a Filennial customer. They avoid brands that
scream how great an item is or how a product is such a
steal. Filennials want to make the purchasing decision
themselves and they want authenticity from brands

THEY WANT TO BE REWARDED FOR
THEIR LOYALTY
Older generations are loyal to brands for the sake of loyaty but
this is not the case for millennials. Filennials want to make sure that the
brands they are loyal to are also loyal to them.
Eighty per cent of millennials subscribe to loyalty program and
55% said some kind reward card would keep them engaged with the
brand. They also prefer digital rewards more than boomers, with 66%
saying that they are more likely to shop from the store where they are
part of loyalty program.

THEY ARE TECH-SAVVY
Millennials spend 5 to 10 hours a day consumin numerous
online content-and that’s a mode estimate. As digital natives, they
are a highly mobile generation who rely on technology to help them
perform their jobs better. With smartphones, laptops, tablets and
other gadgets, millennials are often plugged in and online-ready for
communication, shopping, entertainment, and everything in-
between.
Millennials don’t just love consuming content but also sharing
it within their circles. Whether it’s eating, drinking out ot watching
films, they like documenting their experiences and letting other

Millennials want to experience life the best way
possible with their friends and they are willing to pay for
it. They like travelling and even view it as a necessity
rather than a luxury. They would rather attend the
actual concert than to buy the band’s merchandise.
They alwas crave new advenrures and discoveries and
want to put thrill in the mundanity of every day.
THEY WILL PAY FOR EXPERIENCE

For 76% of millennials, it is important that the
brands and stores they purchase froma re doing
some good for the local community. Furthermore,
44% of millennial parents claim to stop only from
brands that reflects their social and/or poliical values.
THEY ARE SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS

According to Goldman Sachs, 57% of millennials
compare prices in stores. That doesn’t mean they won’t
consider buying more expensive goods, though. Your
brand can bea pricier option and millennials will still
make the purchase, as long as they are confident in the
quality of y our product. Consistently good quality is
one of the factors that make millennials loyal to a
brand.
THEY CAREFULLY CONSIDER PRICE

THEY LOVE GOOD CONTENT
Fillinnials like witty and thought-provoking content. They
are just a likely to share a branded post as they are to share a
photo from a friens. They just have to find in it a story they can
relate to or even simply find funny.
Just take a look at the hugot culture that has been making
its rounds in brands, who utilize heart-breaking but humorous
one-liners to connect easier and better with their markets.

In a study conducted by Kelton Research
millennial business professional reported that they
had increased attention span. However, they
became more selective in the content to consume,
millennials consider a solid narrative and the story
behind the content. Video and animated visuals
also help in keeping them engaged.
THEY HAVE A SELECTIVE
ATTENTION SPAN

THEY GOT AT THEIR OWN PACE
Millennials live by their own terms. They solve problems
and make decisions through processes thye made for
themselves, and don’t like anything that hinders their creativity.
Millennials lovce their individuality. Brands can knock on
this creative sensibility through personalised or out-of-the-box
ads with a powerful, socially relevant message that amkes it
easy to forget thay’re ads in the first place.

MILLENNIALS VS FILINNIALS
“All Filinnials are
millennials, but not all
millennials are Filinnnials.”

Challenges of Millennials
&
Filinnials
 Racism
 Economy
 Older Generation
 Unemployment/Jobs
 Drugs
 Student Debt
 Climate Change
 Social Media/Technology
Addiction
 Environment

TOPIC 4
THE
RELIGIOUS
RESPONSE

A religion is a tradition and practice based on a
conception of what is real and significant (God, Allah, the
Tao, Brahman, etc.), and the belief that sin, vice,
disillusionment, and illusion may be overcome by grace,
meditation, practices, and living in harmony, unity, or wise
concord with what is real and significant. A Christian
ethic, for example, may be informed by Jesus’ radical
teaching about loving one’s neighbour, being a good
Samaritan, loving one’s enemies, and the like.
RELIGION

The Christian Worldview
Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam

SOCRATES’ QUESTION
• It’s helpful to begin by contrasting the
Christian and the atheistic world
views.
• In order to answer the question of
how reason and religion are related,
let’s begin with Socrates’ question to
Euthyphro.
• Then we will consider some positions
on the relationship between religion
and ethics.

GOD’S RELATIONSHIP TO THE WORLD

GOD’S INTERACTION
WITH THE WORLD
•In this view, God interacts with the world in several
ways:
• God creates the world
• God is in contact interaction with the world
• God’s creative act (esse) continually sustains the world in
its existence
• God gives the world a final purpose or goal or telos
toward which it strives

UNITY, PURPOSE, AND VALUE
As a result of these interactions, the world has:
• Unity
• This is a single world with structure
• Purpose
• Beings on earth have a goal or purpose ordained by
God
• Value
• The world is good because:
• It comes from God, who is all good
• It is aiming toward God, who can only establish good
purposes

THE ATHEISTIC WORLDVIEW
For Bertrand Russell,
existence has no unity, no
value, and no purpose in the
Christian sense of these
terms.

“A FREE MAN’S WORSHIP”
• “That Man is the product of causes which had no prevision of the end they were achieving;
• “That his origin, his growth, his hopes and fears, his loves and his beliefs, are but the outcome of
accidental collocations of atoms;
• “That no fire, no heroism, no intensity of thought and feeling, can preserve an individual life beyond
the grave,
• “That all the labors of the ages, all the devotion, all the inspiration, all the noonday brightness of
human genius, are all destined to extinction in the vast death of the solar system,
• “And that the whole temple of Man’s achievement must inevitably be buried beneath the debris of a
universe in ruins
• “--all these things, if not quite beyond dispute, are yet so nearly certain, that no philosophy which
rejects them can hope to stand.
• “Only within the scaffolding of these truths, only on the firm foundation of unyielding despair, can the
soul’s habitation henceforth be safely built.”

THE CONTRAST
The contrast between these two
worldview could not be
sharper.
• No place for preordained
purposes in Russell’s view
• No goodness inherent in the
world for him
• No privileged place for humanity
within his view

IMPLICATIONS FOR ETHICS
• The implications of these differences for
ethics are profound
• No ultimate purpose for humanity
• No ultimate reward or punishment
• Nietzsche's question: if God is dead, is everything
permitted?
• No guarantee that nature is good or bad
• “Unnatural” becomes a purely descriptive term
• Now let’s expand the discussion beyond
Christianity.

THE DIVERSITY OF RELIGIOUS
TRADITIONS: CENTRAL THEMES
•Navajo
•An Ethic of Harmony
•Islam
•An Ethic of Law
•Buddhism
•An Ethic of Compassion

THE DIVERSITY OF RELIGIOUS
TRADITIONS: GOD AND WORLD
•Navajo
•A plurality of gods, not necessarily in
agreement with one another
•Islam
•One God
•Buddhism
•No personal God

OVERVIEW
Theme God
Navajo Harmony Many gods
Islam Law One God
Buddhism Compassion No personal God
Christianity Love One God

THE NAVAJO RELIGION

THE NAVAJO HOLY WIND
• Tradition and Society
• Oriented toward how Navajo treat
one another
• Small society
• Practical, not theoretical
• Dualisms and Antagonisms
• No Western mind-body split
• Don’t choose one side of the dualism
The Mountain Chant: Great Plumed Arrows Sequence

NAVAJO MEDICINE
• Western view
• mind/body split (Descartes)
• heal the body
• Stamp out
disease
• Navajo view
• Mind and body together
• Heal the whole person
• Seek harmony

EVIL
•Western attitude:
•stomp it out
•Navajo
•Evil is a part of life; it just “is”
•Avoid it instead of eliminate it

HOZHO
• Hozho
• harmony, beauty, peace of mind,
goodness, health, well-being or
success
• Morality guides an individual
back into a state of harmony with
all that surrounds the individual
Nightway Chant: Whirling Logs

•Three levels to harmonize:
• natural
• human
• supernatural
•Create harmony rather than domination
• Example: moving to higher ground rather than
building a dam
• Respecting the rattlesnake
HOZHO

THE HOLY WIND
• The wind is both:
• physical (we feel it on our faces);
• ephemeral (we cannot see it).
• The wind is both:
• one
• many
• The wind comes from the four principal directions,
the four mountains
• Is local

THE MESSENGER WIND
•Acts like Christian conscience
•Swirls around an individual through a
hidden point in the ear
•Warns individuals of impending
disruptions of hozho
•Does not punish

ISLAM

THE ISLAMIC SHARI’AH
•Rejects traditional Western distinctions
between
•Church and state
•Religion and ethics
•Islam: “surrender to the will of God”
•Concerned with all behavior

THE THREE CANONICAL ELEMENTS
•belief or faith
•imam
•practice or action
•islam
•virtue
•ihsan

DIVINE COMMAND
•“What should I do?” = “What is Allah’s will?”
•“What is right” = “What Allah wills”
•The will of Allah is embodies in Shari’ah,
divine Islamic law
•Note primacy of the will

•Covers all areas of human behavior
•Tells what is:
•required
•recommended
•permitted
•discouraged
•forbidden
SHARI’AH

SHARI’AH
•Two areas of law:
•How Muslims act toward God
• Described in the Five Pillars
•How Muslims act toward other
human beings
• Describes in civil law

THE FIVE PILLARS
• Shahadah: the profession of faith that “there is no god but God (Allah) and that
Mohammed is the Messenger of God;”
• Salah: ritual prayer and ablutions, undertaken five times a day while facing the
holy city of Mecca;
• Zakah: the obligatory giving of alms (at an annual rate of approximately 2.5%
of one’s net worth) to the poor to alleviate suffering and promote the spread of
Islam;
• Saum: ritual fasting and abstinence from sexual intercourse and smoking,
especially the obligatory month-long fast from sun-up to sun-down during the
month of Ramadan to commemorate the first revelations to Mohammed;
• Hajj: a ritual pilgrimage, especially the journey to Mecca which traditionally
occurs in the month after Ramadan and which Muslims should undertake at
least once in a lifetime.

VIRTUE
•Ihsan, or virtue
•worshipping God
•Strictly religious
•pursuing an aim
•Similar to Aristotle

ULAMA
• The Ulama, or clergy, give the
definitive interpretation of Allah’s will
• No separation between church and
state
• The Ulama also have an executive role
in implementing Allah’s will

JIHAD
•Literally means “striving”
•Focus on resisting, overcoming evil
•Greater Jihad:
• focus on internal striving
•Lesser Jihad
• focus on external striving

MODERATE &
FUNDAMENTALIST FACTORS
•Islam, like many religions, has various factions.
•Fundamentalist factions see little room for
compromise with other religions
• Leads to attacks against others, including attacks
against the United States and against Hindus
•Moderate factions see Islam as coexisting with
other major religions.

BUDDHISM

BUDDHISM
• An Ethic of Compassion for all
• An Ethic of renunciation for monks
• An Ethic of reincarnation for lay persons

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
•The Four Noble Truths deal with
• The inevitability of suffering
• The sources of suffering
• The elimination of suffering
• The paths to the elimination of
suffering

TWO WAYS OF REDUCING SUFFERING
•Suffering arises from a discrepancy between
desire and actuality
•change the actual world--Western technology
•change the desire, extinguish the individual self--
Buddhism

REINCARNATION
•Personal self moves through the wheel of
existence like a flame being passed from one
candle to another
•Karma: each individual action helps to set
free or bind us to the personal self
•Moral commandments are generated by
demands of karma

THE EIGHT-FOLD PATH
• right views; Wisdom Prajna
• right intention; Wisdom Prajna
• right speech; Wisdom Prajna
• right action; Morality Sila
• right livelihood; Morality Sila
• right effort; Morality Sila
• right mindfulness Concentration Samadhi
• right concentration Concentration Samadhi

COMPASSION
•Theravada Buddhism stresses an ethic of self-
renunciation, self-purification, detachment
•Mahayana Buddhism stresses an ethics of
compassion for all living things

OVERVIEW
Christianity Navajo Islam Buddhism
Ideal Love Harmony Law Compassion
View of
God
One God,
Three
Persons
Many Gods One God No personal/
individual
God

ETHICS
It could be from the vast availability of technological
mediums, or the fact that millenials grew up during the
time of transition from conventional methods to
modernized and technologically advanced ways of
working. Because of this innovation, millennials may tend
to be more native in their thinking. If problems arise in the
workplace, millennials typically have the ability to come
up with creative solutions to fix them.

PRACTICAL ETHICS
•Basic premise: life is very, very dangerous
•Maxims:
• “Maintain orderliness [i.e., harmony] in those sectors of
life which are little subject to human control;”
• “Be wary of non-relatives;”
• “Avoid excesses;”
• “When in a new situation, do nothing;”
• “Escape.”

THE ROLE OF RITUALS
•Rituals are intended to reestablish or insure
hozho, harmony
•The Blessingway is one of the ceremonies
performed to reestablish harmony when
there has been a disruption

AN ETHIC OF HARMONY
Ultimately, the Navajo way
suggests an ethics of
harmony among the natural,
human, and supernatural
world.

Ethics are universal decision-making tools that
may be used by a person on any religious
persuasion, including atheists. While religion
makes claims about cosmology, social behaviour,
and the “proper” treatment of others, etc. Ethics are
based on logic and reason rather than tradition or
injunction.
ETHICS VS RELIGION

SIMILARITY BETWEEN ETHICS AND RELIGION
They are often treated the same, with
various religions making claims about their
belief systems being the best way for people to
live, actively proselytizing and trying to convert
unbelievers, trying to legislate public behavior
based around isolated religious passages, etc.