This document discusses the creation of a knowledge graph for Irish history called the Beyond 2022 Knowledge Graph. It describes knowledge graphs and how the Beyond 2022 graph was constructed using open standards like RDF to link information. The graph was generated from spreadsheets about Irish financial records using tools like CSVW, R2RML, and SHACL. The knowledge graph deals with conflicting information by using containers, versioning, and provenance. Tools like Ontodia and YASGUI allow exploring and querying the knowledge graph.

1. Hidden among the data
The Beyond 2022 Knowledge Graph for Irish History
Dr Christophe Debruyne
Dr Lynn Kilgallon
Image: https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2016/01/04/special-report-digital-humanities-libraries/

2. Knowledge Graphs
A knowledge graph (KG) is a set of interconnected typed
entities and their attributes and relationships. The types
and relations are provided by vocabularies.
We use the Resource Description Framework (RDF),
allowing us to link our information with information outside
the system ~ Linked Data.
The advantage of using open Web standards is the
availability of existing tooling (e.g., Ontodia).
https://github.com/metaphacts/ontodia

3. Examples
Clarifications
Definitions
Computer
Scientists 🔄 Historians
Formalization
Demos (videos)
Questions
Guidelines
A multidisciplinary approach to KG construction
Sources Spreadsheets KG generation KG organization Applications
VocabulariesKG Creation Pipeline

4. P. Connolly (ed), Irish Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446 (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1998)

5. From printed index to spreadsheet

6. Generating a meaningful Knowledge Graph
Vocabularies: CIDOC-CRM, PROV-O, and the Beyond 2022
ontology.
KG Generation Process:
1. Check spreadsheets (input) for mistakes with CSVW
2. Use R2RML to map spreadsheets to RDF
3. Use SHACL to look for errors in the RDF (output); both
“locally” and “globally”
4. Store the RDF
The whole process is driven by W3C Recommendations,
facilitating sustainability.
... Office ...
... treasurer of Ireland ...

7. Knowledge organization in the Beyond 2022 KG
Factoids are gathered from different sources, by with different techniques, with different
theories, and even by humans and computers alike.
How can we deal with seemingly conflicting factoids?
● “Containers” of factoids
● Versioning
● Provenance
Allow consumers to engage with the KG as a whole, or allow them to choose which
containers to avail of.

8. Exploring
the KG
with
Ontodia

9. Contextualizing with place
YasGUI – a free to use query interface that
“understands” some of the ontologies we
adopted.
Display castles and the offices, ranks, and
statuses related to them.
The maps are telling; Dublin Castle held the
exchequer next to other works.

11. References to tools
Pavlov, D., Emelyanov, Y., Mouromtsev, D., Morozov, A., Razdyakonov, D.: The Simple Web-based Tool
for Visualization and Sharing of Semantic Data and Ontologies. In International Semantic Web
Conference 2015 Posters and Demos. CEUR-WS. https://github.com/metaphacts/ontodia
Rietveld, L., & Hoekstra, R. (2013, May). YASGUI: not just another SPARQL client. In Extended Semantic
Web Conference (pp. 78-86). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://yasgui.triply.cc/