Document discusses fasting and religious terminology

vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt  1
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ِ‫ﺕ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ِـ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ِ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ِﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻥ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ِ ‫ﹶ‬    ِ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﹶ‬ ِ   ِ ِ ِ ‫ﹸ‬  ِ  ِ      ِ    ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ِ‫ﻩ‬ِ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ  ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ُ ِِ     ِ   ‫ﹶ‬Xِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ِ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬ِ  ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ِ  ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﱠ‬
‫ﹸﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻳ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬     ‫ﹰ‬    ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬    ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ِ ‫ﹶ‬    ُ.®$pκš‰r'¯≈tƒâ¨$¨Ζ9$#(#θà)¨?$#ãΝä3−/u‘
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zf©mf hf`l, nrDr ltDtsj dHdÙ jsv vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt iansÌ
hù dtJf isV ˆhQ hÙÁxkf ðsb W jsv msb msb dbsu djYc dtJfv siavBf ufso. rj
susb kf si]ZsY slWqfv lfdqk¶ iaskAj mcndtsmv. snƒ kfjDslƒ ˆhQ dhswN jsv
zft-mfumfzfr lfWqfk zdIsnv dhswN …{nfsr zfdm ˆ dhNsq dtJsk ðv¢ jdv
zfvhDsk. jKf zfsY ˆ hƒ zbCdlk rsh dhdHâ HfNfq. zfïfr spb snƒ kWIDj slb.
zfmDb.
lDOG dkb hYv pfh{ zfvhDv sti mcsVf dlsq Ocdmsq Kfjfv iv ˆ[sB kfsj ufdosq
hfQtfv sthfn ivfƒ zfmfv öHfND hfMftD Hfƒ-shfbslv ubA. svfpfv W vmpfsbv mk
ˆjde mrfb …{nfr W …ÜDibf kKf zfb¦l-mcJv smZnmsj dOsv sp njt ufbf W
mfbfv jKf ˆsk idvshdwk rsqsY, zfwf jdv kf njt mcndtsmv ufbf iasqfub.
rqskf hf bkcb jKf djYc bq, ksh zsbj jKf ufbfv zfsY, mfbfv zfsY. pdlW hƒdev
jsthv hxr{, khcW zfdm msb jdv sp, sjfb jKf idvkAfuA bq, ziafndÌj bq. zfwf
jdv ifEj mfÛ ztnkf jfdesq hfvhfv isV sbshb; dhswN jsv vmpfsbv smZnsm.
klbcv™i pdl mnduslv ƒmfm nfsrhoB sjfb ˆj bfmfspv iv -dhswN jsv vmpfb
mfsn- ufmfzfksj isV swfbfb, kfrst hV …ijfv nfdLk rsh hst zfwf jdv.
pf djYc dtdJ zfïfr skfmfv n§Âdóv ubAƒ. kcdm ˆƒ hƒdesj jhct jsvf ˆhQ ˆƒ
zfmstv znDtfq stJj, iajfwj, iayfvj W ifEjsj zfsJvfsk shsrsñv hfnf dlW.
zfïfù©mf zfmDb.
dhbDk }
zfèct rfmDl IfƒpD
zft-mfumfzfr, n†lD zfvh
10ƒ mrvGm, zfwCvf 1424 dr}
13/3/2003 Jx}

vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt 2
iaKm zLAfq
dddnnnqqqfffmmm wwwsssèèèvvv kkkfff{{{iiipppGGG
zdHLfsb ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻡ‬ (dnqfm)ˆv nfLfvB zKG rt, dhvk Kfjf. zfv ˆ ubAƒ jKf htf sKsj
sp dhvk Kfsj -zKGf{ yci W db²Àé Kfsj kfsj ‫ﺻـﺎﺋﻢ‬ (nfsqm) htf rq. mrfb zfïfr
rpvk mfvqAfm (zf})ˆv ƒdkrfn …sïJ jsv hstb,
®$¨ΒÎ*sù¨⎦É⎪us?z⎯ÏΒÎ|³u;ø9$##Y‰tnr&þ’Í<θà)sù’ÏoΤÎ)ßNö‘x‹tΡÇ⎯≈uΗ÷q§=Ï9$YΒöθ|¹ô⎯n=sùzΝÏk=Ÿ2é&uΘöθu‹ø9$#$w‹Å¡ΣÎ)∩⊄∉∪〈
zKGf{, (n§Àfb HCdmô jvfv iv) pdl kcdm jf…sj (sjfb iaw´ hf SjdIqk jvsk)
slJ, ksh kcdm ht, `zfdm lqfmq (zfïfrv) ubA (jKf htf sKsj) dhvk Kfjfv bpv
smsbdY. nckvfQ zfu zfdm djYcskƒ sjfb mfbcsNv nfsK jKfƒ hth bf.' (jc} 19/26)
htf hfùtA, ˆJfsb `nWm'-ˆv zKG rt jKf htf sKsj dhvk Kfjf.
wvDqskv idvHfNfq `nWm' hf `dnqfm'-ˆv zKG rt, Iuv …lq sKsj nCpGf²À ipG§À
ifbfrfv, ²ÃD-nÌm ƒkAfdl pfhkDq svfpf bójfvD jmG rsk dhvk Kfjfv mfLAsm zfïfrv
ƒhflk jvf. (mcm} 6/310, kfp} 9ix})
zhwA ˆƒ nQÎfq znfvkf W zw½Dtkf sKsj dhvk KfjfW wfdmt vsqsY. jfvB, diaq
bhD  hstb, ªsjht ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfmƒ dnqfm bq; hvQ znfvkf W
zw½Dtkf sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfmƒ rt (zfnt) dnqfm. nckvfQ pdl skfmfsj sj…
oftfofdt jsv zKhf skfmfv iadk mCJGfdm ialwGb jsv, kfrst kcdm (kfv iadkswfL bf
dbsq) kfsj ht sp, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfdm svfpf svsJdY.« (rf}, hf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nuf} 5376bQ)
`svfpf' zfdHLfdbj zsKG dnqfsmv nmfKGshfLj bf rstW ifdvHfdNj zsKG IfvnD, …lGc,
dr¦lD W hfQtf HfNfq dnqfsmv ufqofq `svfpf' wède hAhrfv rq hstƒ nfLfvB
ubnfLfvsBv hcUfv ncdhLfsKG zfdmW ˆƒ icd²Àjfq svfpf wèƒ iasqfo jsvdY. zfv ˆ
hAhrfsv wvDqkok sjfb [dk sbƒ.
iiiCCChhhGGGhhhkkkGGGDDD LLLmmmGGGmmmssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff
mfbcsNv ubA vmpfsbv svfpfƒ iaKm svfpf bq. jfvB, svfpf rt ˆmb ƒhflk, pf
zfïfr kfzftf mfbcN nxdóv iv sKsjƒ dbsuv hf¦lfv ubA Ivp jsvsYb. dkdb jcvzfb
mfuDsl hstb,
®$yγ•ƒr'¯≈tƒt⎦⎪Ï%©!$#(#θãΖtΒ#u™|=ÏGä.ãΝà6ø‹n=tæãΠ$u‹Å_Á9$#$yϑx.|=ÏGä.’n?tãš⎥⎪Ï%©!$#⎯ÏΒöΝà6Ï=ö7s%öΝä3¯=yès9tβθà)−Gs?∩⊇∇⊂∪〈
zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD
…©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv. (jc} 2/183)
ˆ sKsj hcUf pfq sp, iChGhkGD njt …©mskv ubA svfpf Ivp dYt. zhwA ƒntfm,
dJaófb W ƒqfùlD LsmGv iCshGv LmGfhtìD mfbcNvf djHfsh sjfbX iÝdksk svfpf iftb

jvk, kf dbdlGóv™si ufbf pfq bf. ksh ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf dbdlGó nmsq dbdlGó dudbn
sKsj dhvk sKsj svfpf iftb jvk. kfWvfk W ƒÓDstv hkGmfb nQõfvÈstf sKsjW
ufbf pfq sp, zfïfr kfzftf svfpfsj k]fv iChGhkGD hf¦lfslv …iv Ivp jsvdYstb.
hcJfvD-mcndtsmv ˆjde rflDsn ifWqf pfq sp, mrfbhD  pJb mÄf sKsj druvk
jsv mlDbfq ˆstb, kJb slJstb, ƒqfùlDvf zfwCvfv dlsb svfpf iftb jvsY. dkdb
kfslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, ªˆef dj ˆmb dlb sp, skfmvf ˆ dlsb svfpf vfJY?«
ƒqfùlDvf htt, `ˆ ˆj mrfb dlb. ˆ dlsb zfïfr mCnf W k]fv jWmsj idvÛfB
dlsqdYstb ˆhQ dIvzf†b W kfv jWmsj ifdbsk Fcdhsq L¶Qn jsvdYstb. kfƒ mCnf
ˆvƒ jxkÎkf Îfisbv …sÜswA ˆƒ dlsb svfpf iftb jsvdYstb. zfv snƒ ubAƒ
zfmvfW ˆ dlsb svfpf svsJ Kfdj.'
ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD  htstb, ªmCnfv n¹xdk iftb jvfv hAfifsv skfmfslv yfƒsk
zfmvf zdLj rjlfv.« nckvfQ dkdb ‰ dlsb svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj svfpf vfJsk
zfslw dlstb. (hc} 2004, mc} 1130bQ)
zhwA zfrst djkfh (ƒqfùlD-dJaófb) W mcndtmslv svfpfv mfsU ˆjde ifKGjA ˆƒ
sp, zfrst djkfhvf snrvD (1
) Jfq bf. dj§Â mcndtmvf Jfq. (mc} 1096bQ)
klbcv™i zfrst djkfhvf ƒIkfv jvsk slvD jsv. i[f§Àsv mcndtmvf nCpG
sFfhfmfÛ kdVOdV ƒIkfv jsv Kfsj. (zflf}, rf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 7689bQ)
ƒbnfƒsj½fsidFqf hxefdbjfsk htf rsqsY sp, ut, hfqc, ufdk, LmG W ifdvifdw¶Gjkf
sHsl svfufv dbqm-iÝdk dhdHâ rƒstW ˆmb sjfb LsmGv bfm …sïJ jvf jdEb pfrfv
LmGDq dhLfsb svfpfv zfhwAjkf öDjfv jvf rq bfƒ. (hfQtf dmwjfk, ˆmlfdlqf tfƒshavD
Yfif 4/264 û})
pfƒ srfj bf sjb, ˆƒ Jhsvv mfsU mcndtmslv ubA vsqsY nf§À¶bf W zfw¶fn. jfvB,
ðLc …©msk mcrf©mflDv …isvƒ bq; hvQ iChGhkGD njt …©mskv …isvƒ svfpf Ivp
dYt. zfv sn msb jsvƒ mcndtmslv …isvW svfpfv Hfv zsbj rfîf rsq pfq. jfvB,
mcndtm pJb ufbsk ifsv sp, ˆƒ svfpf vfJfv iK rt iChGhkGD zfdìqf W k]fslv
zbcofmD sbj stfjslv, kJb sn ˆƒ iK zhtìb jsv zfb¦lshfL jsv ˆhQ svfpfv
sjfb jósjƒ sn dbsuv ubA HfvD msb jsv bf. (lcvf} 5ix})
(١
) snrvD jKfde nfrfvDv ziëQw. ˆde ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺫ‬ . snrvD wède …lcG zdHLfsb
ifWqf pfq, dj§Â nfrfvD wède sjfb zdHLfsb ifWqf pfq bf.

ƒƒƒnnntttfffmmmDDD wwwvvvDDDqqqssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff WWW kkkfffvvv iiipppGGGfffqqqÛÛÛÁÁÁmmm
mrfdhÎfb W drjmkmq mrfb zfïfrv ˆjde drjmk W zbcoar ˆƒ sp, dkdb hf¦lfv
…iv sp zfslw-dbsNL zfsvfi jsvsYb kfv msLA hù dhNqsjƒ ipGfq zbcÛÁsm LDsv
LDsv Ivp zKhf rfvfm jsvsYb. zbcv™i k]fv ˆj Ivp rt dnqfm hf svfpf. pf dkdb
…©msk mcrf©mflDv …iv ipGfqÛÁsm djYc djYc jsv Ivp jsvsYb. spmb }-
iiiaaaKKKmmm iiipppGGGfffqqq }}}---
diaq bhD  iaskAj mfsn 3de jsv svfpf iftb jvskb. zfv ˆ slsJ nfrfhfoBW 
k]fv zbcnvsB ‰ svfpf vfJskb. pfsk jsv svfpfv zHAfn kfslv ubA nru rsq WsE.
dddäääkkkDDDqqq iiipppGGGfffqqq }}}---
jcvfƒwlt ufsrtD pcso zfwCvfv svfpf vfJk. (hc} 1893, mc} 1125) zk}iv dkdb
mÄf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq ˆst rpvk mCnf -ˆv zbcjvsB k]fv n¹xdk iftb
jsv zfwCvfv dlsb Jch Èv¢sk¶v nfsK svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ nfrfhfslvsjW ˆ svfpf vfJsk
zfslw jvstb. kJb ˆ svfpf vfJf Ivp dYt.
kkkxxxkkkDDDqqq iiipppGGGfffqqq }}}---
zk}iv svfpfv dhLfb dbsq jcvzfb jfvDsmv …ipGcÙÁ zfqfk zhkDBG rt. dj§Â
ðv¢sk kJbW svfpf iCBG zfjfsv Ivp dYt bf. pfv ƒ¤Yf sn svfpf vfJk ˆhQ pfv ƒ¤Yf
sn bf svsJ dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvk. ksh svfpf vfJfefƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj
iY¦lbDq dYt. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt }-
®’n?tãuρš⎥⎪Ï%©!$#…çµtΡθà)‹ÏÜãƒ×πtƒô‰ÏùãΠ$yèsÛ&⎦⎫Å3ó¡ÏΒ(⎯yϑsùtí§θsÜs?#[öyzuθßγsùÖöyz…ã&©!4βr&uρ(#θãΒθÝÁs?
ÖöyzöΝà6©9(βÎ)óΟçFΖä.tβθßϑn=÷ès?∩⊇∇⊆∪〈
zKGf{, pfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG
ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. sp hAdÙÁ JcwDv nfsK n{jmG jsv, kf kfv ubA
jtAfBjv rq. zfv pdl skfmvf svfpf vfJ, kfrst kf skfmfslv ubA dhswN jtAfBianC;
pdl skfmvf …itdé jvsk ifv. (jc} 2/184)
yyykkkcccKKKGGG iiipppGGGfffqqq }}}---
zk}iv nb 2 druvDv wf'hfb mfsnv 2q kfvDJ snfmhfsv(2
) iaskAj nfmKGAhfb
Hfviafå mcndtsmv is[ iCBG vmpfb (3
) mfsnv svfpf Ivp jvf rt. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb
zfïfr hstb,
®ã÷κy−tβ$ŸÒtΒu‘ü“Ï%©!$#tΑÍ“Ρé&ÏµŠÏùãβ#u™öà)ø9$#”Y‰èδÄ¨$¨Ψ=Ïj9;M≈sΨÉit/uρz⎯ÏiΒ3“y‰ßγø9$#Èβ$s%öàø9$#uρ4⎯yϑsù
(2) dInc} 1/383 û}
( ٣
) vmpfb jKfde zfvhD `vfmfpfb'-ˆv ziëQw W hfQtfq ydtk v™i.

y‰Îκy−ãΝä3ΨÏΒu÷κ¤¶9$#çµôϑÝÁuŠù=sù(〈
zKGf{, vmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv
ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh
sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185)
nckvfQ nfmKGAhfb Hfviafå (Îfbn©iâ nfhftj) oxrhfnDv ubA dmnjDbsj
JflAlfsbv dhLfb vdrk rsq sot ˆhQ hxÝ W dyvsvfoDv ubA kf hrft vfJf rt.
zbcv™i (djYc …tfmfv msk) ˆ dhLfb oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv ubAW hrft jvf rt;
pfvf oHGjfst hf lcÊlfb jfst svfpf vfJst kfv n§Àfsbv dhswN [dk rsh hst zfwËf
jsv.
mcndtmslv iadk zfïfrv dhswN vrmk ˆƒ dYt sp, svfpfv hù jóHfv dkdb tfOh
jsv dlsqsYb. spmb; ðv¢v dlsj ˆ svfpf Ivp dYt ˆwfv bfmfp hf vfsÛ Ocdmsq pfWqfv
iv sKsj iv dlb nCpGf²À ipG§À. zKGf{, vfsÛ ˆjhfv Ocdmsq iVst ifbfrfv W ²ÃD-nrhfn
rfvfm rsq spk. ˆsk mcndtmvf hV jóshfL jvsk tfostb. nmq tìf Kfjfv jfvsB
k]fvf hV lchGt rsq iVskb. zk}iv mrfb zfïfrv kvI sKsj sn Hfv rfîf jvf
rt. idvswsN Iuv …lqjft sKsj ðv¢ jsv nCpGf²À jft ipG§À rt svfpf vfJfv nmq.
zfbnfv sofsÛv dnvmfr bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁ svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq náAf ipG§À jfu
jvskb. ˆjdlb dkdb hfdV dIsv ˆsn ˆwfv bfmfp isV Ocdmsq iVstb ˆhQ sjfb
iajfv ifbfrfv bf jsvƒ k]fv Iuv rsq sot. nckvfQ ˆ zh²¿fskƒ ivdlb svfpf
vfJstb. zfïfrv vnCt  k]fsj snƒ jdEb lchGt W dj½ó zh²¿fq slsJ duÎfnf
jvstb, ªdj hAfifv! zfdm skfmfsj hV lchGt slJdY sp?« dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfdm okjft jfu jvfv iv pJb ˆtfm kJb ˆtfm. kfviv (idvwaf§À rsq)
ðsq iVskƒ Ocdmsq sotfm. kfviv Iuv rsq sost zfhfv svfpf svsJ dbtfm.' (hc}
1915, nzflf} 2029bQ)
rpvk …mfv  ˆj vfsÛ Ocdmsq pfWqfv iv …sE ²ÃD-dmtb jsv sItstb. dkdb
mrfbhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn Oebf …sïJ jvstb. zk}iv ˆƒ nshv idvsia[Dsk
zfïfrv dhLfb zhkDBG rt,
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zKGf{, svfpfv vfsk skfmfslv ubA ²ÃD-ns©Hfo rftft jvf rsqsY. kfvf skfmfslv
sifNfj ˆhQ skfmvf kfslv sifNfj. zfïfr ufbskb sp, skfmvf zfk¹-iakfvBf jvY.
kfƒ skf dkdb skfmfslv iadk nlq rsqsYb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfL [mf jsv dlsqsYb.
zkˆh ˆJb skfmvf skfmfslv ²ÃDslv nsÌ nrhfn jvsk ifv ˆhQ zfïfr skfmfslv
ubA pf (n§Àfb, wshjlv, njt ShL h²Â hf zfïfrv kvI sKsj sjfb djYcv hAfifsv
zhAfrdk) dtsJ svsJsYb kf jfmbf jv. zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv; pk[B vfdÛv
jfstf svJf rsk Iusvv nflf svJf ±ióv™si skfmfslv dbje iajfw bf ifq. zk}iv

vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) (nzflf} 2028bQ, kƒjf} 1/291, zfnfƒ} 23-25ix} û})
nnnfffLLLfffvvvBBBHHHfffssshhh sssvvvfffpppfffvvv IIIpppDDDtttkkk
nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGbf jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsm´ jdkiq nrDr
rflDn iadBLfbspfoA }-
1. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf  jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb,
ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb, `zflm n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv ubA; ksh
svfpf bq, spsrkc kf zfmfvƒ ubA ˆhQ zfdm dbsuƒ kfv iadklfb slh.' svfpf Tft
n¶v™i. nckvfQ skfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rst sn spb zw½Dt bf hsj W UoVf-SrSy bf
jsv; iv§Â pdl kfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv ndrk tVsk yfq, ksh sn spb
hst, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' snƒ nÙfv wiK p]fv rfsk mcrf©mslv
iafB zfsY! dbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f
zdLjkv ncoámq. svfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY lc'de JcwD, pf sn tfH jsv; pJb sn ƒIkfv
jsv kJb ƒIkfvD dbsq JcwD rq. zfv pJb sn kfv iadkiftsjv ndrk nf[f{ jvsh
kJb kfv svfpf dbsq JcwD rsh. (hcJfvD 1904, mcndtm 1151 bQ)
2. rpvk ùpfƒIf  hstb, zfdm bhD -sj htsk ðsbdY sp, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv,
Lb-n©il W iadkshwDv hAfifsv Odek dhdHâ dIkbf W sofbfrv jfIXIfvf rt bfmfp,
svfpf W nljfr.« (hc} 1895, mc} 144bQ)
3. rpvk nfrXt dhb nf'l  rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ufâfskv ˆj iashwl¶fv
vsqsY, pfv bfm `vfƒqfb.' djqfmskv dlb ‰ l¶fv dlsq svfpflfvoB iashw jvsh. kfvf
YfVf kfslv nfsK zfv sj…ƒ ‰ l¶fv dlsq iashw jvsh bf. htf rsh, `sjfKfq
svfpflfvoB?' nckvfQ kfvf ‰ lvuf dlsq (ufâfsk) iashw jvsh. zk}iv pJb
kfslv nhGswN hAdÙÁ iashw jvsh, kJb sn l¶fv v¢Ý jvf rsh. Ist sn l¶fv dlsq zfv
sj…ƒ iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.« (hc}1896 bQ, mc} 1152 bQ, bf}, dk})
4. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf  jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ª---
zfv sp hAdÙÁ svfpf vfJfq zHAfnD rsh, kfsj (djqfmskv dlb) `vfƒqfb' lcqfv rsk
(ufâfskv dlsj) zfrhfb jvf rsh. ---« (hc} 1897, mc} 1027bQ)
5. rpvk zfhc nf„l  jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, `sp
hf¦lf zfïfrv vf²Àfq ˆjdlb mfÛ svfpf vfJsh snƒ hf¦lfsj zfïfr ‰ svfpfv dhdbmsq
ufrfâfm sKsj 70 hYsvv iK idvmfB lCvsk¶ vfJshb.« (hcJfvD 2840 bQ, mcndtm 1153
bQ , dkvdmpD, bfnf„)
6. rpvk zfmXv dhb zfhfnfr  jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt 
hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vf²Àfq ˆjdlb mfÛ svfpf vfJsh snƒ hAdÙÁ sKsj ufrfâfm

100 hYsvv iK idvmfB lCsv nsv pfsh.« (bf}, nuf} 6330bQ …jhfr rsk,k¶f} jfhDv W
zfWnfk¶, nkf}975 bQ)
7. rpvk zfhc …mfmfr  rsk hdBGk, mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv isK
ˆjde svfpf vfJsh, zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁ W slfpsJv mfsU ˆjde ˆmb iadkv[fv Jfl SkvD
jsv slshb; pf zfjfw W ixdKhDv mLAhkGD ufqof nmidvmfB yWVf.« (dk}, nuf}
6333bQ)
8. rpvk …nmfb dhb zfhCt zfn jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD  hstb, ªsvfpf rt slfpJ
sKsj h]fyfv ubA Tftöv™i; spmb pcsÝv nmq dbsusj v[f jvfv ubA skfmfslv Tft
rsq Kfsj.« (zf}, bf}, ƒmf}, nuf} 3879bQ)
9. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf  jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsvfpf rt
ufrfâfm sKsj v[fv ubA Tft W lcsHGlA lcoGöv™i.« (zf}, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, nuf}
3880bQ)
10. rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfmXv  jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb,
ªdjqfmskv dlb svfpf ˆhQ jcvzfb hf¦lfv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. svfpf htsh, `sr
zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm Wsj ifbfrfv W spZbjmG sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv
hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' zfv jcvzfb htsh, `zfdm Wsj vfsÛ dblaf sKsj
dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' bhD  hstb,
ªzkˆh Wslv …Hsqv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh.« (zf}, k¶fhf} jfhDv, rf}, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAfv
`djkfhct uc', nkf} 969 bQ)
11. rpvk zfhc …mfmfr  rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfmfsj ˆmb sjfb zfmstv zfÎf jv¢b; pÜ¶fvf zfïfr zfmfsj tfHhfb
jvshb.' (zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `pfv mfLAsm zfdm ufâfk spsk ifvh.') dkdb
htstb, kcdm svfpf vfJ, jfvB ˆv nmkct djYc sbƒ.' icbvfq zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfmfsj sjfb zfmstv zfslw jv¢b.' dkdbW icb} ‰ jKfƒ htstb, ªkcdm
svfpf vfJ, jfvB ˆv nmkct djYc sbƒ.' (bf}, ƒJc}, rf}, nkf} 973 bQ)
12. rpvk ùpfƒIf  rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, bhD  zfmfv hcsj srtfb dlsq
dYstb. snƒ nmq dkdb htstb, ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' htfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv
idvnmfdå Oesh sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA ˆjdlb svfpf
vfJfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv idvnmfdå Oesh sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. zfv zfïfrv
n§ÂdótfsHv zfwfq djYc nfljfr jvfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv idvnmfdå Oesh snW
ufâfk iashw jvsh.« (zf}, nkf} 972 bQ)

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv ………sssÜÜÜwwwAAA,,, ttt[[[AAA,,, ………iiijjjfffdddvvvkkkfff WWW ssspppZZZdddÙÙÙÁÁÁjjjkkkfff
mrfb zfïfrv 99 ˆv zdLj nc¦lv bfmfhtDv zbAkm bfm rt `zft-rfjDm.'
`zft-rfjDm' zKG drjmk-Wqftf, dhÎfbmq, iaÎfmq. zfv drjmk W iaÎf rt
nhGjmG pKfspfoAHfsh SbicsBAv nfsK n©iflb jvf. mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ bfsmv lfhD ˆƒ
sp, dkdb pf djYc nxdó jsvsYb zKhf mfbcsNv ubA dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv iaskAjefv
iÇyfsk zfsY idviCBG pcdÙÁ W drjmk; kf sj… hcUsk n[m srfj zKhf z[m.
sp svfpf zfïfr kfzftf hf¦lfv …iv Ivp W dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv mfsU vsqsY
zHfhbDq spZdÙÁjkf W zdy§ÀbDq …ijfdvkf. spmb }-
1. svfpf rt ˆj ˆmb ƒhflk, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf iaHcv SbjeAtfH jvsk n[m rq.
ˆsk sn iajxdkokHfsh sp dudbn Hfstfhfsn kf huGb jsv; huGb jsv njt iajfv
ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf. zfv ˆv mfLAsm sn dbu iadkiftsjv n§Âdó jfmbf jsv. zfwf
jsv ivjfstv nfItA W shsrñXtfH. ˆsk ˆƒ jKfƒ ±ió rq sp, sn dbsuv diaq h²Âv
…iv iaHcv diaq h²Âsj iafLfbA slq ˆhQ ƒrjfstv uDhsbv …iv ivjfstv uDhbsjƒ
swaôk¶ slq.
2. svfpflfv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvst svfpf kfsj mcÙfjD W ivsrpofv hfbfsk
nrfqj rq. kfv uDhb isK kfjWqf W ivsrpofvDv zfstf dh¤Ycdvk rq. mrfb
zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv
iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv.« (jc}
2/183)
nckvfQ svfpflfv svfpf svsJ kfv uDhsbv iaskAj dy§Àf, jKf W jsmG `kfjWqf'
zfbsh -ˆefƒ hfdÒk. zfv `kfjWqf' rt snƒ zfïfr-HDdkv bfm, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf
k]fv njt zfslw pKfnfLA iftb jsv ytsh ˆhQ pfhkDq dbdNÝ jmG sKsj nclCsv
Kfjsh. htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rt svfpfv mrfb …sÜwA W iaLfb t[A. ifbfrfv W
spZbdÛÁqf dbdNÝjvsBv mfLAsm mfbcNsj hxKf jó slWqf svfpfv …sÜwA bq. diaq bhD 
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ dmKAf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn
hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689,
zf} 2/452, 505, Icdnkfpf} 6-7ix})
3. svfpf zfk¹fsj kvdhqk lfb jsv, ydvÛsj nHA W zflwGdHdÙj jsv osV skfst
ˆhQ svfpflfsvv zfyvsB …{jxókfv ²¿fqDk¶ zfbqb jsv. mcndtsmv öHfh-iajxdksk
svfpf oHDvHfsh iaHfh dh²Àfv jsv. svfpfv nQswfLbD hfkGf kfv r™lq-msb kfnDv svsJ
pfq. svfpflfsvv z§Àsv ˆmb ufovB nxdó jsv ˆhQ kfv msbv lcqfsv ˆmb zk¦û
iarvD JfVf jsv slq sp, sn dbsuv zfk¹fsj dbq§ÃsB vfJsk n[m rq ˆhQ ˆƒ iarvDv

syfsJ I]fdj dlsq sjfbW Sbdkjkf-dhsvfLD jmG jvsk ƒ¤Yf W syófW jvsk ifsv bf.
ˆef dj jsv rsk ifsv sp, svfpflfv kfv iadkiftsjv dbje nkAhfdlkfv idvyq
slsh, zKy mfbcsNv nsÌ dmKAf htsh? dbsuv svfpfq zf§Àdvjkf vfJsh, zKy dbu
nmfsuv nsÌ sLfjfhfuD W jiekf ialwGb jvsh? ƒJtfn W zf§Àdvjkf ˆjde
nfmdoaj h²Â; pf HfofHfdo rq bf. pfv nshGf¤y ipGfq W nfvfQw rt nxdójkGf z§ÀpGfmD
zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf W dhðÝdyÙkf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf
Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁv s[sÛ zn©Hh sp, sn mfbcNsj sLfjf slsh, zfmfbsk sJqfbk jvsh,
zivsj Edjsq Jfsh, ycdv jvsh, pctm jvsh zKhf zivsj jó slsh. i[f§Àsv pdl
jfsvf yÛÁfs§À isV hf HctÛÁsm ˆ Lvsbv sjfb ifi jsvƒ hsn, kfrst nfsK nfsK sn
ncisK dIsv zfsn, zfïfrv dbje kWhf jsv, zbckå rq, tdÏk rq nDmfrDb.
nckvfQ svfpf rt ˆjde nclxP dHdÙv …iv ncydvÛ oEsbv …ijvB ˆhQ kf
nmxÝjvsBv ubA zfHA§ÀvDB ˆj smZdtj …iflfb. zfv dhdlk sp, hfdrAj snZ¦lspGv
hfrfv sjfb mCtA vfsJ bf; pdl bf zHA§Àv nclxP W muhck rq. kfƒ svfpflfsvv uDhsb
kfv zfJtfj-ydvÛ ²¿fqDk¶, d²¿dkwDtkf, hLGbwDtkf W waDhxdÝwDtkfv ÈBfhtD oarB
jsv Kfsj. jfvB, kfv njt zfyvB dHkv W hfƒsv sKsj dbqd§Ãk W ncvd[k rsq
pfq. (Ifƒp} 224ix})
4. svfpf svfpflfsvv zfyfv-hAhrfvsj nc¦lv jvfv jfsu hV ndÛÁq HCdmjf iftb
jsv Kfsj. iCBG ˆjde mfn Lsv kfsj ifi sKsj lCsv vfsJ, dbdNÝ W rfvfm h²Â sKsj
dbvfisl vfsJ. hvQ svfpf kfsj ˆj mrfb ƒhflsk mwXÈt vfsJ, rDbkf W bDykf rsk
v[f jsv, iaskAj sbfQvfmDv dhv¢sÝ nQoafm jsv. nckvfQ sn bf ycotD jsv, bf oDhk.
bf dmKAf hst, bf zw½Dt. bf dIkbf nxdó jsv, bf Ifnfl. bf znfv hsj, bf Iftkc.
sjfb iajfsvv ififyvB kfv äfvf nQOdek rq bf. Ist iajxk svfpflfv svfpfv isvW
ˆjde db°ifi W idhÛ mfbcsNv mk pfhkDq n¤ydvÛkfv ztËfsv HCdNk rsq ncJmq
uDhb-pfib jvsk ifsv. (nfvf} 40ix})
5. svfpf mb W iahxdÙsj lmb W dbq§ÃB jvfv zbcwDtb slq. duskd¦ûq W nQpmD
rsk …äcÝ jsv. Ist svfpflfv kfv mb W iahxdÙsj snƒ jfsu hAhrfv jvsk ifsv;
pfsk ƒr-ifvstZdjj njt iajfv mÌt W jtAfB dbdrk zfsY. zfv ˆmb zfyvB W
jmG sKsj kfsj lCsv vfsJ; pfsk sn ˆjde ƒd¦ûqsnhD W ifwdhj ÈBn©iâ mfbcN hst
idvdyk rsk ifsv; spJfsb sn jfmbf-hfnbf W tftnfv iahBkf sKsj kfsj v¢Jsk
n[m rq bf.
nckvfQ svfpf snƒ m¦liahB zfk¹fv dhv¢sÝ tVfsq dhuqD rsk mcndtmsj nfdhGj
nrspfdokf jsv, sp zfk¹f nhGlf rfvfm jfsu dtå rsk yfq, zShLHfsh jfm-tftnf
ydvkfKG jvsk yfq. svfpf svfpflfsvv ƒ¤YfwdÙÁsj nhGiajfv ifi W jciahxdÙv ±iwG
sKsj lCsv Kfjfv `seºdbQ' slq. svfpfv mfsU vsqsY zfk¹nQpm ˆhQ jciahxdÙv lmb.
zfLcdbj pcsov mfbcN zdLjfQsw dbu jfmbf-hfnbfv jfsY hV lchGt, jciahxdÙ W m¦l-

iahB sJqftJcwDv hwDHCk. zfv mbsj nht W nclxP jvsk svfpf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb
…ifq-…ijvB sbƒ. jfvB, svfpflfv zkA§À [c{-diifnfq jfkv Kfjf nsÙ¶W ifbfrfv
huGb jsv Kfsj. zfv db}ns¦lsr ˆ jfsu zfk¹dhw¶fn W zfk¹dbq§ÃB-[mkf nxdó rq
ˆhQ nhGjfsu msbfht iaht W nclxP rq.
6. svfpf svfpflfvsj jczHAfsnv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁlfb jsv. ˆmb hù mfbcN zfsY,
pfvf ˆmb hù sbfQvf zHAfsn zHAfnD rsq isV ˆhQ kfv I]fl sKsj shv rWqfv sjfb
iK J]csu ifq bf. dj§Â svfpf ˆst kfslvsj slJf pfq sp, kfvf kfslv sn nm²À
jczHAfnsj idviCBGv™si huGb jsv sIstsY.
htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rq kfslv ubA nchBG-ncspfo; pfv mfsU kfslv snƒ njt m¦l
zHAfsnv iÓf sKsj dbsuslvsj nru …ifsq öfLDb jsv dbsk ifsv, sp njt zHAfn
kfslv mfbdnj lcdÇy§Àf W hAfdLv ˆjmfÛ jfvB. (nfvf} 40ix})
zkˆh snƒ njt svfpflfvoB pfvf Lcmifsb zHAfnD; pfslv zShL dhdV-dnofsve
dhbf 30 dmdbeW zdkhfrk rq bf, zKhf kf ifb bf ipG§À ifqJfbfW rq bf, pfslv
Sldbj 1 iAfsje dnofsve ifsb kfslv 50 hYv uDhsb iafq 1 tfJ 82 rfufv 500
efjf ˆhQ 15208 O¦ef 20 dmdbe nmq ziyq rq, kfslv …dyk, svfpfv ˆƒ idhÛ
zhnsv ˆƒ swaBDv `dhNifb' dyvdlsbv ubA idvkAfo jvf. jfvB, ˆ `ncJefb' ˆmb
`zdo´hfB' sp, kf mfbcsNv ncöf²¿A, slr, zKG, äDb, lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv ubA hV
[dkjv. sp mfbcN 12/13 O¦ef zfïfrv Wqfs²À kf huGb jsv Kfjsk ifsv, sn mfbcN
zfïfrvƒ Hsq hfjD nmq ifb bf jvstW Kfjsk ifvsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv Wqfs²À
sjfb dudbn huGb jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq kfv yfƒsk …Ùm dudbn zuGb
jvsh. ˆefƒ rt zfïfrv vDdk. iv§Â ˆ sjfbÛÁsmƒ …dyk bq sp, svfpflfv nfvfdlb
rftft dudbn bf sJsq svfpf svsJ idvswsN rfvfm dudbn dlsq svfpf Jctsh! (ƒkrfI 42ix})
7. svfpfv mfsU vsqsY zfïfrv iadk nclxP „mfb vfJfv ndhswN iadw[B. jfvB, svfpf
rt Èå ƒhflk. spsrkc mfbcN ˆ ƒhflsk mcbfsIjD vfJsk ifsv bf. ƒ¤Yf jvst sn
sofisbsJskhfifbjvskifsv,zKhf …ihfnsKsjWdbqk sHsÌ sItsk ifsv.nckvfQ
dbYj zfïfrv iadk nclxP „mfb W nkA Hq bf Kfjst iajxkv™si svfpf vfJf pfq bf.
htf hfùtA, svfpf rt ˆmb ˆjde zf§Àdvj ƒhflk, pf hf¦lf W iaHcv mfsU ˆjf§À
Èå. zkˆh sofisb ifbfrfv jvfv nfmKGA W ncspfo Kfjf nsÙ¶W kf bf jvf ˆƒ jKfƒ
iamfB jsv sp, sn hf¦lf db}ns¦lsr ˆƒ hst zet dhw¶fn vfsJ sp, mrfb zfïfr kfv
sofib nh djYcƒ slsJb W ufsbb. zfv ˆJfb sKsjƒ svfpflfsvv msb ƒhflsk nkkf
W zfmfbklfvD nxdó rq. kfƒskf zfïfr kfzftf svfpfsj ixKj ShdwóA lfb jsvsYb;
hf¦lfv iaskAj zfmstv nWqfhsj 10 ÈB sKsj 700 ÈB; hvQ zfsvf zsbj zsbj
ÈB hdLGk jsv Kfsjb. dj§Â svfpf bq. svfpfsj dkdb dbsuv ubA Jfn jsv dbsqsYb.
zfv kfv nWqfshv idvmfB sp jk, kf dkdb YfVf zbA sj… ufsb bf.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, zflm n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv

ubA; kfsk kfv nWqfh 10 sKsj 700 ÈB hfdVsq slWqf rq. dj§Â svfpf bq. svfpf
rt zfmfv ubA. zfv zfdm dbsu kfv iadklfb slh.« (zf} 2/503)
8. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb ivjfstv iadk zfoar W …{jØf hxdÝ jsv. jfvB, sn
zfïfrv dbje zfsJvfsk sp nWqfh W iadklfb zfsY kf ifWqfv zfwfq zfoarfd¦hk
rsq ifdKGh djYc ncJ-…isHfo sKsj dhvk Kfsj. sn sp dbdÙÁsk tfH-sbfjnfb Wub
jsv Kfsj kf rt ifvstZdjj. svfpfv dlsb ifbfrfv W spZbncJ ðLc ˆƒ zfwfq idvrfv
jsv sp, ˆsk sn zfïfrv n§Âdó ifWqfv nfsK nfsK djqfmskv dlb …Ùm iadklfb ifsh.
nckvfQ ˆƒHfsh svfpf svfpflfsvv msb ivjfstv iadk „mfb hÝmCt jsv, ivstfsjv
nfsK z§Àvsj ucsV vfsJ ˆhQ [B²¿fqD ˆƒ LvfLfsmv ifdKGh sHfo-dhtfsn dhkxòf nxdó
jsv; sp sHfo-dhtfn zsbj nmq mfbcNsj zfsJvfskv jKf dhn¹xk jsv ˆƒ LfvBf slq
sp, sn ixdKhDsk zmv W dyvjft Kfjsh. (lcvf} 10ix})
9. svfpf idviCBGv™si zfïfrv dbje zfk¹nmiGB ˆhQ k]fv iCBG lfnk¶ jvfv jKf
dw[f slq. svfpf mcndtmsj iajxk lfnsk¶v zbcwDtb slq. kfƒ skf sn vfskv shtfq
Jfq, ifb jsv. jfvB, kfv iaHc sp hstsYb,
®(#θè=ä.uρ(#θç/uõ°$#uρ4©®Lxmt⎦¨⎫t7oKtƒãΝä3s9äÝø‹sƒù:$#âÙu‹ö/F{$#z⎯ÏΒÅÝø‹sƒù:$#ÏŠuθó™F{$#z⎯ÏΒÍôfxø9$#(〈
zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj
Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187)
htf hfùtA, ˆ ubAƒ ƒIkfv W snrvDv nmq JfWqf rt ncâk W mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ bf
sJsq ˆjefbf iviv jsqjdlb svfpf vfJf mjv™r. zkˆh svfpf vfJfv ubA snrvD
JfWqf ˆhQ svfpfv swsN ƒIkfvD JfWqf rt ˆj iajfv zfïfrv ƒhflk W k]fv
dbslGswv zfbcokA.
klbcv™i Iuv …lq rst mcndtm ifbfrfv nr snƒ njt h²Â W dhNq sKsj lCsv
Kfsj, pfsk svfpf bó jsv sIst. zfv ˆv mfsUW sn ˆjmfÛ zfïfrvƒ lfnk¶ W
zfbcokA jsv. jfvB, dkdb hstb,
®¢ΟèO(#θ‘ϑÏ?r&tΠ$u‹Å_Á9$#’n<Î)È≅øŠ©9$#4〈
zKGf{, zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) nckvfQ ˆƒHfsh mcndtm
mrfb zfïfrv iCBG lfnk¶ W zfbcoskAv …iv lDOG iadw[B tfH jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 10ix})
10. svfpf mcndtsmv ubA zfïfrv ˆj iajfv vrmk, jv¢Bf W zbcoar. mrfb zfïfr
mcndtm ufdkv iadk zbcoar W jv¢Bf ialwGb jsvƒ svfpf Ivp jsvsYb. jfvB, ˆvƒ
mfLAsm dkdb mcndtsmv ifivfdw mfuGbf jsv Kfsjb, kfv mpGflf …âDk jsv Kfsjb ˆhQ
hùÈB rfsv kfv nWqfh hxdÝ jsv Kfsjb. (ƒkrfI 41ix})
11. svfpf rt sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf. jfvB, sbjDv jfu sofbfrv jfsuv sofbfr bfw
jsv slq. zfv svfpf rt hV sbjDv jfu. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

®¨βÎ)ÏM≈uΖ|¡utù:$#t⎦÷⎤Ïδõ‹ãƒÏN$t↔ÍhŠ¡¡9$#4〈
zKGf{, dbÇyq icBAvfdw (nWqfshv jfu) ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv. (jc} 11/114)
zfv diaq bhD  hstb, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwD nQÛÁf§À
ifivfdwsj bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ nljfr smfyb jsv slq.« (hc} 1796, mc} 144bQ) zKGf{,
mcndtm sp sofbfr kfv idvhfvsj zbAfqHfsh …¤yhfyA jsv, jó dlsq zKhf sjfb
dhNsq kfslv iadk Û¢de W zhsrtf ialwGb jsv, zKhf iadkshwDsj sjfb jKfq hf
jfsu sjfb iajfv jó dlsq, zKhf zfdKGj sjfb iajfv Û¢de Odesq zKhf zbcv™i
zbAfbA nfoDvf (sYfe) sofbfr jsv Kfsj, sn nhsj kfv bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ lfb-Jqvfk
smfyb jsv slq.
iv§Â diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb W nWqfshv zfwf svsJ vmpfsbv svfpf
vfsJ, kfv iCshGjfv njt sofbfr mfI rsq pfq.« (hc} 38, mc} 760bQ)
rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf  rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªjfhDvfr sofbfr bf
jvst i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp, ˆj ucmzfr sKsj ziv ucmzfr ˆhQ ˆj vmpfb sKsj zbA
vmpfb -ˆv mLAhkGDjfst nQOdek ifinmCsrv jfIIfvf (iafqdÇyÙ).« (zf}, mc} 233bQ, dk})
klbcv™i svfpf rt jnm HfÌfv jfIXIfvf (udvmfbf). (jc} 5/89) dprfsvv jfIXIfvf.
(jc} 58/4) sjfb mcndtmsj hf ycdÙÁhÝ sjfb dp©mDsj Hcthwk} rkAf jsv sItfv
jfIXIfvf. (jc} 4/92) ƒrvfsm dbdNÝ jmG jsv sItfv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 2/196, 5/5)
kfmfÙc' rsÏv jcvhfbD dlsk bf ifvst kfv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 2/196) ƒkAfdl.
12. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb SLpG W nrbwDtkf nxdó jsv. jsó SLpG LfvB W
nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsk zHAfnD hfbfq. svfpf kfsj kfv diaq h²Â hAhrfv huGb
jvsk SLspGv dw[f slq. spmb dw[f slq jfm-lmb W msbv psK¤Yfyfv lmb jvfv; pf
dbÇyq nru jfu bq.
htf hfùtA, svfpf iftsb vsqsY 3 iajfv SLpG. mrfb zfïfrv zfbcoskA SLpG, k]fv
rfvfmjxk h²Â idvrfv jvfv …iv SLpG ˆhQ k]fv dbLGfdvk kjlDsvv hftf-mnDhskv
…iv SLpG. ˆƒ 3 iajfv SLpG sp hf¦lfv mfsU ˆjdÛk rsh, snƒ rsh ƒrjfst ivm ncJD
ˆhQ ivjfst zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
®$yϑ¯ΡÎ)’¯ûuθãƒtβρãÉ9≈¢Á9$#Νèδuô_r&ÎötóÎ/5>$|¡Ïm∩⊇⊃∪〈
zKGf{, SLpGwDtslvsj skf zidvdmk icvõfv W nWqfh lfb jvf rsh. (jc} 39/10)
ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, [c{-diifnf W spZb[cLfq SLpGLfvB jvfƒ rt SLspGv swN
ipGfq. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ swaBDv SLpG LfvB jvsk ifvÌm rsh, sn hAdÙÁv ubA zbA
swaBDv SLpG LfvB jvf nru rsq pfsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA SLpG
LfvB jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ tfH jvsh ðHidvBfm.
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªpfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv n§ÂdótfsHv ubA SLpGjó hvB jsv,
pKfpKHfsh bfmfp isV, zfdm sp v¢pD kfslvsj lfb jsvdY kf rsk sofisb W iajfswA

lfb jsv ˆhQ pfvf Hfstf äfvf m¦lsj lCv jsv -kfslvƒ ubA vsqsY ðH idvBfm;
(zflXb) ²¿fqD shsrñX, Wsk Wvf iashw jvsh---.« (jc} 13/22-23)
13. svfpf rt Tftöv™i; slfpJ sKsj v[fv Tftöv™i. (k¶fh}, nuf} 3867bQ) ˆjde
mfÛ svfpf ufrfâfmsj svfpflfv sKsj 70 hYsvv iK lCsv ndvsq slq. (hc} 2685, mc}
1153bQ) nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ iCBG vmpfb mfsnv svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ iaskAj mfsn 3de svfpf
zKhf zfsvf zbAfbA bIt svfpf vfsJ, sn hAdÙÁ sKsj slfpJ jk hYsvv iK lCsv nsv
pfq kf zbcsmq.
14. svfpf rt ydvÛrDbkf W hAdHyfv ƒkAfdl zw½Dtkf sKsj Tftöv™i. svfpf
svfpflfvsj zShL spZbfyfv sKsj drIfpsk vfsJ, spmb Tft mcufdrl (spfÝf)sj
wÛ¢is[v kDv W kvhfdvv zfOfk sKsj v[f jsv Kfsj.
rpvk zfècïfr dhb mfn†l  jkGxj hdBGk, diaq bhD  hstb, ªsr pchjlt!
skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvBsifNB W vdkdÛÁqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn
spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr y[csj l²Âvmk nQpk jsv ˆhQ tÏf²¿fb drIfpk
jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ‰ nfmKGA vfsJ bf, sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZb[cLf
…iwmjfvD.« (hc} 4779, mc} 1400, dm} 3080bQ)
htf hfùtA, sp pchj dhhfsrv Jvyfdl hrb jvsk n[m bq, sn pchjsj mrfbhD ˆƒ
dbslGw dlstb sp, sn spb kfv jfm[cLf W spZb-…sÙubf iawdmk jvsk svfpfv nfrfpA
sbq. jfvB, svfpf …ÙÁ [cLf W …sÙubf lmb W dbhfvB jsv. zfv zsbsjv zdHÎkf
äfvf …ÙÁ bhhD dydj{nf iamfdBk W ivDd[k sp, jfmiDdVk pchsjv ubA sp sjfbW
snhA ŠNL zsi[f svfpfƒ rt …Ùm W zhAKG ŠNL.
15. svfpf rt shsrñXofmD iK. rpvk zfhC …mfmfr  ufâfsk iashw jvfsh ˆmb
zfmt iansÌ pJb zfïfrv bhD -ˆv dbje dbslGw yfƒstb, kJb dkdb k]fsj
htstb, ªkcdm svfpf vfJ. jfvB, kfv mk zbA sjfb zfmt sbƒ.« (bf} 2221bQ)
kfYfVf mrfbhD  svfpflfvsj shsrsñ `vfƒqfb' bfmj ˆj dhswN lvuf dlsq iashw
jvfv ncnQhfl dlsqsYb. (hc} 1797, mc} 1152bQ) zfv `vfƒqfb' (kxòfrDb) äfv zfmt
zbcpfqD svfpflfsvv ubA hV …ipcÙÁ. jfvB, svfpf vfJfv Ist lcdbqfsk sn diifnfq
jfkv rq. kfƒ kfvƒ dhdbmsq ivjfst ªsnƒ äfsv sp iashw jvsh sn (shsrñD
ifbDq) ifb jvsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ˆjhfv kf ifb jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ zfv sjfb jfstW
diifdnk rsh bf.« (zf}, bf}, nuf} 5184bQ)
16. svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm svfpflfv kfv mrfb iaHcv n§Âdó tfH jsv Kfsj. pfv ubA
kfv …ihfn-udbk mcsJv lcoGáW zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvD zsi[fW zdLj ncoámq rq!
(hc} 1805, mc} 1151bQ) zKy Jfdt sise Kfjf zh²¿fq mcJ sKsj shv rWqf ‰ lcoGá sjfb
mfbcN iY¦l jsv bf; hvQ OxBfƒ jsv Kfsj. dj§Â kf mrfb naófv dbjse zdk iY¦lbDq.
jfvB, ˆ oá k]fvƒ zfbcokA W n§Âdóv isK dboGk rsq Kfsj.
17. svfpflfv hAdÙÁv lczf svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq jhct rsq Kfsj. diaq bhD  hstb,

ªdkb iajfv lczf zfïfrv dbje jhct rsq Kfsj; svfpflfsvv lczf, zkAfyfdvskv lczf
ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv lczf.« (hf} ðzfhct „mfb, ƒzf}, dnn} 1797bQ)
18. svfpf djqfmskv HDNB dhyfv dlsb svfpflfsvv ubA zfïfrv lvhfsv ncifdvw
jvsh; htsh, `sr zfmfv iaHc! zfdm Wsj dlsbv shtfq ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf sKsj
dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv kcdm zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jsv bfW.' zk}iv
mrfb iaHc kfv sn ncifdvw oarB jsv sbshb. (zf} 2/174, rf} 1/554)
19. svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA ƒr-ivjfstv JcwD W ncsJv srkc. spmb mrfbhD 
hstb, ªsvfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY 2de JcwD; iaKm JcwD rt ƒIkfv jvfv nmq ˆhQ
däkDq JcwD rt iadkiftsjv ndrk nf[fskv nmq.« (hc} 1085, mc} 1151bQ)
svfpflfsvv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq sp JcwD, kf rt snƒ ncJ W kxdåv ˆjde bmcbfmfÛ; pf
mcdmb hAdÙÁ dbu iaHcv zfbcokA W kfjWqfv mfLAsm zuGb jsv Kfsj. zfv
iajxkia²Àfsh ˆefƒ rt zfnt ncJ. ˆƒ ncJ W kxdå lcƒHfsh zbcHCk rsq Kfsj }-
(j) zfïfr kfzftf ‰ ƒIkfsvv nmq svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv ShL jsv dlsqsYb.
zfv db}ns¦lsr mfbcsNv iajxdk ˆƒ sp, (dhswN jsv dJsl Kfjf zh²¿fq) Jfhfv slJst
mb zfbs¦l sbsy WsE. zfv ˆ ubAƒ kf huGb jvf rt zfïfrv ƒhflk.
(J) sn mcrCskG svfpflfv kfv ˆjde svfpf n©iâ jsv Kfsj. nckvfQ zfïfrv kWIDj
zbcpfqD sn sndlbjfv svfpf W ƒhflk sp iftb W iCBG jvsk ifvt, kfvƒ JcwD kfv
mbsj zfs¦lfdtk jsv skfst. (lcvf} 17ix})
i[f§Àsv nhsysq hV JcwD pf, kf vsqsY ivjfst; pJb k]fv ndrk nf[f{ rsh p]fv
ubA svfpflfv svfpf svsJ Kfsj.
20. svfpf rt ivsrpofv W sbj stfjslv seºdbQ-mqlfb; pfv mfsU zfïfrv slWqf
ixdKhDv sJtfIskv lfdqk¶ iftb jvfv …iv dbsuslv jkGshAv dhdHâ seºdbQ dbsq
Kfsj. htf hfùtA, svfpf slr-msbv ubA ˆjde hV vrmk. svfpfv mfsUƒ r™lq W
njt dy§Àf-Hfhbf zfïfr kfzftfv nfsK pcÙÁ Kfsj. njt msbfht k]fv Hfstfhfnf,
zfbcokA W k]fv isK durfslv jfsu hdLGk W nQhÝ rsq Kfsj. pfv iÇyfsk …sÜwA
Kfsj ˆƒ sp, zfïfrv hfBDƒ nmcâk srfj ˆhQ jfsIvslv hfBD srfj zhbk; sn jfsIv
spmbƒ srfj, kfv sp bfm hf …ifdL srfj zKhf sp iakDjƒ srfj. (Ifƒp} 107ix})
21. svfpf rt jdy-j]fyf dwðv msbv mfdesk `zfmfbklfvD'v hDu svfiB jvfv ˆj
hf²ÀhdHdÙj ƒdkhfyj W jfpGjv iadÛÁqf. dwð-djswfvsj svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD jvfv
nmq pJb kfsj ifbfrfv jvsk dbsNL jvf rq ˆhQ Jfhfv W ifdb rfskv jfsY Kfjf
nsÙ¶W sn ðLc ˆƒ dhw¶fsn kf sJsk ifsv bf sp, ˆ dbsNL rt zfïfrv ˆhQ dkdb kfsj
slJsYb. zKy ˆ hAfifsv sjht kfv mb W dhshj YfVf zbA sj… ipGsh[j sbƒ.
nckvfQ j]fyf msb zfmfbklfvD hÝmCt jvsk ˆƒ zbcHCdk zsi[f zdLj
iadkdÛÁqfwDt zfv zbA dj rsk ifsv?
pfv Ist Swwh sKsjƒ dwð zfmfbklfvDv mk ˆj SbdkjkfiCBG jsmG zHAfnD rsq

osV WsE ˆhQ hq}iafå rWqfv isvW kfv pKfKG drIfpk jvsk W kfv msb kf
zfuDhb hrft vfJsk sjfb iajfv jóshfL jsv bf. (nfvf} 39ix})
22. svfpf mfbcsNv r™lqsj bvm jsv, zfïfr-siamD jsv ˆhQ nhGlf k]fv dpjXv W
ðjXv jvsk zHAfnD jsv.
23. svfpf mfbcsNv mfsU wqkfsbv iashw W iahfr-iK v¢Ý jsv. ˆv Ist kfv slr-
msb wqkfsbv zfdLikA jsm pfq. i[f§Àsv pJbƒ mfbcN dbu iahxdÙv tfofm sYsV
slq, kJbƒ wqkfb kf tcsI dbsq kfsj spdlsj ƒ¤Yf sndlsj idvyfdtk jvsk Kfsj.
(Ifƒp} 108ix})
24. svfpf rt zfïfrv slWqf sbqfmskv ðjXdvqf zflfq jvfv zbAkm mfLAm.
jfvB, svfpf rt ifbfrfv W spZbdmtb sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm. zfv mfbcsNv …iv
zfïfrv sp njt hV hV sbqfmk vsqsY kfv msLA ifbfrfv W spZbdmtb rt zbAkm.
nckvfQ mfbcN ˆ sbqfmskv jlv kJbƒ hcUsh, pJb sn ˆ sbqfmk sKsj dbdlGójft
ipG§À hdÑk Kfjsh. jfvB, rfdvsq bf sost sjfb sbqfmskv jlv hcUf pfq bf. zfv
pJbƒ …ÙÁ sbqfmskv jlv sn hcUsh, kJbƒ kfv zhdwó zdLjfv zflfsqv ubA
ðjXdvqf Îfib jvsh. i[f§Àsv sbqfmskv ðjXv zflfq jvf Ivp; wvDqsk ˆhQ
dhshj mskW. svfpfv zfqfsk mrfb zfïfr ‰ jKfv iadk ƒdÌk jsvƒ hstb,
))‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻭﻟﻌ‬  ‫ﹸ‬    ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱠ‬(( zKGf{, pfsk skfmvf ðjXv zflfq jv. (jc} 2/185)
svfpflfv pJb [cLfv u¶ftf zbcHh jsv, kJb sn snƒ ovDh-db}öslv jsóv jKfW
…itdé jsv; pfvf [cLfv nmq sise ˆj mcsEf zâW spfofV jvsk nmKG bq. ˆv Ist
‰ …itdé kfsj kfslv ubA lfb-Jqvfk jsv nrfbcHCdk iajfw jvsk …äcÝ jsv.
jfvB, dbsuv slJf dhNq swfbf dhNsqv mk bq. dbsuv slJf W ivD[f jvf dhNsq
zdHÎkfté iakDdk us¦m zdLj. spmb ˆjub sOfVnWqfv stfj iK ytfv jó
kk[B zbcHh jvsk n[m bq; pk[B bf sn dbsu ifsq sr]se iK yst slsJsY.
(Ifƒp} 14ix}, 70} 4bQ)
25. svfpfv mfLAsm svfpflfv [cLf-udbk lchGtkfv Ist sn zfïfrv jkef mcJfsi[D
kf zf¦lfu jvsk ifsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ dbsuv mfsU dbsuv lchGtkf dybsk ifsv, sn
hAdÙÁv dmKAf zrQjfv lCvDHCk rsq pfq. iv§Â zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iadk vrm jsvb, sp
dbsuv jlv dbsu susbsY. (ƒkrfI 45ix})
26. svfpfsk svfpflfv dIdvñfmàtDv zbcv™i jsmG wfdmt rsk ifsv; sp
dIdvñfmàtD zfïfrv sjfb iajfv zhfLAfyvB jsvb bf. k]fvf kfƒ jsvb, pf jvsk
k]fslv iadkiftj k]fslvsj zfslw jsvb. dlhfvfÛ knhDr ifE jvsk Kfsjb ˆhQ
sjfb iajfv j½fd§ÀshfL jsvb bf. p]fvf Jfb bf ˆhQ ifbW jsvb bf. (‰ 45ix})
27. svfpf svfpflfsvv „mfb hxdÝ jsv. ˆƒ svfpfsk mfbcN zdLjfdLj bfmfp isV,
jcvzfb sktfzk W dpjXv jsv, lfb-Jqvfk jsv, lczf W ƒd²ÀoIfv kKf kWhf jsv,
Wqfp-bnDrk swfsb. svfpf kfsj m¦l jfu jvsk hfLf slq. htf hfùtA, ˆ nsh ifi

há Kfsj ˆhQ „mfb hdLGk rq. (‰ 45ix})
28. svfpfv mfsn svfpflfsvv äDbD Îfb hdLGk rsq Kfsj. jfvB, vmpfb rt ƒhflskv
mfn, zfïfrv zfqfk dbsq Hfhbf-dy§Àf W oshNBf jvfv mfn. jcvzfb mfuDl sktfzk
jvf W swfbfv mfn. (nfvf} 41ix})
29. ˆ mfsn äDsbv zfrhfqjslv ubA vsqsY nchBG ncspfo. ˆ mfsn zdLjfQw mcndtm
ubnfLfvB mnduslv dlsj Lfdhk rq. ˆslv msLA sj… hf kfv uDhsb iaKmhfv iashw
jsv, sj… hf zsbj dlb rt mndul kAfo jsvdYt. ˆ nmq kfslv r™lq ˆj iajfv
lctGH bmakf W kvÌfdqk HdÙÁsk olXolX jsv.
nckvfQ ˆ ncspfsov näAhrfv jsv mb-otfsbf …islwmftf ˆhQ …ipcÙÁ Wqfp W lnG
iasqfo jsv kfslv „mfb hfVfsk nfrfpA jvf …dyk. zfv ˆ jfsu zhwAƒ n{ W
zfïfrHDdkv jfsu nrfqkf rsq Kfsj. (nfvf} 41ix})
iv§Â vmpfsbv svfpf hYvfs§À ˆjhfv Ivpv™si ˆsn Kfsj. pf rsÏv mk uDhsb
ˆjhfv bq. pfsk iaskAj hYv „mfbD lsnGv icbvfhxdÙ rq ˆhQ svfdik „mfbD hx[
nrnfq shsV WsE.
30. svfpfv mfLAsm mcndtmslv nfmfduj …ijfdvkf nfLb rsq Kfsj. svfpf rt
mcndtm ufdkv ‰sjAv dblwGb, nfvf …©mfrv mfsU nQrdkv iakDj, ovDh-LbDv mfsU
nfmA W n©iaDdkv dyrÁ. ˆsk zfm-Jfn, zfkvfI-zfwvfI, zfmDv-IjDsvv sHlfsHl
yCBG rsq pfq. njstv msb ˆjefƒ shfL ufso sp, mcndtm ufdk rt ˆj ufdk. njst
ˆjƒ nmsq ifbfrfv jsv, ˆjƒ nmsq svfpf vfsJ. ˆjƒ ufmfzfsk mndusl kfvfhDrv
bfmfp isV. spb njstv r™lq ˆj, mfn ˆj, jmGW ˆj, pfslvsj kfslv bhD 
hstsYb, kfvf rt ˆjde slsrv mk.
31. svfpfv …ihfn öfs²¿Av ubA hV …ijfvD. svfpfsk kctbfmCtjHfsh jm JfWqf
rq ˆhQ dbdlGó nmq Lsv ifj²¿tDsj dhvdk slWqf rq. ˆv Ist wvDsvv sml, sj½l W
zfûGkf ƒkAfdl lCvDHCk rsq pfq. (InCt} 8ix}) zfv ˆjKf dhdlk W öDjxk sp, wvDsvv
msLA sie rt svfsov hfnf ˆhQ hAh²¿fdik W dbqd§Ãk JflA zfrfv jvf rt swaô
dydj{nf. htf hfùtA, ˆ jKf hù dydj{njƒ öDjfv jsvsYb sp, svfpfsk vsqsY hù
lDOG²¿fqD hAfdL sKsj dbvfiÙf, dhswN jsv p[¹f, jAfbnfv ƒkAfdl.
svfpfq vsqsY wvDsvv Wub hxdÝ, rAfifefƒden, udàn, i½Drf, pjx{, hlrum, iaHxdk
svfsov dydj{nf.
svfpf Ivp rsqsY nc²¿ mfbcsNv …iv. pfsk zfÛÁmsBv iCshGƒ ‰ njt hf zfsvf
zufbf hù svfsov rfk sKsj h]fyfv …ifq ifWqf pfq. kfYfVf hù oshNBf ˆ jKf
iamfB jsvsY sp, ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjf ˆjde iajxdkok hAfifv; pf mrfb nxdójkGf
dbqdmkHfsh dbdlGó nmq hAfiD uDhuoskv ubA zdbhfpG jsvsYb. zfv kf ðLc ˆƒ
ubA sp, pfsk jsv iafBDuo{ L¶Qsnv rfk sKsj v[f ifq, h]fyfv ubA wdÙÁ ifq ˆhQ
dbu dbu hQwdh²Àfsv pKfdbqsm ndÛÁq Kfjsk ifsv.

uDhu§Â W jDeiksÌv …ihfn jvfv jKf zsbsjv zufbf bq. sjfb sjfb u§Â tìf
nmq Lsv iafq jsqj mfn pfh{ …ihfn jsv. sjfb sjfb u§Â jsqj dlb Lsv …ihfn
jsv. hvQ …dßluo{W …ihfn iftb jsv Kfsj. pfv Ist bkcb, nc¦lv W tjtsj
ifkf shv rsq zfsn ˆhQ wf§À wDsk dbûfv iv Ict-Ist ncswfdHk rsq wdÙÁwftD W
nuDhv™si ðv¢ rq hx[-kv¢tkfv zfb¦lmq hn§Àjft.
Ff} nstfmb mfbh-slrsj ƒdÓsbv nfsK kctbf jsv hstb, `ƒdÓb v[fjs¬i msLA
msLA Fsj dbqf ycdï rƒsk Yfƒ W zÌfv n©iCBGv™si db°jfdwk jvf spmbef zfhwAj -
…ihfn äfvf msLA msLA ifj²¿tD rƒsk zuDBG JflAde db°jfdwk jvfW skmbef
lvjfv.' (hfQtf dmwjfk 4/263)
32. svfpf mfbcsNv dy§ÀfwdÙÁv iaJvkf hxdÝ jsv. jfvB, sie Jfdt Kfjst dy§Àf-
oshNBf dbmGt rq ˆhQ mb-mosuv jmG nc¦lv rq.
i[f§Àsv pfvf LfvBf jsv sp, svfpf mfbcsNv Jvy hfVfq ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ zKG hAq rq
ˆƒ svfpfv mfsn, kfslv LfvBf ndEj bq. sjbbf, Jfhfsvv bfbfb HAfvfƒdeu SkvD jvf
ˆhQ iasqfusbv kctbfq shwD Jfhfv ia²Âk jvf, vmpfsbv ubA dhswN dhswN Lvb W
hvsbv JflAisBAv dhiBb Oefsbfsk ƒntfsmv zbcsmflb sbƒ. hvQ kf rt ziyq.
zfv ziyq ƒntfsm dbdNÝ; vmpfsb ˆhQ zbA mfsnW.
htfƒ hfùtA sp, svfpfsk vsqsY mÌtƒ mÌt. hAdÙÁ W nmfsuv ubA lcdbqf W
zfsJvfsk snƒ mÌt zböDjfpG. zfv mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBDv msLA snƒ mÌstv
iadkƒ ƒdÌk jvf rsqsY. dkdb hstb,
)‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ِ  ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ٌ     ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬(
zKGf{, skfmfslv svfpf vfJfefƒ skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv; pdl skfmvf …itdé jv.
(jc} 2/184)
däkDq zLAfq
sssvvvfffpppfffvvv iiiaaajjjfffvvvsssHHHlll
svfpf rt lcƒ iajfv; Ivp (hfLAkfmCtj) W bIt (zdkdvÙÁ). Ivp svfpf zfhfv 3
iajfv; vmpfsbv svfpf, jfIXIfvfv svfpf ˆhQ bpv mfbf svfpf.
ˆ[sB vmpfsbv svfpf nQÛÁf§À dhdHâ mfnfsqt zfstfybf jvh.
vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffbbb
vmpfsbv svfpf zfïfrv djkfh, k]fv vnCt -ˆv rflDn W mcndtm …©mfrv ƒumf'
(nhGn©mdk) msk dyvjfstv ubA Ivp.
jcvzfb jfvDsm mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp
jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf

ivsrpofv rsk ifv. kf dbLGfdvk jsqj dlb---.« (jc} 2/183-184)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb
W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp
sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185)
rflDsn mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒntfsmv dHdÙ rt 5de jmG; zfïfr YfVf sj… ndkAjfsv
…ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl  k]fv vnCt (lCk) -ˆƒ jKfv nf[A slWqf, bfmfp jfsqm
jvf, pfjf{ ialfb jvf, vmpfsbv svfpf vfJf ˆhQ nfmKGA Kfjst jf'hfoxsrv rÏ
jvf.« (hc} 8, mc} 16bQ, dk}, bf})
rpvk kftrf dhb …hfƒlcïfr  hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -sj duÎfnf jvt, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv …iv zfïfr dj dj svfpf Ivp jsvsYb kf zfmfsj hst dlb.'
…Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªvmpfb mfsnv svfpf.« stfjde htt, `ˆ YfVf zbA djYc dj
zfmfv jkGhA zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf, ksh pdl kcdm bIt svfpf vfJ, kfrst dHâ
jKf.« (hc}, 1891, mc})
zfv mcndtm …©mfr ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp. kf ƒntfsmv zbAkm
v¢jXb, Jc]de hf dHdÙ. ˆ Ivp rWqfv jKf nru …ifsq njstv ufbf. nckvfQ sp sj…
kf zöDjfv jvsh sn mcvkfÜX jfsIv. kfsj kWhf jvfv ubA zfrhfb jvf rsh.
kfsk sn kWhf jvst ˆhQ svfpf Ivp hst smsb dbst …Ùm. bsy{, (nvjfv) kfsj
jfsIv zh²¿fq rkAf jvsh. (dInc} 1/383, IcnCt 4-5ix})
vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffsssnnnvvv SSShhhdddwwwóóóAAA WWW kkkfffvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹AAA
vmpfb wède `vmXp' Lfkc sKsj …{idÙ. ˆv mfsb rt jdEb ovm, u¶fdtsq slWqf.
yf¦û mfnÈstfv pJb iafyDb bfm hfl dlsq zfvhD HfNfq bkcb bfm slWqf rq, kJb
vmpfb mfnde isv jdEb ovsmv nmq. zfv kfsjƒ dHdÙ jsv kfv `vfmfpfb' bfmjvB
jvf rq. zhwA vmpfb mfsnv svfpf Ivp rWqfv iv kfv bfm nfKGj rq. spsrkc …ÙÁ
mfsn [c{diifnfq svfpflfsvv sie u¶st Kfsj.
vmpfsbv mfsnv ˆjfdLj ˆmb ShdwóA vsqsY, pf zbAfbA mfsn sbƒ. spmb }-
1. ˆƒ mfsnv bfm jcvzfb mfuDsl …sïdJk rsqsY. (ûóhA jc} 2/185) i[f§Àsv zbA
mfsnv bfm …sïJ jvf rqdb.
2. ˆƒ mfn zfnfv nmq mrfbhD  k]fv nfrfhfoBsj ncnQhfl dlskb.
3. vmpfb rt hjGkmq idhÛ mfn. ˆ mfsn hjGk zhkDBG rq.
4. mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ mfsnv svfpf Ivp jsvsYb.
5. ˆƒ mfsn ufâfskv äfvnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq ˆhQ ˆjef äfvW há Kfsj bf.
6. ˆƒ mfsn vrmskv njt lvuf Jcst slWqf rq. (dnn} 1307, nuf} 471bQ)
7. ˆƒ mfsn ufrfâfsmv äfvnmCr v¢Ý jvf rq ˆhQ ˆjef äfvW sJftf Kfsj bf.

…sïJA sp, shsrsñv njt lvuf Jcst slWqfv jfvB rt, pfsk jsv zfmtjfvD kf
ðsb zfmst zfoar W …{nfr ifq ˆhQ kfsk iashw jvfv ubA ia²Âdk oarB jsv. zfv
slfpsJv njt lvuf há jvfv jfvB rt, pfsk zfmtjfvD ˆƒ mfsn ifsi dtå bf rq
ˆhQ kfsk iashw bf jsv hsn. ˆv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, sp hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfsn mfvf pfsh sn
dhbf drnfsh snfuf shsrsñ pfsh. (Ifdn} 22ix})
8. …¤Yx£Jt wqkfb ltsj ˆƒ mfsn h¦lD jsv vfJf rq. (hc} 180, mc} 1079bQ) zKGf{,
kfslvsj dwjt W shdV dlsq sh]sL zfesj vfJf rq. Ist kfvf vmpfsb snƒ ififyvB
Oefsk n[m rq bf, pkef zbA mfsn n[m rq. ˆ ubA slJf pfq sp, zbAfbA mfsnv
kctbfq ˆƒ mfsn wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf, yÛÁf§À ˆhQ mfbcNsj dhëf§À jvfv jfu jm Ose
Kfsj. hvQ wqkfb vmpfb mfnsj Hq jsv, spmb Hq jsv zfpfb W ƒjfmksj ˆhQ
kfv wè ðsb iflsk iflsk itfqb jsv.
dj§Â zfmvf ˆ mfsnW sp ififyvB W wqkfbD jmGjfà Oesk slsJ Kfdj kf …ÙÁ
jKfv dhsvfLD bq. jfvB, ifi sjht wqkfbƒ Oefq bf. hvQ m¦liahB mfbcsNv mbW
ˆmdbskƒ ifi jsv Kfsj. sp mb wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf nk¶v oarB jsv Kfsj ˆhQ
wqkfsbv kfnDv jm hf há rsq sostW snƒ mb dbsuƒ ifi nxdó jsv. ˆde rt
mfbcsNv `bfIXsn zf©mfvfr.' sp bfIXn hf mb wqkfsbv iadkdbdLk¶ jsv ˆhQ snƒ
ififyvB Odesq Kfsj. bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj. (lcv} 21ix})
9. vmpfb mfsn zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq. (hc} 1899, zf}, bf}, dnn} 1868bQ)
10. ˆƒ mfsn lczf jhct rq. mrfbhD  hstb, ª(vmpfb mfsnv) iaskAj vfsk W
dlsb iaskAj mcndtsmv lczf jhct jvf rq.« (hfppfv, nkf} 988bQ)
11. ˆƒ mfsn vsqsY ˆmb ˆjde vfdÛ, pf rfufv mfn zsi[f swaô. sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ
vfskv mÌt sKsj hdÑk rq, sn zfnst njt mÌt sKsj hdÑk. zfv ˆjf§À hdÑk
hAdÙÁ YfVf sn mÌt sKsj sj… hdÑk rq bf. (nƒmf} 1333, nuf} 3519bQ)
12. ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj vfsÛ ˆjub zfrhfbjfvD (dIdvñf) zfrhfb jsv hstb,
`Wsr jtAfBjfmD! kcdm zoanv rW. zfv Wsr m¦ljfmD! kcdm [f§À rW.'
13. ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfb zfïfr slfpJ sKsj mcndtm mcÙÁ jsv Kfsjb. (zf}
4/312, 5/411, bf}, nƒmf} 1331bQ)
14. vmpfb mfn rt nhv W SLspGv mfn. spsrkc svfpf YfVf zbA ƒhflsk snƒv™i
SLspGv ivD[f dlsk rq bf. mcndtm ˆƒ mfsn iCBG 30 hf 29de dlbƒ ifbfrfv, ²ÃD-dmtb
ˆhQ zbAfbA svfpfdhsvfLD njt jmG sKsj SLspGv nfsK dhvk Kfsj. kfƒ mrfbhD  ˆƒ
mfnsj `SLspGv mfn' hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. (nuf} 3803bQ) zfv dkdb hstsYb,
ªSLspGv (vmpfb) mfsn svfpf zfv iaskAj mfsnv dkbde svfpf z§Àsvv dhsäN W JeXjf
lCv jsv slq.« (hfpXpfv, k¶fh}, ƒdr}, nuf} 3804bQ)
15. vmpfb rt jcvzfsbv mfn. jcvzfb iEb-ifEb W sktfzskv mfn. iawQnfv
zdLjfvD dhÎfbmq zfïfrv kvI sKsj jcvzfb zhkDBG rWqfv mfn. ˆƒ mfsn

jcvzfb `tfWsr mfrICp' sKsj lcdbqfv zfnmfsbv iadk zhkDBG rq, zKhf jcvzfb
zhkDBG rsk ðv¢ rq ˆƒ idhÛ mfsn. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn
mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb
zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf
vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185)
zfv sjht jcvzfbƒ bq; hvQ zbAfbA zfnmfbD oa§¿nmCrW zhkDBG rsqsY ˆƒ
hjGkmq mfsnƒ. ªƒhvfrDsmv nrDIfnmCr zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfb mfsnv iaKm vfsk,
kfWvfk zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv nåm vfsk, ƒÓDt zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv 14km
vfsk, pfhCv zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv 19swv vfsk ˆhQ jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY
vmpfsbv 25swv vfsk.« (zf}, k¶fh}, nuf} 1497, dnn} 1575bQ)
16. vmpfb mfsn dhn¹qjv hV hV dhuq lfsbv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfr ƒntfmsj
nfrfpA jsvsYb, mcndtmslvsj mpGflf dlsqsYb. ˆƒ mfsnƒ hlv pcsÝ hlv iaf§Àsv
mcndtmslv zfLAfdk¹j wdÙÁmÙf, „mfbD dHdÙv nclxPkf ˆhQ iakDdkv zdhytkf iajfw
ifq. zfïfr kfzftf ˆƒ dlsb k]fslvsj nfrfpA jsvb ˆhQ wÛ¢v …iv dhuqD jsvb.
zóm druvDv vmpfb mfsn mÄf dhusqv mfLAsm zfïfr k]fslvsj nfrfpA jsvb. pfv
iv mcndtmvf d²¿dkwDtkf sistb ˆhQ ƒntfm iCBGv™si iadkôf tfH jvt. (nfvf} 8-13ix})
17. vmpfb mfsn sjfb sjfb zfmstv hùÈB nWqfh tfH rq. ˆ mfsn …mvfr zflfq
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK rÏ jvfv nmfb. (hc} 1863, mc} 1256, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf})
i[f§Àsv ˆ mfsnv svfpf vfJfv nWqfh iansÌ mrfbhD  hstb,
(j) ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb W dhÇhfsnv nfsK ˆhQ nWqfshv zfwf svsJ vmpfsbv svfpf
vfJsh kfvW iCshGjfv ifivfdw mfI rsq pfsh.« (hc} 38, 1908, mc} 760, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf})
(J) ªi]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp, ˆj ucmzfr rsk ziv ucmzfr ipG§À W ˆj vmpfb ziv
vmpfb ipG§À …Hsqv mLAhkDGjfstv nQOdek ifivfdwsj smfyb jsv slq; pdl jfhDvf
sofbfr sKsj lCsv Kfjf rq ksh.« (zf} 2/359, 400, 414, mc} 233bQ)
(o) ˆj hAdÙÁ mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY rfduv rsq zfvu jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
zfibfv zdHmk dj? pdl zfdm nf[A dlƒ sp, zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ
zfidb zfïfrv vnCt, i]fy-WqfÙÁ bfmfp idV, pfjfk zflfq jdv ˆhQ vmpfsbv svfpf
iftb jdv, kfrst zfdm jfslv ltHcÙÁ rh?' …Ùsv mrfbhD  htstb, ªkcdm
dnÜDj W wrDlosBv ltHcÙÁ rsh.« (hfpXpfv, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 989bQ)
dddhhhbbbfff WWWpppsssvvv sssvvvfffpppfff kkkAAAfffooo jjjvvvfffvvv nnnfffuuufff
sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁv lcde jfvB rsk ifsv; rq sn
kf Ivp hst zöDjfv jvsY ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde ƒhflk hst öDjxdk dls¤Y bf, (bf†pc
dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.) zfv bf rq sn zftsndm jsv kf vfJsY bf.
nckvfQ pdl sn svfpf Ivp hst zöDjfv jsv W hst sp, svfpf wvDqsk Ivp bq,

kfrst sn jfsIv W mcvkfÜX; spmb ˆ jKf iCshG htf rsqsY. jfvB, sn äDsbv
nhGhfdln©mk ˆmb ˆjde hAfifvsj zöDjfv jsv pf zfm-Jfn njstv is[ ufbf
nru ˆhQ pf ƒntfsmv ˆjde v¢jXb.
zfv kfv ˆƒ mcvkfÜX rWqfv Ist ˆjub mcvkfsÜv mft W idvhfsvv hAfifsv pf
dhLfb zfsY kf jfpGjv rsh. nvjfsvv jfsY sn rkAfspfoA zivfLD hst oBA rsh. kfv
sofnt-jfIb W ufbfpf rsh bf ˆhQ mcndtmslv sofv²¿fsb kfsj lfIb jvfW pfsh bf.
zhwA pdl sj… bWmcndtm rWqfv Ist zKhf ƒntfmD idvshw W …tfmf sKsj lCsv
Kfjfv Ist ˆ Lvsbv jKf hst Kfsj, kfrst kfv jKf dHâ.
i[f§Àsv pdl sj… zftsndm jsv svfpf bf vfsJ, kfrst Hqfbj jdEb wfd²À kfv ubA
zsi[f jvsY.
rpvk zfhC …mfmfr hfsrtD  jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm wcsbdY zfïfrv vnCt
 hstsYb sp, ªˆjlf zfdm Ocdmsq dYtfm; ˆmb nmq (ösi´) zfmfv dbje lcƒ hAdÙÁ
…id²¿k rstb. k]fvf zfmfv …Hq hfùv †L¶GfQsw Lsv zfmfsj ˆj lcoGm ifrfsVv dbje
…id²¿k jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfidb ˆƒ ifrfsV yVcb.' zfdm httfm, `ˆ ifrfsV
yVsk zfdm z[m.' k]fvf htstb, `zfmvf zfibfv ubA yVf nru jsv slh.' nckvfQ
zfdm ysV sotfm. zhswsN pJb ifrfsVv yCVfq dosq si]ZYtfm kJb shw djYc
dy{jfv-L¶db wcbsk sitfm. zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm `ˆ dy{jfv-L¶db jfslv?' k]fvf
htstb, `ˆ rt ufrfâfmhfnDslv yD{jfv-L¶db.' icbvfq k]fvf zfmfsj dbsq ytsk
tfostb. rEf{ slJtfm ˆjlt stfj kfslv ifsqv sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq (h]fLf
zh²¿fq) tejfsbf zfsY, kfslv jwocstf sjse W dY]sV zfsY ˆhQ jw shsq vÙÁW
UvsY. bhD  hstb, zfdm httfm, `Wvf jfvf?' k]fvf htstb, `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf
nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, hf} 4/216, rf} 1/430, nkf} 991bQ)
`Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.' svfpf vfJfv
isvW kfslv pdl ‰ zh²¿f rq, kfrst pfvf iCBG dlb mCstƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f
ˆhQ pfvf iCBG mfnƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f sp jk jv¢B, jk ndÌb kf zbcsmq!
mc²ÀfIf mcrf©mfl zf©mfvfr k]fv kfvoDshv eDjfq (2/109) hstb, `…ÙÁ rflDsnv HfhfKG
ˆƒ sp, mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj svfpf HÌjfvDslv zfpfh nìsá WqfsjIrft
jsvsYb. dkdb slsJsYb, kfslv snƒ lcvh²¿f; kfslv zfjfv-zfjxdk dYt hV mmGfd§Àj
W dbjxó. jdEb p§ÃBfq kfvf jcjcv W sbjsVv mk dy{jfv jvsY. kfvf nfrfpA iafKGbf
jvsY zKy sjfb nfrfpAjfvD sbƒ. kfslv ifsqv swN iafs§À (sofVfdtv …iv smfef
dwvfq) ufrfâfsmv zf]jcdw dlsq jnfƒJfbfv phfƒ jvf Yfostv mk kfslvsj dbm´mcsJ
Ucdtsq vfJf rsqsY. zfv kfslv jw shsq mcJHdkG vÙÁ UvsY! zfwf jdv bfIvmfb
shsvfpflfv mcndtm n©ialfq ˆƒ zfpfshv jKf susb zfïfrv dbje kWhf jvsh ˆhQ
k]fv snƒ zfpfhsj Hq jsv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvsh.'
ƒmfm pfrfhD (v}) hstb, `mcdmbslv dbjse ˆ jKf d²¿v-dnÝf§À sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb

svfo W Wuv bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv, sn hAdÙÁ ˆjub hAdHyfvD W
mlAifqD sKsjW dbjxó. hvQ mcndtmvf kfv ƒntfsm ns¦lr sifNB jsv ˆhQ LfvBf jsv
sp, sn ˆjub bfd²Àj W Sbdkj SwdKtAiCBG mfbcN. (mfIf} 25/225, jf} 49ix}, dInc}
1/384, Ifvfvf} 20-21ix}, kfIfnfnf} 74ix})
kxkDq zLAfq
mmmfffnnn iiiaaammmfffBBB rrrssshhh dddjjjHHHfffssshhh???
vmpfb mfn iashw rWqf iamfB rsh lcsqv msLA ˆjHfsh }-
1. vmpfsbv y]fl slsJ. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﹾ‬‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﱠ‬  ‫ﹸ‬ ِ  ِ    ‫ﹶ‬(
zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185)
zfv mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv. dj§Â pdl
zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst oBbfq 30 icvf jsv bfW.« (hc} 1900, mc} 1080bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv. dj§Â pdl
zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.«
htf hfùtA, rflDsn ˆ dhNsq ±ió dbslGw vsqsY sp, vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rWqf kKf
kf ðv¢ jvfv hAfifvef y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGvwDt. zfv ˆv mfsbƒ rt, y]fl bf slJf
ipG§À svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ.
nnnfff[[[AAA äääfffvvvfff mmmfffnnn iiiaaammmfffBBB }}}
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﺞ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻠﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻳ‬  ‫ﹾ‬  ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ  ِ    ِ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ِ َ ِ    ‫ﹸ‬‫ﹶ‬ (
zKGf{, Wvf zfibfsj bkcb y]fl n©isjG duÎfnf jsv. ht, kf rt mfbcN W rsÏv
ubA nmq dbslGwj. (jc} 2/189)
mrfb zfïfr y]flsj mfbcsNv ubA nmq-dbslGwj drnfsh nxdó jsvsYb. ˆv äfvf mfbcN
dbsuslv ƒhflk W ifdKGh uDhsbv nmq W kfvDJ dbLGfvB jvsk ifsv. nckvfQ hf¦lfv
iadk k]fv Jfn vrmk ˆƒ sp, dkdb Ivp svfpf ðv¢ rWqfv dhNqef ˆjde ˆmb ±ió
dudbn W iaje dysrÁv …iv dbHGvwDt jsvsYb, pf njt mfbcNƒ ufsb.
zhwA svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfv ubA ˆ wkG bq sp, iaskAj mcndtmsjƒ y]fl slJsk
rsh. hvQ djYc nQJAj stfj slJst, hvQ - ndEj msk - ˆjub slJstƒ; pdl sn
dbHGvspfoA W dhw¶²À hAdÙÁ rq, kfrst kfv slJf msk njstv ubA svfpf vfJf uv¢vD
rsq pfsh. zhwA kfslv njstv ys¦ûv …lq-²¿t ˆj rq ksh. (Ifvfvf} 28ix})
ƒhsb …mfv  hstb, ˆjlf stfsjvf bkcb y]fl slJsk umfsqk rt. zfdm zfïfrv
vnCt -sj Jhv dltfm sp, zfdm y]fl slsJdY. dkdb zfmfv ˆ Jhsv svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ

stfsjslvsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw jvstb. (zflf} 2342, lf} 2/4, ƒdr} 871bQ, rf}
1/423, lfvf}, hf} 4/212, ƒo} 4/16)
2. vmpfb iashw rWqfv jKf iamfB jvfv däkDq …ifq rt, (y]fl slJf bf
sost) wf'hfb mfnsj 30 dlb iCBG jsv sbWqf. (zhwA ˆv ubA wkG rt wf'hfb mfsnv
ðv¢v drnfh vfJf.) ˆ hAfifsv iCshG …sïdJk lcde rflDn zfmfslvsj iKdbslGw jsv.
pfsk htf rsqsY, ªpdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv
bfW.«
sssuuuAAAfffdddkkkNNN---oooBBBbbbfffvvv ………iiivvv dddbbbHHHGGGvvv jjjvvvfff pppfffssshhh bbbfff }}}
…ipGcÙÁ lcde …ifq YfVf zbA …ifsq mfn iashw rWqfv jKf iamfB jvf pfsh bf.
nckvfQ suAfdkN-oBbf hf idÓjf msk vmpfb mfn Lsv dbsq svfpf Ivp rsh bf. htf
hfùtA, pdl suAfdkNDslv drnfh msk zfusjv vfk vmpfsbv iaKm kfvDJ rq, dj§Â
náAfq sj…ƒ y]fl bf slsJ Kfsj, kfrst svfpf vfJf pfsh bf. spsrkc wvDqk svfpf vfJfv
dhLfbsj ˆjde hfdrAjHfsh …ité dudbsnv …iv dbHGvwDt jsv dlsqsY. zfv kf rt
y]fl slJf. (mcm} 6/314) kf YfVf idÓjfv drnfh dbHGct bq. ˆj ˆtfjfq nyt rstW
zbA ˆtfjfq zyt. zkˆh kfv …iv Hvnf jsv syfJ hcsu svfpf vfJf ShL bq.
idÓjfv drnfshv …iv dbHGv jvfv jKf wvDqk W dhshsj öDjxk bq. sjbbf,
mcndtm …©mfr rpvk mcrf©mfl -ˆv bhczk jft sKsj dbsq zfuW ipG§À y]fl
slJfv …ivƒ dbHGv jsv; drnfshv …iv Hvnf bf jsv, sjht mrfbhD -ˆv zbcnvsB
svfpf svsJ zfnsY. sp n©mfdbk bhD  hstb, ªzfmvf rtfm dbv[v ufdk. zfmvf
dtJfiVf ufdb bf ˆhQ drnfhW ufdb bf. mfn jJsbf ˆƒ vjm rq, jJsbf ˆƒ vjm
rq. zKGf{, jJsbf 29 dlsb rq ˆhQ jJsbf 30 dlsb.« (hc} 1913bQ)
rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv …ÙÁ rflDsnv eDjfq hstb, ˆJfsb `drnfh' htsk `suAfdkND
drnfh'sj hcUfsbf rsqsY. zfv kJb ˆ drnfh Jchƒ jm nQJAj stfj YfVf sj…ƒ
ufbk bf. kfƒ svfpf vfJf ˆhQ zbAfbA hAfifv y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGvwDt jsv slWqf
rsqsY. pfsk ˆ dhNsq stfsjvf zncdhLf kKf suAdkND oBbfv jó sKsj svrfƒ ifq.
ivhkGDjfst djYc stfj ˆ drnfh dwJstW svfpf vfJf-bf vfJfv dhNqef ˆƒHfshƒ
ytsk Kfjt. hvQ rflDsnv iajfwA …dÙÁ mCtk} drnfshv …iv dbHGv bf jvskƒ ƒdÌk
jsv. zfv ˆ jKf zfsvf ±ió jsv slq iCshGfÙÁ rflDn. pfsk htf rsqsY, ªpdl zfjfsw
smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.« ˆJfsb ˆ jKf htf rqdb sp,
pdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst suAfdkNDslvsj duÎfnf jsv bfW.«
ˆƒ dhLfsbv iÇyfsk pcdÙÁ ˆƒ sp, zfjfw zidv°jfv Kfjfv nmq nQJAf iCvB jsv
dbst kfsk njt zfÎfiafå mcndtm nmfb rsq pfsh ˆhQ ˆv Ist kfslv msLA sjfb
iajfv mksHl W UoVf zhdwó Kfjsh bf. (Ihf} 4/151)

yyy]]]ffflll ssslllJJJfffvvv uuubbbAAA lllCCCvvvhhhDDDbbb hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}}
y]fl slJfv ubA lCsvv dudbn jfsYv jsv slJfv p§Ã lCvhDb hAhrfv jvf slfNfhr bq.
zhwA lCvhDb hAhrfv jvf hf y]fl slJfv ubA kf ÛÁq jvf Wqfsuh bq. jfvB,
hfdrAjHfsh ncâfr ˆ jKfƒ dbslGw jsv sp, ˆv ubA öfHfdhj lwGsbv …iv dbHGv rsh,
zöfHfdhj sjfb lwGsbv …iv bq. khcW pdl sjfb dhw¶²À hAdÙÁ ‰ ps§Ãv mfLAsm y]fl
slsJ Kfsj, kfrst kfv ‰ slJfv …iv zfmt jvf pfsh. hù iChG pcsoW stfsjvf 29sw
wf'hfb hf 29sw vmpfb …]yc …]yc dmbfsv ysV ‰ swaBDv ps§Ãv mfLAsm y]fl slJk. pfƒ hf
srfj, sp sjfb mfLAm W …ifsq, sp sjfb iajfsv y]fl slJf sost snƒ slJfv …iv zfmt
jvf uv¢vD rsh. sjbbf, mrfbhD -ˆv hfBD ˆ hAfifsv nfLfvB. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf
y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv.« (48} 31ix})
………lllqqq²²²¿¿¿ssstttvvv dddhhhdddHHHâââkkkfff }}}
zdHÎslv ‰jAmsk y]fslv …lq²¿t dHâ dHâ ˆhQ …lqjftW zbcv™i. zfv ˆƒ
dHâ …lqjfstv Istƒ sjfKfW y]fl slJf pfq, sjfKfW pfq bf. nckvfQ …lq-²¿t dHâ
rst iaskAj ˆtfjfv ubA ixKj lwGb uv¢vD. i[f§Àsv …lq²¿t hf …lqjft ˆjƒ
rst ˆjƒ ˆtfjfHcÙÁ stfsjslv ubA 2/1 usbv lwGb zbcpfqD zfmt jvf Wqfsuh
rsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb
ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185)
zfv pfslv …lq²¿t Wslv mk bq, kfslv ubA htf pfsh bf sp, Wvf y]fl slsJsY; bf
iajxkis[, zfv bf-ƒ zfifklxsó. zKy mrfb zfïfr kfslv ubA svfpf Ivp jsvsYb,
pfvf y]fl slsJsY. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l
jv.« ˆƒ zfÎfq svfpf vfJfv zfslwsj y]fl slJfv wkG-nfsi[ jvf rsqsY. htf
hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb ufqofq hfn jsv, sp ufqofv …lq²¿t sp y]fl slsJsY kfv
…lq²¿stv zbcv™i bq, sn hAdÙÁ (spsrkc kfv dbsuv ˆtfjfq sj… y]fl slsJdb
snsrkc) zfnst y]fl slsJdb; bf iajxkis[, zfv bf-ƒ zfifklxsó.
iv§Â mfdnj nmqjft iafkAdrj nmqjfstv mkƒ. nckvfQ spmb iaskAj slw
iafkAdrj snrvDv W ƒIkfsvv hAfifsv dHâ dHâ nmq hAhrfv jsv Kfsj, dEj skmdbƒ
mfdnj svfpf ðv¢ W swN rWqfv nmq dHâ dHâ rWqf uv¢vD. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp,
mcndtmslv ‰jAmsk Sldbj nmsqv ök§Ã iaHfh zfsY. kfƒ pfvf iafsyA hfn jsv kfvf
kfslv zfso snrvD JfWqf há jvsh; pfvf iakDsyA hfn jsv. zbcv™i iafsyAv stfj
iakDsyAv stfjslv iCshG ƒIkfv jvsh.
nckvfQ pJb Sldbj nmsq nCspGv …lqf²À jfstv dHâkf smsb dbsk hfLA, kJb kfvƒ
n©iCBG zbcv™i mfsnv hAfifsvW ys¦ûv …lqjfstv dHâkfsj smsb dbsk zfmvf hfLA.
zfv ˆ jKf htf jfsvf ubA pcdÙÁ nÌk rsh bf sp, spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv
skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf

skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY.« (jc} 2/187) ˆhQ mrfbhD  hstb, ªvfk pJb ˆdlj
(iChG ooB) sKsj zfok rsh, dlb pJb ˆdlj (idÇym ooB) sKsj dhlfq sbsh ˆhQ nCpG
pJb z²À pfsh, kJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jvsh.« (hc} 1941, mc} 1100, 1101, zflf} 2351,
2352, dk}, lf})
zfv ˆ jKf sj… htsk ifsv bf sp, …ÙÁ dbslGw nfvf dhsw¶v njt slswv mcndtmslv
ubA hAfij.
jcvfƒh hstb, ˆjlf …©mct IfpXt dh§Ât rfsvN zfmfsj wfm slsw mczfdhqfv dbje
ifEfstb. zfdm wfm (dndvqf) si]ZsY k]fv iasqfub iCBG jvtfm. zk}iv zfmfv wfsm
Kfjf jfstƒ vmpfb ðv¢ rt. (hxr±idkhfv dlhfok) ucmzfv vfsÛ y]fl slJtfm.
zk}iv mfsnv swN dlsj mlDbfq ˆtfm. zfècïfr dhb zfêfn  zfmfsj y]fslv
hAfifsv duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmvf jsh y]fl slsJY?' zfdm httfm, `zfmvf ucmzfv
vfsÛ slsJdY.' dkdb htstb, `kcdm dbsu slsJY?' zfdm httfm, `uD rA]f. zfv
stfsjvfW slsJ svfpf svsJsY ˆhQ mczfdhqfW svfpf svsJsYb.' ƒhsb zfêfn 
htstb, `dj§Â zfmvf skf (ðÛÁhfv dlhfok) wdbhfv vfsÛ y]fl slsJdY. zkˆh zfmvf
30 iCBG bf rWqf ipG§À zKhf bkcb y]fl bf slJf ipG§À svfpf vfJsk Kfjh.' zfdm
httfm, `mczfdhqfv lwGb W k]fv svfpfv Jhv dj zfibfv ubA psKó bq?' dkdb
htstb, `bf. zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslvsj ˆ vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.' (mc} 1078 bQ)
wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) ˆƒ jKfsjƒ shwD iafLfbA dlsqsYb sp, sp
slswv stfj y]fl slsJsY kfslv ˆhQ kfslv nfmsbv (idÇym) slswv stfsjslv ubA
svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. zfv ˆ jKf oshNBf jsv iamfB jsvsYb sp, pJbƒ sjfb slsw y]fl
slJf pfsh, kJbƒ kfv ivhkGD (idÇymD) slsw y]fl zhwA zhwAƒ slJf pfsh. sjbbf,
sn slswv nCpG slvDsk z²À pfq. ˆƒHfsh pk slvDsk nCpG Fchsh, y]fl nCpG sKsj kk lCv
rsh ˆhQ kk …Ï¶t W ±ió rsh. …lfrvBöv™i pdl hfrvfƒsb y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst
kfv iÇyfskv slw buXl (dvqfp), drufp (mÄf-mlDbf), dmnv W mvsÄfskW svfpf
Wqfsuh rsh. i[f§Àsv kfv iChG dlsjv slw dr¦lX, dn¦lX W mf zvfzfb bfrfv (ƒvfb,
ifdj²Àfb W Hfvskv) stfjslv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh bf. (mcm} 6/321-322,
ƒhsb ƒnfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 15ix}, ƒhsb duhvDb, Ifdn} duvfƒnD 10ix})
klbcv™iƒ hfQtfslsw y]fl rsqsY hst ifjf Jhv ifWqf sost idÇymhfQtfv
stfsjslv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh; pdlW smsOv jfvsB snJfsb (idÇym hfQtfq)
y]fl bf slJf pfq.
sssjjj……… ˆˆˆjjjfff yyy]]]ffflll ssslllJJJsssttt dddjjj jjjvvvssshhh???
sp hAdÙÁ sjfb lCvhkGD ufqofq sKsj ˆjfjD y]fl slsJ; slJfsk kfv sjfb nfKD bf
Kfsj zKhf sn YfVf zbA sj… bf slsJ ˆhQ ˆ slJfv hAfifsv dbdÇyk rq, kfrst kfv
ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. jfvB, ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv nfLfvB hfBD rt,

)‫ﻤ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬  ‫ﹾ‬‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﱠ‬  ‫ﹸ‬ ِ  ِ  (
zKGf{, zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc}
2/185)
zfv mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ.«
dj§Â sn pdl wrv hf oafsm Kfsj ˆhQ wvqD zflftk hf drtft-jdmdev nfmsb kfv
nf[A siw jsv ˆhQ kfv sn nf[A vÜX jsv slWqf rq, kfrst ˆ zh²¿fq sn sofisb
svfpf vfJsh. pfsk iajfswA nmfsuv dhsvfdLkf iajfw bf rq. (mcm} 6/329, 48} 36ix},
zfnfƒ} 41-42ix})
jjjfffsssIIIvvv ssslllssswww hhhnnnhhhfffnnnjjjfffvvvDDD dddjjj jjjvvvssshhh???
sp mcndtmvf jfsIv slsw hfn jsv, spJfsb kfslv y]fl slJfv wvqD hAh²¿f sbƒ,
snJfsb kfvf dbsuvf y]fl slJf wvqDHfsh iamfB jvsk ifsv. kfvf dbsuvfƒ y]fl slJfv
lfdqk¶ hrb jvsh. djYc …tfmf W oBAmfbA stfj dmst drtft-jdmde oEb jvsh.
zk}iv k]fslv jfsY y]fl slJf iamfB rst iayfv-mfLAsm iayfv jvsh zKhf sedtsIfsbv
mfLAsm ˆj ˆj ˆtfjfv sbkx²¿fbDq stfj hf ƒmfmslvsj ufdbsq slsh.
i[f§Àsv ˆ jfu kfslv äfvf n©Hh bf rst; sn slsw dbsu dbsu y]fl slJf n©Hh bf
rst, dbjehkGD mcndtm slswv Jhv zbcpfqD svfpf-„l jvsh. (48} 35ix}, nfvf} 18ix})
dhswN jsv ‰ slw iCshG zhd²¿k rst ˆhQ wvqDHfsh y]fl slJfv jKf ±ióHfsh sOfNBf
jvf rst kf oarBspfoA. ˆ s[sÛ zfofmD jft svfpf hf „l htst, sn Jhsv zf²¿f vfJf
hf y]fl slJf iamfB rWqfv jKf Lvf pfq bf. zkˆh kJb mfn 30 iCBG jsvƒ svfpf-„l
jvf uv¢vD rsh.
nnn†††dddlllqqqfffvvv yyy]]]ffflll zzzbbbcccnnnfffsssvvv sssvvvfffpppfff---„„„lll yyytttssshhh bbbfff
iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, mcndtm sp slsw hfn jvsh, snƒ slswvƒ y]fl slJf
zbcpfqD svfpf-„l jvsh. sjbbf, mrfbhD  hstb, ªspdlb skfmvf svfpf vfJ, sndlb
svfpfv dlb, spdlb skfmvf „l jv, sndlb „slv dlb ˆhQ spdlb skfmvf jcvhfbD jv
sndlb jcvhfbDv dlb.« (dk}, dnn} 224bQ) nckvfQ n†lD zfvsh y]fl slJfv jKf iamfB
W sOfNBf jvf rst ˆhQ sp slsw ‰ mcndtm hfn jsv sn slw iCshG rst W snJfsb y]fl
slJfv jKf iamfB W sOfNBf bf rst sn n†dlqfv sOfNBf msk svfpf-„l jvsk ifsv bf.
spmb n†dlqfv ƒIkfvDv nmq zbcnfsv zbA slswv sj… ƒIkfvD jvsk ifsv bf.
(Ifdn}, mcndbl 20ix})
IIIuuusssvvvvvv iiivvv yyy]]]ffflll rrrWWWqqqfffvvv JJJhhhvvv sssiiisssttt
sp hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfn iashw (y]fl) rWqfv jKf Iusvv iv dlsbv sjfb zQsw ufbsk

ifsv kfv …dyk, (zfso djYc sJsq KfjstW) hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk
Kfjf. jfvB, sn dlb rt vmpfsbv isrtf kfvDJ. zfv vmpfsbv sjfb dlsb sjfb
oxrhfnD (zmcnfdIv) nc²¿ mfbcsNv ubA svfpf HÌjfvD sjfb dudbn hAhrfv jvf ShL bq.
dj§Â kfsj dj ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsk rsh? ˆ hAfifsv …tfmfslv mfsU mksHl zfsY.
zdLjfQw …tfmf msb jsvb sp, kfsj ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsk rsh. jfvB, sn (ifbfrfv
jsvsY, kf bf jvstW) (Iusvv zfso vfdÛ hf) dlsbv ðv¢ sKsj svfpfv dbqk jsvdb.
hvQ dlsbv djYc zQw kfv dhbf dbqsk zdkhfdrk rsq sosY. zfv dbqk YfVf djYc
ðÝ rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªnjt zfmt dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt ˆhQ
iaskAj mfbcsNv kfƒ iafiA rq, pfv sn dbqk jsv Kfsj.« (hc} 1, mc} 1907bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv iCshG vfdÛ sKsj dbqk bf jsv Kfsj, kfv svfpf
rq bf.« (bf}, lfvf}, hf}, ƒo} 914, nuf} 6534, 6535bQ)
htf hfùtA, ˆJfsb svfpf htsk Ivp svfpfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. jfvB, bIt svfpfv
dbqk dlsbv shtfq jvstW rsq pfq. ksh wkG rt, ƒdkiCshG sn spb svfpf bójfvD
sjfb dudbn hAhrfv bf jsv Kfsj. (ˆ jKf bIt svfpfv zLAfsq htf rsh ƒb
wfzfïfr.)
i[f§Àsv djYc …tfmf msb jsvb sp, ‰ dlb jfpf jvf uv¢vD bq. jfvB, (pdl sn sjfb
svfpf bójfvD dudbn hAhrfv jsvƒ sIstsY, kfrst) sn skf bf susbƒ jsvsY. zfv sp
bf susb djYc jsv, kfv bf ufbfef ˆjef oarBspfoA Wuv. (pfmf} 2/74, dnn} 6/251)
khcW htf pfq sp, jfpf jsv sbWqfefƒ iChG nkjGkfmCtj ils[i ˆhQ lfqmcÙÁ
rWqfv swaô iK. spsrkc mfbcsNv ˆjde dlb jfpf jsv sbWqf ˆhQ db}ns¦lsr dbsuv
lfdqk¶ iftb jsv sbWqf ns¦lsr iVf sKsj …Ùm. zfv mrfbhD  skf hstsYbƒ, ªsp
dudbn skfmfsj ns¦lsr sIst sn dudbnsj huGb jsv kcdm snƒ dudbn oarB jv, pf
skfmfsj ns¦lsr sIst bf.« (zf}, dk}, bf}, ƒdr}, k¶fh}, nuf} 3377-3378bQ) ˆjefƒ skf
dlb; pf jfpf jvf zdk nru ˆhQ sjfb jó sbƒ kfsk. dhswN jsv kfsk vsqsY
ns¦lsrv dbvnb, msbv wfd§À ˆhQ r™lsqv nf§À¶bf. (mcm} 6/343, 48} 37ix}, ƒhsb hfp,
Ifdn} mcndbl 19ix}, mh} 30/116)
zzzfffmmmvvvfff vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffnnnsssjjj dddjjj dddlllsssqqq öööfffoookkk uuufffbbbfffhhh???
vmpfb ˆmb ˆjde mfn, pfv vsqsY ˆk ˆk ShdwóA, ˆk ˆk mfrfk¹A. ˆƒ mfnsj
zfmvf dj dlsq hvB jvh? sjfbX dudbn dlsq kfsj `sJfw zfmsll` ufbfh?
ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj öfok ufbfsk lcƒ vjm lcƒ swaBDv mfbcN vsqsY;
iaKm iajfv mfbcN rt kfvf; pfvf ˆ mfn dbsq JcwD rq, ˆv zfomsb zfb¦lshfL jsv.
kfv jfvB, kfvf ˆ mfsn svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD. ˆ mfsnv njt jó hvB jvsk iaqfnD.
jfvB, kfvf ufsb sp, ƒrjfstv ncJ-ns©Hfo huGb jvst, kf ivjfst ifWqf pfq.
jfvB, kfvf …itdé jsv sp, ˆ mfn rt zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcoskAv ˆhQ k]fv

SbjeAlfkf zfmst iadkspfdokf jvfv dhwft smZnm. kfvf ufsb sp, zfïfr zfppf
zufïX ˆ mfsn sp nWqfh hf¦lfsj ialfb jvshb, kf zfv zbA sjfb mfsn jvshb bf.
nckvfQ diaq spmb kfv iahfnD diaqkm hf klsi[f diaqkv djYcv zfomsb zfb¦l ifq,
dEj kfvƒ mk vmpfsbv zfomsb kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqfsk zfÇyspGv djYc bq. ˆƒ
rt iaKm swaBDv mfbcN.
däkDq swaBDv mfbcN rt kfvf, pfvf ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj HfvD msb jsv, svfpfv jósj hV
msb jsv. nckvfQ pJbƒ ˆ mfsnv zfomb Ose, kJbƒ sn msb jsv kfv Osv spb ˆj
zhfdÒk smsrmfb ˆt. Ist ðv¢ sKsjƒ sn kfv O¦ef, dlb W vfk Èbsk Kfsj. zSLpG
rsq kfv dhlfq mcrCskGv zsi[f jvsk Kfsj. ˆj ˆjef dlb ifv rskƒ kfv zfb¦l
rq. idvswsN pJb „l zfnfv nmq rq, kJb ˆƒ mfn zdkhfdrk rWqf dbjehkGD
susb hÖ JcwD rq!
ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNvf ˆƒ mrdkiCBG mfnsj ˆƒ ubA HfvD msb jsv ˆhQ kfVfkfdV
zdkhfdrk rWqfv ubA zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jsv sp, kfvf kfslv zShL sHfo-
dhtfsn mÙ rWqf YfVfW ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv ƒkAfdl ncJ-ns©Hfso zdLjfdLj zHAfnD
Kfsj. zfv snƒ sHfo-dhtfn hAhrfv jvfv isK ˆƒ mfn kfslv ubA hfLf W z§Àvfq
rsq l]fVfq. ˆ mfn kfslv ncJ-…isHfsov iadkháj drnfsh zfomb jsv. pfv Ist
kfvf ˆƒ mfnsj iayà HfvD shfL jsv Kfsj.
zfsvf ˆjef jfvB ˆƒ sp, kfvf ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq, pfvf zfïfrv zfbcoskAv hAfifsv
hV zmsbfspfoD. ˆmb dj kfslv msLA zsbsj Ivp W Wqfsuh zfmstW ŠlfnA
ialwGb jsv Kfsj; spmb kfvf bfmfp isV bf. zk}iv ˆƒ mfn iashw jvst sjfb
sjfb zfmt kfvf jvsk ðv¢ jsv slq. dj§Â zfnst kfvf ‰ zfmst zHAfnD bq. pfv
Ist vmpfb mfndesjƒ HfvD msb jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 6-8ix})
htf hfùtA, zfïfrv sbj hf¦lfv ubA …dyk, ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj nkA W J]fde kWhf
dlsq; ifi huGb jsv ˆhQ icbvfq sn ifi bf jvfv ifÄf nQj¬i dbsq sJfw-zfmsll
ufbfsbf.
ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, nhGiajfv m¦l jfu sKsj dhvk rsq; dmKAfhfdlkf,
oDhk, zw½Dtkf, ofb-hfubf iaHxdk huGb jsv.
ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, jcvzfb sktfzk, lczf W dpjXsvv mfLAsm. zfv
sjfb ofItdkv mfLAsm kfsj öfok ufbfh bf.
ˆjub sbjjfv hstsYb, `zfqc skf ö¬i. nckvfQ ofItdk dlsq kfsj zfsvf z¬i
jsv dlW bf.' (kfIfnfnf} 65ix})
ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, zjxdÛm W nclxP nQj¬i, nc…¤y dr©mk W msbfht
äfvf, kfv dlbÈdtsj nchBG ncspfov™si sbj jfsu hAhrfv jvfv mfLAsm ˆhQ kfv idhÛ
nmqÈdtsj zpKf hAq bf jvfv mfLAsm.
ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, zfoar, ±ICdkG, …{nfr W …ÜDibfv nfsK, dbmGt

r™lsq ncnQhfl oarsBv nfsK ˆhQ shwD shwD jsv zfmt W ƒhflk jvfv ia²Âdk dbsq.
njt iajfv zftnA jfdesq, zdkdbûfv zdk idvrfv jsv ˆhQ kfv zfomsb
dhvdÙÁshfL ialwGb bf jsv.
zfv ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh bf, sJt-kfmfwfv mfLAsm; ifjG, mqlfb hf vf²Àfv
Lfsv hsn rfWqf sJsq vfdÛ ufovB jsv, zKhf kfn, sjvfm hf zbA sjfb sJtf sJst,
zKhf dedH, dHdFW, svdFW hf zbA sjfb ps§Ãv mfLAsm sbfQvf Ydh slsJ W ofb-hfubf
ðsb, zKhf ofdV dbsq ICdkGhfdu jsv, bfej-pfÛf hf dI¬mX slsJ.
Hfƒ mcndtm! ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj; ˆv dlb W vfdÛv iadkde mcrCkGsj zfibfv ˆj ˆjde
nchBG ncspfov™si Îfb jvf …dyk. nckvfQ ivjfstv ifsKq nQoar jvsk, jtAfsBv
Hfàfv idviCBG jvsk zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvsk sjfb iajfsvv zhÎf ialwGb jvf
…dyk bq. zdHÎ W ÎfbD mfbcN jtAfsBv smZnmnmCrsj srtfq rfvfsk yfq bf. hvQ
ncspfsov näAhrfv jsv ˆhQ mrfb iadkiftsjv jv¢Bf tfsHv njt jfu jvfv syófq
Kfsj. dhlfq dlsbv ubA isKv nìt nfsK jsv sbq. zfv sj ufsb Hfƒufb! rqskf hf
ˆƒ hYsvv mxk mfbcNslv svduófsv zfibfv bfmdeW dtJf zfsY! nckvfQ utdl jv¢b,
wDOa jv¢b. ˆJbW nmq zfsY, v[f ifWqfv n©Hfhbf zfsY, zfmt ðv¢ jsv dlb.
(lcvf} 108ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, vmpfb mfn zfok rWqfv nmq ˆj zivsj smfhfvjhfl ufbfsbf
slfNfhr bq. spsrkc mrfbhD  nfrfhfoBsj vmpfb mfn zfomsbv ncnQhfl dlskb
ˆhQ kfv iadk pk´ dbsk zbciafdBk jvskb. (70} 11bQ)
wwwfff'''hhhfffsssbbbvvv ssswwwNNN lllcccƒƒƒ hhhfff ˆˆˆjjjdddlllbbb sssvvvfffpppfff sssvvvsssJJJ
vvvmmmpppfffbbb hhhvvvBBB jjjvvvfff
iChGnkjGkfmCtjHfsh vmpfsbv ˆj dlb zfso sKsj svfpf vfJf ShL bq. jfvB,
vmpfsbv svfpf y]fl slJfv nfsis[. nckvfQ ˆ hAfifsv dbsusj Hfvoa²À jvf …dyk bq.
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf  jkGxj hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… spb vmpfsbv
zfso zfso ˆjde hf lcde svfpf bf vfsJ. zhwA ˆmb hAdÙÁv jKf dHâ, sp snƒ dlsbv
svfpf vfJfq zHAfnD. kfv …dyk, sndlsb svfpf vfJf.« (zf}, hc} 1914, mc} 1082, nczf})
ykcKG zLAfq
vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffqqq mmmfffbbbcccsssNNNvvv ssswwwaaaBBBDDDsssHHHlll
vmpfsbv svfpf iaskAj nfhftj, Îfbn©iâ, nfmKGAhfb, oxrhfnD (zmcnfdIv), nc²¿ W
njt hfLf sKsj mcÙÁ mcndtm bvbfvDv …iv Ivp. ˆƒ jKfsj dHdÙ jsv vmpfsbv
svfpfq ixdKhDv njt mfbcN jsqj Hfso dhHÙÁ rsq pfq. zfv iaskAj Hfsov vsqsY

ixKj ixKj zfrjfm W mfnfsqt. zfofmD idvs¤YlÈdtsk zfmvf snƒ nh jKfƒ
zfstfybf jvh - ƒb wfzfïfr.
(((111))) jjjfffsssIIIvvv
jfsIv hf zmcndtsmv ubA svfpf ˆ lcdbqfq zflfqspfoA Wqfsuh bq. sjbbf, sn
svfpf vfJstW kf ðÝ rsh bf ˆhQ zfïfrv lvhfsv jhctW rsh bf. spsrkc svfpf
(zbcv™i sp sjfb ƒhflk) ðÝ rWqfv zbAkm iaLfb wkG rt ƒntfm. (spmb wkG rt
ƒJtfn W mcrf©mflD kvDjf.) mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﷲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎﺗ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ِِ   ِ ِ ِ   ‫ﹶ‬‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﱠ‬‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ   ‫ﹶ‬‫ﹶ‬  ِ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺎﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬ِ ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬    ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬   ِ ‫ﹶ‬   (
zKGf{, Wslv zKG nfrfpA oarsB hfLf sjht ˆƒ dYt sp, Wvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj
zöDjfv jsv, bfmfsp SwdKstAv nfsK rfduv rq ˆhQ ˆjf§À zdb¤YfjxkHfshƒ lfb
jsv. (jc} 9/54)
htf hfùtA, lfsbv mk dudbn; pfv …ijfv zisvv …iv hskG -kf pdl jhct bf rq,
kfrst zbAfbA ƒhflk shwD jhct bf rWqfv jKf.
sjfb jfsIv pdl vmpfsbv dlsb ƒntfm oarB jsv, kfrst dlsbv zhdwófQw svfpf
bójfvD dudbn rsk kfsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh. sjbbf, mcndtm rWqfv nfsK nfsK svfpf
kfvW …iv Wqfsuh rsq pfq. zhwA ƒntfm jhct jvfv iCshG sp svfpf zdkhfdrk
rsq sosY kf zfv jfpf jvsk rsh bf. jfvB, sn nmq kfv …iv svfpf Wqfsuh dYt
bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﻒ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹶ‬    ِ ِ  ‫ﹶ‬‫ﹶ‬  ِ ‫ﱠ‬ِ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹸ‬(
zKGf{, jfsIvslvsj ht, pdl kfvf (jcIvD sKsj) dhvk rq, kfrst kfslv zkDskv
ifi mfI jsv slWqf rsh. (jc} 8/38)
zfv spsrkc stfsjvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso mcntmfb rk, zKy dkdb k]fslvsj
kfslv(ƒntfsmviCshG)YcsepfWqfbfmfp,pfjfkhfsvfpfjfpfjvskzfslwjvskb bf.
dj§Â mrfb zfïfr jft djqfmsk kf kAfo jvfv ubA ˆhQ zbcv™i äDsbv njt
Wqfsuh jmG kAfo jvfv ubA jfsIvslvsjW wfd²À slshb. sndlb mcdmbvf
jfsIvslvsj slfpsJ pfWqfv jfvB iansÌ sp iaw´ jvsh, snƒ jKf mrfb zfïfr
jcvzfb mfuDsl …sïJ jsv hstb,
)‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﺎﺋ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺽ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﻟ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ؟‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﹸ‬   ِ ِ  ‫ﹾ‬       ‫ﱠ‬‫ﹸ‬   ِ  ِ ‫ﹾ‬  ِ‫ﹾ‬     ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﱢ‬  ‫ﹾ‬  ِ    ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ِ  ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ 
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻧ‬  ِ ِ  ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ (
zKGf{, djsn skfmfslvsj nfjfv (ufrfâfsm) dbs[i jsvsY? kfvf htsh, zfmvf
bfmfpD dYtfm bf, dmnjDbsj zfrfpG lfb jvkfm bf, zbAfq zfstfybfjfvDslv nfsK

zfstfybfq spfo dlkfm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlbsj dmKAf msb jvkfm. (jc} 74/42-46)
(mcm} 6/331-332, Ifvfvf} 86ix}, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 26ix})
mcndtm svfpflfvslv nfmsb zmcndtmslv vmpfsbv dlsb ifbfrfv jvfq sjfb [dk
sbƒ. sjbbf, kfsk svfpflfv mcndtm zfïfr zfppf zufïfv iawQnf jvsh sp, dkdb
kfsj ƒntfsmv iadk iKialwGb jsvsYb; sp ƒntfsm vsqsY ƒrstZdjj W ifvstZdjj
ncJ. (kfslvsj slsJ) zfïfr kfzftfv iawQnf jvsh sp, dkdb kfslv ‰ (ëókfv)
zfil sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsqsYb; pfvf k]fv srlfqfskv zfstf oarB jsvdb. zfv dhdlk sp,
mcndtsmv ubA pdlW ˆ lcdbqfsk vmpfsbv dlsb wvDqskv zfƒb zbcpfqD ifbfrfv jvf
dbdNÝ, dj§Â djqfmskv dlb sn kfv …ipcÙÁ dhdbmq iafå rsh. sndlb kfsj htf rsh,
)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺌﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﺷ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬ِ  ‫ﹾ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬َ  ِ  ‫ﹾ‬‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ِ ‫ﹰ‬ ِ      ‫ﹸ‬‫ﹸ‬(
zKGf{, skfmvf ifdKGh uDhsb Hfstf jfu jsvdYst kfvƒ jfvsB (zfu) kxdåv nfsK
ifbfrfv jv. (jc} 69/24)
zhwA nfLfvB ²¿fsb zmcndtmslvsj iajfwAHfsh ifbfrfv jvsk hfvB jvsk rsh.
jfvB, kf ƒntfmD vfsóºv idvshswv iadkjCt. (48} 50-51ix})
(((222))) bbbfffmmmfffppp---kkkAAAfffoooDDD
sp hAdÙÁ bfmfp Ivp rWqfv jKf zöDjfv jsv ˆhQ ƒ¤Yfjxk kf kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁ
…tfmfslv nhGn©mkHfsh jfsIv. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ zhsrtfq ztnkfv lv¢b bfmfp
kAfo jsv, sn hAdÙÁW …tfmfslv ðÝ mkfbcnfsv jfsIv. mrfbhD  hstb, ªmfbcN
ˆhQ jcIv W dwsjGv mfsU (z§Àvft) bfmfp kAfo.« (mcndtm 82bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb,
ªzfmfslv mfsU W Wslv mfsU ycdÙÁƒ rt bfmfp. sp hAdÙÁ kf idvkAfo jsv sn
jfsIv.« (zf}, dk} 2621, ƒmf} 1079bQ, rf}, ƒdr}, nkf} 561bQ)
ˆJfsb jfsIv hf jcIXv htsk snƒ jcIXvsj hcUfsbf rsqsY, pf mfbcNsj ƒntfm sKsj
Jfdvu jsv slq. spsrkc mrfbhD  bfmfpsj mcdmb W jfsIvslv mfsU z§Àvft hst
dydrÁk jsvsYb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, jcIXvDv dmïk ƒntfmD dmïk sKsj dHâkv.
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ ‰ ycdÙÁ iftb bf jvsh sn jfsIvslv ˆjub. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, ùkfnf} 9ix})
zfècïfr dhb wfj¶Dj¶ …jfƒtD hstb, `bhD  -ˆv nfrfhfhx¦l bfmfp YfVf zbA sjfb
zfmt kAfo jvfsj jcIvD msb jvskb bf.' (dk} 2622, rf}, nkf} 562bQ)
htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ jfsIv iakDqmfb rsh sn hAdÙÁv svfpf W njt iajfv ƒhflk
ià rsq pfsh. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﻧ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬    ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠ‬    ‫ﹶ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬   ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹶ‬(
zKGf{, kfvf pdl dwjG jvk, kfrst kfslv jxkjmG ià rsq spk. (jc} 6/88)
klbcv™i snƒ njt svfpflfv pfvf sjht vmpfb mfsn bfmfp isV ˆhQ hfjD 11 mfn
bfmfp isV bf, kfvf zfnst zfïfrsj sLfjf slq. jk dbjxó snƒ ufdk, sp ufdk dbu

iftbjkGf zfïfrsj sjht vmpfb mfsnƒ dysb; zbA mfsn dysb bf. ˆƒ swaBDv
stfsjslv zvmpfsb bfmfp bf iVfv jfvsBƒ svfpfW ðÝ rsh bf.
ksh kfvf svfpf YfVsk zfdló hf …idló bq. sjbbf, svfpf vfJst kfslv ubA
mÌstvƒ zfwf jvf pfq. ˆsk kfvf äDsbv SbjeA sisk iaqfn ifsh. kfslv r™lsq sp
zfïfrHDdkecjc zfsY kfv mfsUƒ zfwf jvf pfq sp, kfvf kWhf jsv 12 mfn bfmfp
iVfW Lvsh. (²¿fqD …tfmf jdmde, Ifdn} mcndbl 28-29ix})
(3) dddwwwððð
bfhftj sYfe dwðv ubA svfpf Ivp bq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁ dbje sKsj
(ifi dtJfv) jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY; ÎfbwCbA ifostv dbje sKsj; pk[B bf sn
nc²¿ rsqsY. Ocm§À hAdÙÁv dbje sKsj; pk[B bf sn ufoak rsqsY. zfv dwðv dbje
sKsj; pk[B bf sn nfhftj rsqsY.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, rf}, nuf} 3512-3514bQ)
zhwA Îfbhfb dwð svfpf vfJst ðÝ rsh ˆhQ nWqfhW ifsh. zfv kfv dikf-
mfkfv ubAW vsqsY kvdhqk W Hfstf jfsuv dbslGw slWqfv nWqfh.
nckvfQ zdHHfhjslv …dyk, svfpf vfJsk n[m sYfe dwðslvsj svfpf vfJsk
zfslw jvf, …{nfr dlsq kfslvsj ˆƒ dhvfe ƒhflsk zHAfnD jvf ˆhQ kfv ubA
…äcÝjfvD icvõfv W …irfv dbLGfdvk jvf. mrfbhD -ˆv nfrfhfoB dbu dbu sYfe
hf¤yfslvsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlskb. v¢hfƒsq' dhs§À mczfWdhp  hstb, zfwCvfv
njfst zfïfrv vnCt  mlDbfv …ijsØ zhd²¿k zfbnfvslv mrïfq hst ifEfstb
sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv zfso sKsjƒ svfpf svsJsY, sn spb kfv svfpf iCvB jsv. zfv
sp hAdÙÁv svfpf bf svsJ Iuv rsqsY, snW spb hfjD dlb svfpf vfsJ.« nckvfQ zfmvf
kfv iv sKsj svfpf vfJkfm. zfmfslv sYfe dwðslvsj -zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq- svfpf
vfJfkfm ˆhQ kfslvsj dbsq mndusl spkfm. kfslv ubA kcstf äfvf ickct oVkfm.
kfslv sj… Jfhfsvv ubA j]flsk tfost kfsj ‰ ickct dlkfm. zfv ˆƒHfsh
ƒIkfsvv nmq rsq spk. zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfmvf kfslvsj ‰ sJtbf dlkfm,
pfsk kfvf Hcst Kfsj ˆhQ sJtfv sOfsv kfslv svfpf iCBG jvsk ifsv. (mc} 1135bQ)
dwð (öi´slfN rsq) dlsbv dHksv nfhftj rst dlsbv hfjD zQw svfpf bójfvD
dudbn sKsj dhvk rsh. jfvB, ˆ[sB kfv ubA svfpf Ivp. zhwA ˆv iCshGv
svfpfÈstf jfpf vfJsk rsh bf. sjbbf, iCshG kfv …iv svfpf Ivp dYt bf. (70} 12bQ)
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, dkbdev msLA ˆjde t[B slsJ nfhftj sybf pfq; öi´slfN hf
zbA iajfsv njfm hDpGifk rWqf, bfdHv bDsy smfef stfm oufsbf, zKhf 15 hYv hqn
rWqf.
zfv hfdtjfslv s[sÛ ˆjde zdLj t[B rt, mfdnj ðv¢ rWqf. htf hfùtA,
hfdtjfv mfdnsjv Jcb zfnsk ðv¢ rstƒ sn nfhfdtjf; pdlW kfv hqn 10 hYv rq.

(mcm} 6/333, Ifvfvf} 87ix}, Icdnkfpf} 5ix})
(4) iiifffooottt
ifostv …iv svfpf Ivp bq. jfvB, kfv …iv sKsj jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY; spmb
iCshGfÙÁ rflDsn …sïJ jvf rsqsY. zbcv™i zfL-ifotf, pfv Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp sbƒ
ˆhQ zbcv™i ²¿dhv hxÝ, pfv kmDp-Îfb bó rsq sosY. ˆ njt ÎfbrDb mfbcNslv
kvI sKsj JflAlfbW Wqfsuh bq. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} 59ix})
ifot dlsbv dHksv nc²¿ rst kfv ubA dlsbv hfjD zQw svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj
dhvk rWqf uv¢vD. jfvB, ˆ[sB kfv ubA svfpf Ivp. zhwA ˆv iCshGv svfpfÈstf
jfpf vfJsk rsh bf. sjbbf, iCshG kfv …iv svfpf Ivp dYt bf.
ifostv …iv sKsj (ifsiv) jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY. dj§Â ifot pdl ˆmb rq sp,
[sB ifot [sB Hfstf, kfrst ˆmb hAdÙÁv ubA Hfstf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf bójfvD
dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf uv¢vD. zfv ifot Kfjf zh²¿fq kf LkGhA bq. i[f§Àsv
Hfstf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf svsJ dlsb rEf{ ifot rsq sost kfv svfpf hfdkt bq.
spmb sj… pdl sjfb svfo hf zfOfk ƒkAfdlv jfvsB shù]w hf zÎfb rsq pfq kfrst
kfv svfpfW bó rq bf. sjbbf, sn Îfb Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpfv dbqk jsvsY, zkˆh
zÎfb rstW sn dbqk bó rsh bf. ˆƒ dhLfb mCYGf, drdódvqf hf dub ifWqf svfoDvW.
pdl sj… svfpf vfJfv Ist ([cLfv kfVbfq) shù]w rsq pfq, kfrst sn svfpf sHsÌ
jfpf jvsk ifsv. dlsbv shtfq sj… shù]w rst ˆhQ nCpG z²À pfWqfv zfso djQhf
isv ù]w dIsv ˆst kfv svfpf ðÝ. spsrkc sn sHfsv Hfstf zh²¿fq svfpf svsJsY.
zhwA pdl sj… Iuv sKsj nCpGf²À ipG§À shù]w Kfsj, kfrst zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk
kfv svfpf ðÝ bq. dj§Â zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk sn svfpfv jfpf jvsk rsh; kfsk
shù]w Kfjfv nmq pkƒ shwD srfj bf sjb. (70} 26bQ, mcm} 6/365)
sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXsmv Iskfqf msk sp hAdÙÁ shù]w rsq Kfsj hf (r™lXp§Ã há
rWqfv Ist) djYcjft db±i¦l Kfsj, zKhf dbsuv sjfb mÌstv ubA ÎfbwCbAjfvD
WNcL hAhrfv jsv zsykb Kfsj ˆhQ kf pdl 3 dlsbv jm rq kfrst sn ‰ shù]w hf
zsykb Kfjfv dlbÈstf jfpf jvsh; spmb sj… Ocdmsq sKsj bfmfp bó jvst kfsj
jfpf jvsk rq. i[f§Àsv 3 dlsbv shwD rst jfpf jvsk rsh bf; spmb ifotsj jfpf
jvsk rq bf. (70} 26bQ)
Ocm§À hAdÙÁ pdlW kfv …iv sKsj jtm kcst sbWqf rsq Kfsj, khcW kfv svfpf ðÝ,
kfsj zfv jfpf jvsk rsh bf; pdlW sn nfvfde dlb Ocdmsq Kfsj. jfvB, Ocm rt
öfHfdhj jmG. zfv kfsk nfdhGjHfsh zbcHCdk bó rq bf. (mcm} 6/366, zfnfƒ} 63ix})

(5) zzz[[[mmm hhhAAAdddÙÙÙÁÁÁ
1. hxÝ W ²¿dhv hf zKhG hAdÙÁ, pfv wfvDdvj [mkf db}swN rsq sosY ˆhQ dlsbv dlb
zfsvf Jfvfsiv dlsj spsk spsk mvsBv dlsj zoanv rsk ystsY, sn hAdÙÁv ubA svfpf
Ivp bq. jó rst sn svfpf vfJsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
))‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ِ   ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻓ‬ٍ ِ  ِ  ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ِ((
ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184)
ƒhsb zfêfn  htskb, ˆƒ zfqfk mbnCJ bq. kfvf rt zKhG hxÝ-hxÝf, pfvf svfpf
vfJsk n[m bq. kfvf iaskAj dlsbv hlst ˆjde jsv dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (hc}
4505bQ)
zhwA ˆmb hxÝ, pfv sjfb Îfbƒ sbƒ, kfv ubA ˆhQ kfv idvhfsvv ubA sjfb djYc
Ivp bq. kfv kvI sKsj svfpf vfJsk hf jfpf jvskW rsh bf ˆhQ dmnjDbW
JfWqfsk rsh bf. jfvB, wvDqskv njt Hfv kfv is[ mfI rsq sosY. dj§Â sn pdl
ˆmb hxÝ rq, sp jJsbf jJsbf Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp jvsk ifsv, zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf
zfshft-kfshft hsj, kfrst sp nmq sn Hfstf Kfsj snƒ nmq kfv ubA svfpf hf
JflAlfb Ivp ˆhQ sp nmq kmDp-Îfb Kfsj bf sn nmq Ivp bq. (70} 30bQ)
2. ˆmb dyvsvfof, pfv svfo Hfstf rWqfv sjfb zfwf sbƒ; spmb jAf¦nfsvv svfoD
(sie Jfdt vfJst sise p§ÃBf rq) ˆmb svfof hAdÙÁv ubA svfpf Ivp bq. jfvB, kfv
ˆmb sjfb nmq sbƒ, sp nmsq sn kf vfJsk ifsv. zkˆh kfv kvI sKsj ˆjde
svfpfv idvhskG ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsk rsh. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Icdnkfpf} 9ix})
JJJffflllAAAlllfffsssbbbvvv dddbbbqqqmmm }}}
dmnjDbsj JflAlfsbv 2de dbqm zfsY }-
iaKm ˆƒ sp, ˆj dlb Jfhfv SkvD jsv svfpfv nQJAf drnfsh dmnjDb sFsj Jfƒsq
slsh. (zKhf ˆj ub dmnjDbsjƒ ‰ idvmfB dlb Jfƒsq slsh.) rpvk zfbfn  hxÝ
rsq sost kfƒ jvskb. dkdb ˆj zKhf lcƒ hYv svfpf vfJsk bf ifvst iakAr
dmnjDbsj sofñX-v¢eD JfƒsqsYb. (hc} 928-929bQ)
däkDq dbqm ˆƒ sp, ziÄ JflA lfb jvsh. zKGf{, slswv iaLfb JflA sKsj iaskAj
dlsbv idvhskG iaskAj dmnjDbsj smfefmcde nWqf ˆj djstf jsv JflA (yft zKhf
om) lfb jvsh. spsrkc jf'h dhb …uvfv ƒrvfm zh²¿fq mfKfq …jcb rst mrfbhD
 k]fsj hstb, ªskfmfv mfKf mcàb jsv sIt ˆhQ dkb dlb svfpf vfJ, djQhf
iaskAj dmnjDbsj mfKfdiYc zLG nf' (smfefmcde nWqf ˆj djstf) jsv Yqde

dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jv, djQhf ˆjde Yfo jcvhfbD jv.« (hcJfvD 1816, mcndtm 1201bQ)
zhwA snƒ nfsK djYc sofñX hf sjfb kvjfvDW dmnjDbsj lfb jvf …dyk. pfsk
mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBDv idviCBG zfbcokA n©Hh rq;
))‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬ٍ ِ  ِ  ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ِ  ‫ﹸ‬ِ   ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ((
ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184)
JflA lfb jJb jvsh -sn hAfifsv ˆJdkqfv zfsY. pdl iaskAj dlb ˆjef jsv
svfpfv dIlXqf lfb jsv, kfW ytsh. pdl mfsnv swsN nh dlbÈdt drnfh jsv ˆjƒ
dlsb kf lfb jsv, kfW ytsh. ˆ hAfifsv hfLA-hfLjkf djYc sbƒ. ksh svfpfv zfsoƒ
slWqf ytsh bf. jfvB, kf zfso svfpf vfJfv mk rsq pfsh. zfv vmpfsbv zfso
wf'hfsb dj Ivp svfpf vfJf ytsh? (mcm} 6/335)
nm²À JflAsj svfpfv nQJAf idvmfB dmnjDsbv mfsU h¦eb jvf pfsh. spmb nm²À JflA
sjht …ipcÙÁ ˆjub dmnjDb zKhf ˆjde mfÛ dmnjDb idvhfvsjW slWqf pfsh.
(ƒhsb duhvDb, Ifdn} duvfƒnD 32ix})
3. sp hAdÙÁv svfo nfmdqj, pf snsv pfWqfv zfwf zfsY; spmb u¶v ƒkAfdl, ˆmb
hAdÙÁv 3 zh²¿f rsk ifsv }
(j) svfpf vfJst kfv jó rsh bf hf svfpf kfv sjfb [dk jvsh bf. ˆmb zh²¿fq
kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. jfvB, kfv sjfb Wuv sbƒ.
(J) svfpf vfJst kfv jó rsh, dj§Â svfpf kfv sjfb [dk jvsh bf. ˆmb zh²¿fq
kfv ubA svfpf vfJf mjv™r. jfvB, kfsk zfïfrv slWqf zbcmdk W kfv zfk¹fv iadk
lqf ialwGb jvf sKsj dHâ zfyvB rsq pfq. zKy mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ٍ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﹲ‬‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫ﹶ‬ ٍ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ِ   ‫ﹸ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬   ‫ﹶ‬(
zKGf{, dj§Â skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf
jvsh. (jc} 2/184)
(o) svfpf vfJst svfpf kfv [dk jvsh. (svfo hxdÝ jvsh, zKhf sjfb hV svfo
zfbqb jvsh, zKhf kfv zh²¿f mvBfiâ rsq pfsh.) ˆmkfh²¿fq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf
rfvfm. sjbbf, dbsuv …iv [dk sFsj zfbf ShL bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
)‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺇ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹰ‬ ِ   ‫ﹸ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ  ‫ﹸ‬  ‫ﹸ‬‫ﹶ‬  ‫ﹸ‬(
zKGf{, skfmvf zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk lqfwDt. (jc} 4/29)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ِ  ‫ﹸ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬ِ  ‫ﹸ‬‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ (
zKGf{, skfmvf dbsuslvsj L¶Qsnv mcsJ sEst dlW bf. (jc} 2/195)
rflDsn mrfbhD  hstb, ªsj… dbsu [dkoa²À rsh bf ˆhQ zisvvW [dk jvsh
bf.« (zf}, ƒmf}, rf}, hf}, lfvf}, dnn} 250bQ)
svfpf svfpflfvsj [dk jvsY dj bf kf ufbf pfsh, svfpflfsvv dbsu dbsu [dk

zbcHh jvfv mfLAsm zKhf dhw¶²À sjfb FfÙÁfsvv Ifqnftf zbcpfqD.
ˆƒ swaBDv svfoD sp dlsbv svfpf kAfo jvsh, snƒ dlsbv svfpf ivhkGDsk nc²¿ rst
zhwAƒ jfpf jvsh. zfv ˆmb svfoDv kvI sKsj dmnjDbsj JflAlfb psKó bq. (mcm}
6/336-338, Icdnkfpf} 9-10ix})
swsNfÙÁ iajfv sjfb svfoD pdl jó W [dk öDjfv jsvW svfpf vfsJ, kfrstW kfv
svfpf ðÝ W psKó rsh bf. hvQ kfsj nc²¿ zh²¿fq jfpf jvsk rsh. (mcrfïf 6/258)
jfvB, ‰ nmq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ. spmb kfwvDj W „slv dlbÈdtsk svfpf
vfJf dbdNÝ; pf vfJf ShL bq ˆhQ vfJst ðÝW bq.
ˆJfb sKsj djYc mcukfdrl svfoDslv ëf§À Ifqnftfv jKf ±ió rsq WsE, pfvf svfpf
kfslv ubA jójv W [dkjv rWqf nsÙ¶W kf jfpf jvsk yfq bf. zfmvf hdt sp,
kfvf Hct dnÝf§À oarB jsv Kfsj. kfvf mrfb zfïfrv lfb oarB jsv bf, k]fv slWqf
zbcmdk jhct jsv bf ˆhQ dbsuslvsj [dkoa²À jsv. zKy dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf
zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf.« (mcm} 6/353)
i[f§Àsv svfo rfîf rst; spmb ndlG-jfdw, mfKf Lvf, of hAKf ƒkAfdl rst kfv Ist
svfpf HfÌf ufsqp bq. zhwA pdl sjfb FfÙÁfsvv mfLAsm, zKhf dbsuv zdHÎkfv
mfLAsm, zKhf iaht LfvBf msk ufbsk ifsv sp, svfpf vfJst kfv svfo hxdÝ ifsh,
zKhf Hfstf rsk slvD rsh, zKhf zbA svfo zfbqb jvsh, kfrst kfv ubA svfpf bf
vfJf ˆhQ isv jfpf jsv sbWqf ShL. hvQ ˆ s[sÛ svfpf vfJf mjv™r.
zfv dlhfvfÛ tfofkfv svfo Kfjst svfoDv ubA vfsk svfpfv dbqk jvf Wqfsuh bq;
pdlW njfst nc²¿ rWqfv n©Hfhbf Kfsj. spsrkc sn s[sÛ hkGmfb idvd²¿dkƒ dhyfpG.
(6) oooHHHGGGhhhkkkDDD WWW lllcccÊÊÊlllfffÛÛÛDDD mmmdddrrrtttfff
oHGhkD zKhf lcÊlfÛD mdrtf svfpf vfJfv lv¢b pdl dbsuslv jó rq zKhf kfslv
dwðv [dkv zfwËf jsv, kfrst …Hsqv ubA svfpf bf svsJ pJb nru rsh zKhf
[dkv zfwËf lCv rsh kJb svfpf jfpf jsv sbWqf ShL. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} 59ix})
htf hfùtA, (djYc …tfmfv dbje) oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfsj svfoDv …iv djqfn
jvfƒ ndEj. nckvfQ svfoDv mk kfslv ubA svfpf bf vfJf ShL ˆhQ kfslv ubA nmq
mk jfpf YfVf zbA djYc Wqfsuh bq. ˆsk kfvf dbsuslv [dkv zfwËf jv¢j zKhf
kfslv dwðslv. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfr mcnfdIsvv …iv sKsj (pKfnmsq)
svfpf ˆhQ zsLGj bfmfp, zfv oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv …iv sKsj (pKfnmsq) svfpf
tfOh jsvsYb.« (zf} 4/347, zflf} 2408, dk} 715, bf} 2276, ƒmf} 1667, nuf} 1835bQ)
…isvfÙÁ rflDsnv …sÜwA ˆƒ sp, kfvf vmpfsb svfpf bf svsJ nmq mk jfpf jvsk
ifsv. svfpf ˆsjhfsvƒ mfI bq. (mcm} 6/362)
i[f§Àsv p]fvf kfslv ubA jfpf jvfv nfsK nfsK dmnjDbsj JflAlfsbvW jKf hst
Kfsjb, k]fslv jKfv …iv djkfh W ncâfrv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. zfv mCt rt lfdqsk¶ djYc

bf Kfjf, pk[B bf lfdqk¶ zfnfv nis[ sjfb ltDt jfsqm rsqsY. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb,
Ifdn} mcndbl 66ix})
sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXm ˆƒ mksj iafLfbA dlsqsYb sp, oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv
ubA (dyvsvfof W z[m hxsÝv mk) sjht JflAlfbƒ Wqfsuh; jfpf Wqfsuh bq. ˆ
mk sifNB jsvsYb ƒhsb zfêfn, ƒhsb …mfv W nf„l dhb uchfƒv. ƒhsb zfêfn ˆ
hAfifsv ±ió hstb, `Wvf iaskAj dlsbv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsh; svfpf
jfpf jvsh bf.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, ˆjlf dkdb k]fv ÛÁDklfnD ²ÃDsj oHG hf lcL lfb jvf
zh²¿fq slsJ htstb, `kcdm z[m hAdÙÁv mk. skfmfv ubA iaskAj svfpfv dhdbmsq
ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsbf Wqfsuh. skfmfv ubA jfpf Wqfsuh bq.' (ƒo} 4/17-25 û})
dkdbƒ mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD ªpfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq
bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184) ˆv kInDsv
hstsYb, `zfv oHGhkD W lcÊhkD mdrtf svfpf vfJsk Hq jvst svfpf bf svsJ iaskAj
dlsbv idvhskG ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsh.' nckvfQ ±ió …dÙÁv hkGmfsb djqfsnv
sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.
zhwA ƒhsb zfêfsnv ˆƒ mk snƒ mdrtfv ubA iaspfuA, sp mdrtf iaskAj lcƒ-
zfVfƒ hYv iv iv n§Àfb LfvB jsv. jfvB, ˆƒ swaBDv mdrtf jfpf jvfv Icvnkƒ
ifsh bf. sp sjfb nmsq rq sn oHGhkD Kfjsh, bsy{ lcÊlfdqbD. zfv oHG há bf rWqf
ipG§À kfv svfpf vfJfv ncspfoƒ rsq …Esh bf. zkˆh sn dmnjDbsj Jfbf Jfƒsq slsh
ˆhQ kfv ubA svfpf mfI. zfv zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.
(7) sssvvvfffpppfff HHHfffÌÌÌssskkk hhhfffLLLAAA hhhAAAdddÙÙÙÁÁÁ
sjfb mxkcA-jhdtk mfbcNsj zfÈb, ifdb hf L¶Qn²Âi sKsj h]fyfsk pdl sjfb
svfpflfvsj svfpf HfÌsk rq ˆhQ sn YfVf zbA sjfb svfpfrDb stfj bf ifWqf pfq,
kfrst iafB v[fv ubA kfv is[ svfpf HfÌf Wqfsuh. zhwA sn ‰ dlbdesj isv jfpf
jvsk hfLA. (IfkfWqf wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 60ix})
ksh ˆ hAfifsv iaw²Àkf ShL bq. hvQ sjht zdk iasqfubDq W ˆjf§À dbv¢ifsqv
s[sÛ lvjfv smfkfshj ˆ zbcsmflb iasqfo jvf …dyk. dhswN jsv p]fvf Ifqfv
dhasosF jfu jsvb, k]fslv ubA ˆjf§À jdEb jó W idvwam YfVf svfpf HfÌf ShL bq.
zbAKf sjfb zfÈb dbHfsk pfWqfƒ k]fslv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL jvsk ifsv bf.
(Ifvfvf} 189ix})
sp hAdÙÁ svfpf zh²¿fq iayà [cLf zKhf ifdb-diifnfq jfkv rsq iafB pfWqfv
zfwËf jsv, zKhf Hct LfvBfq bq, hvQ iaht LfvBfq shùw rsq pfWqfv zfwËf jsv,
sn hAdÙÁ svfpf sHsÌ iasqfub mk ifbfrfv jvsk ifsv. ksh sn svfpf kfsj isv jfpf
jvsk rsh. jfvB, ufb h]fyfsbf Ivp. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

Document discusses fasting and religious terminology

Document discusses fasting and religious terminology

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