Solar PV Rooftop Training Entrepreneurship Development project management & monitoring

1. Partnership To Advance Clean Energy-Deployment (PACE-D)
Technical Assistance Program
Presented by
USAID PACE-D TA Program
Apr-18
Solar PV Rooftop Training Program For Entrepreneurs
Session:
Contract Structure & Agreement

2. Contents
Project Management Fundamentals
SPVRT Project Management Overview
Selection criteria for Solar PV components for a project
Scoping a project – steps involved

3. Contents
Project Implementation Models
Project Management – Procurement and Contracting
Project Financing
Works Scheduling

4. Contents
Project Manager’s focus areas
Suggested goals for execution phase
Project monitoring

5. Project Management Fundamentals
What is Project Management?
 Application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a project activities to
meet project requirements
 Achieved through 5 Process Groups
Initiation Planning Executing Monitoring
and control
Closing
scope
plan Actions by
respective
functions
control
delivery

6. Project Management Fundamentals
Major steps illustrated:
 Identifying requirements
 Addressing various needs,
concerns and expectations
at all stages of project
Balancing
Project
Constraints
Scope
Quality
Schedule
Budget
Resources
Risk

7. SPVRT Project Management Overview
 Tight timelines
 Tighter budgets
 Lack of homework for getting projects sanctioned
 Limited experience of online projects
 Limited availability of specialized manpower and expertise
 Entry of first timers – developers, EPC companies, consultants, financial institutes
 Entry of foreign companies – suppliers, investors, developers, contractors

8. SPVRT Project Management Overview
Components required in successful delivery of a Solar PV project:
 Modules
 Thin Film – aSi, CIGS, CdS-CdTe
 Crystalline – Mono, Poly
 Mounting – Fixed, Single axis, Double axis
 Inverters – Central, String
 Cables and connectors
 Earthing for different components
 Lightning protection
 Data monitoring and weather station
 Locations – Spread over India, temperatures, dust, water
 Surfaces – Roof, Ground (Rocky, Hard Murum, Clayee, Ash)
 Interconnection – HT at different voltages
 Executers – Manufacturers, EPC contractors, I&C contractors

9. Selection Criteria for SPVRT Components for a
Project
Components
Technical
Factors
Performance
Variables
Quality Risks Service Needs
Solar Modules
Temperature
coefficient
Tolerance levels
in supply
PID effect; EL
testing
Lamination, cells,
JB, frame
Inverter
Efficiency at part
load
Temperature
effect on
performance
Dust factor
Component
replacability and
availability
Structure
Galvanizing over
worked steel
Flexibility and
rigidity
Fixing stability to
the ground
Alignments,
maintenance
requirements
Cabling UV resistance
Resistance to
temperature,
moisture,
rodents
Losses in cable
lengths
Laying;
Identification
Civil
Material quality
& deliveries
Sequence of
operations
Suitability to soil
and atmosphere
Water drain

10. SCOPING A PROJECT

11. Requirements
 Complete a project of 1 MW SPV power plant:
 Within time limit
 Within the given budget
 Within given constraints
 Should export optimum electrical units to the grid
 Should perform at optimum level till the end of plant life (25 years)

12. Considerations
Time limit:
 Licenses, sanctions and approvals
 Rooftop
 Safety
 (Client) Inspection agency certification
 CEI certificate
 Utility grid connectivity certificate
Budget limit:
 Time and Cost balance
 Profitability in mind
 Balancing act among in-project activities

13. Optimum Units to Grid
 Design of plant, quality of used material, workmanship
 Selecting and Sourcing good components
 Using these components in proper way

14. Organizing Access, Clearances & Certificates
 Land Non Agriculture status (Not applicable to rooftop)
 Gram Panchayat / local body NOC (Not applicable to rooftop)
 Access Permissions
 Permissions of using water
 Electrical connections for construction
 Grid operator – Specifications, Inspections and Brands – for procurement
 Chief Electrical Inspector for grid connection

15. Organizing Access, Clearances & Certificates
 Concessional duty certificates – MNRE
 Safety audits and checks – Permit to Work
 Developer’s (client’s) engineer permissions and inspections
 Lender’s engineer inspections
 Labour Laws – Register, PF, ESI, Workman Compensation policy, Lodging and
Boarding

16. Project Implementation Models
Consulting &
EPC
Conceptualizatio
n
Financing
Design
EPC
EPC
 Engineering
 Procurement
 Construction
EPC Lite
 Engineering
 Part
procurement
 Construction
EPC (Part) &
O&M
 EPC
 Limited period
O&M with
guarantees

17. PROJECT MANAGEMENT – PROCUREMENT & CONTRACTING

18. Procurement
 Indian or Chinese or European or Global? Current scene:
 Modules – China (cSi), USA (TF), Europe (rarely), India
 Inverters – Europe, USA, India
 DC cables, connectors, data monitoring, protections – Europe, China
 Structures – India, Europe (rarely)
 Main decision factors:
 Price
 Bundling with low cost finance

19. Procurement
 Specifications, Part numbers
 Delivery schedule
 Packing and forwarding system
 Accompanying documents requirement
 Test certificates – Own and Third party
 Warranties
 Identification standards on packaging and on components

20. Terms of Trade
 Payment terms
 Penalties for non-performance
 Spares during and post execution
 Scope of suppliers on site
 Testing and commissioning

21. Sub-Contractors
 Contractors’ licenses to work
 Precise definition of scope of work
 Schedule of work and manpower allocation
 Advance bank guaranties
 Performance bank guaranties
 Surprise checks and audits
 Documentation requirements
 Certification for work acceptance and payments

22. Contract Risk Management
 Performance warranty:
 Definitions
 Conditions
 Type of security
 Third party insurance
 Bank guaranty from public sector or scheduled
 Revolving LC auto renewable
 Product warranty: Group / parent company corporate guarantee, Bank guarantee

23. Payment Terms
 Price vs. Payment terms
 Credit types:
 Credit period backed by LC
 Suppliers’ credit
 Participation in project profit – performance related terms
 Connecting client’s terms with suppliers’
 Escrow account

24. PROJECT FINANCING

25. Component Cost in Rs. Lacs
Solar Modules 27,000
Module mounting structure 5,000
Inverters 7,000
Electrical Components 6,000
Miscellaneous 3,000
I&C and allied 3,000
Total 51,000
*1) Pre-commissioning charges and interest extra
2) Sample project cost for plant size of 500kWp

26. Financing Options
DE Ratio: 2.33 (debt 70% & equity 30%)
Equity:
 Developer’s own funds
 Private equity participation
 Community / group equity
Debt:
 Indian banks – nationalized / cooperative
 Foreign banks or FII
 IREDA
 NBFCs

27. Financing Requirements
 Collateral security: 100% …..20%
 Project financing or balance sheet financing
 Bank Guarantees or other securities to foreign lenders

28. WORKS SCHEDULING AT SITE

29. Work Items in a Project
 Sourcing and securing Rooftop
 Mounting solar modules on structures
 Connecting solar modules to inverter/s
 Connecting inverters to step-up transformer
 Connecting transformer to the Grid
 Performance data monitoring and records
 Protections – Earthing, lightening protections
 Allied work for the plant –Scaffolding, Fencing, Drainage
 Accommodation for Contractors

30. Project Example
Work Division: Sourcing Contractors for
DC Electrical Works
 Structure erection
 Module mounting
 Module interconnections
 Earthing of modules and structures
 Cabling till inverters through combiner boxes
AC Electrical Works
 Inverters to transformers with protective gear
 Metering and Fuses
 Interconnection to grid
 Auxiliary power requirement like plant lighting, AC, etc.

31. Project Example
Work Division: Sourcing Contractors for Civil Works
 Foundations for structures
 Waterproofing
 Cabling routing structures if needed
 Water layout and Drainage
 Security

32. Project Example Illustrated
Civil teams for
plot level work
DC Electrical
teams
Civil for internal
work
AC Electrical
&
Civil internal
work
Protection &
Monitoring &
Commissioning
Mechanized;
About 20
persons
Labour
Intensive;
About 100
persons
Mechanized
plus labour;
About 30
persons
Skilled
labour;
labour
intensive civil
Skilled job;
About 5
persons

33. PROJECT MANAGER’S FOCUS AREAS

34.  Scheduling
 Requirement analysis
 Time action planning of material, manpower and equipment
 Facility and amenity requirements
 Contingency planning – emergency response
 Local support and hindrance
 Impact of environment on the project

35.  Logistics
 Just In Time deliveries
 Movement of material – up to the site and within the site
 Availability of tools and tackles
 Warehousing
 Record keeping
 Manpower management, welfare, efficiency improvement

36.  Certifications, Licenses
 Clearances for work and material
 Equipment and vehicles
 Safety and security
 Medical aid, emergency arrangements
 Frequency of audits by clients, authorities
 Certification of work

37. Suggested Goals for Execution Phase
 Timely
 Cost effective
 Lowest possible surprises
 Ensuring lifetime performance
 Avoid later phase investments
 Customer delight
 Compliance to applicable rules and regulations
 Zero accidents

38. SYSTEM MONITORING

39. SPVRT System Monitoring
Most inverters are equipped with webconnect data module which sends daily
generation through registered e-mail
Devices/Plants
Total yield
Meter Change [kWh]
3/3/2014
Total yield
Meter Change [kWh]
March 2014
Total yield
Meter Change [kWh]
2014
AKDN-15KW 48.85 117.08 1406.51
48.85
[Total]
117.08
[Total]
1406.51
[Total]
Dwipen Boruah <dwipen.boruah@gses.com.au>
Sunny Portal Info Report for plant: AKDN-15KW for the 3/3/2014 Daily Production: 48.848
kWh / Daily Revenue: --- USD / Daily CO2 Reduction: 34.194 kg
1 message
service@sunnyportal.com <service@sunnyportal.com> 4 March 2014 05:00
To: "nirdosh.gupta@su-kam.com" <nirdosh.gupta@su-kam.com>, "parshant.kalra@su-kam.com" <parshant.kalra@su-kam.com>,
"vijay.singh@su-kam.com" <vijay.singh@su-kam.com>, "ashish.sethi@su-kam.com" <ashish.sethi@su-kam.com>,
"dwipen.boruah@gses.in" <dwipen.boruah@gses.in>, "shveta.mathur@akdn.org" <shveta.mathur@akdn.org>,
"hardeep.thakur@akdn.org" <hardeep.thakur@akdn.org>
Sunny Portal Info Report for plant: AKDN-15KW for the 3/3/2014
Daily Production: 48.848 kWh
Daily Revenue: --- USD
Daily CO2 Reduction: 34.194 kg
AKDN-15KW Daily report
Gses.com.au Mail - Sunny Portal Info Report for plant: AKDN-... https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=69bac842a0&view=p...

40. Large SPVRT Systems / Plants Monitoring
Weather data and system performance and system yield are continuously monitored
and recorded through data logger.

41. When digital screens are provided on an inverter the instantaneous data that is
generally available includes:
 Array voltage (V DC)
 Array current (A DC)
 Grid voltage (V AC)
 Current to grid (A AC)
 Power out (kW AC)
 Energy generated that day (kWh)

42. 42
Anurag Mishra
Senior Clean Energy Specialist
USAID/India
Email: amishra@usaid.gov
Disclaimer:
This training material is made possible by the support of the American
People through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents of this material are the sole
responsibility of Nexant, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of
USAID or the United States Government. This material was prepared
under Contract Number AID-386-C-12-00001.