2. Programming on Linux
● The Linux Command Line
● Text Editors
● Compiling
● IDEs
chintal@iitk.ac.in Navya Linux Lectures
3. The Linux Command Line
– Some basic commands
● ls <path>
– list all files in <path>
– only 'ls' displays all files in the current directory
➢ cd <path>
➢ changes the directory to <path>
➢ if no <path> - goes into your home directory
➢ if <path> = .. - goes one level up
➢ pwd
➢ prints out the current path
➢ touch <filename>
➢ creates a blank file named <filename>
➢ cp <original file> <destination>
➢ mv <original file> <destination>
➢ rm <filename>
➢ removes the file <filename>
➢ not undo-able. use with care. Navya Linux Lectures
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4. Text Editors
● vim
– (command line)
● nano
– (command line)
● emacs
– (command line, can be installed using apt / synaptic)
● gedit
– (graphical)
● kate
– (graphical, needs kdelibs, built in terminal, needs to be
installed using apt / synaptic)
chintal@iitk.ac.in Navya Linux Lectures
5. Writing programs on linux
● Shebang
–
–
– Some typical interpreters for shebang lines:
– * #!/bin/bash — Execute using bash program in the /bin/ directory
– * #!/bin/csh — Execute using csh, the C shell instead
– * #!/bin/ksh — Execute using the Korn shell
– * #!/bin/awk — Execute using awk program in the /bin/ directory
– * #!/bin/sh — Execute using sh
– * #!/usr/bin/perl — Execute using Perl
– * #!/usr/bin/php — Execute using PHP
– * #!/usr/bin/python — Execute using Python
– * #!/usr/bin/env — Invocation of some other program using env program in
/usr/bin directory
chintal@iitk.ac.in Navya Linux Lectures
6. Compiling / Running
● C / C++ (installed with build-essential)
● Writing programs
– file extension should be .cpp or .cc for C++ for compatibility with
older versions of gcc
– gcc / g++ is slightly different from Turbo C/ TC ++
● C++ header files do not have a '.h' at the end of the name
● to use cout, cin, etc. from iostream(.h), put in the line
“using namespace std;”
in the global scope.
● main is int main() instead of void main()
● Compiling programs
– do this from the command line
– gcc <filename.c> -o <output filename>
– g++ <filename.cpp> -o <output filename>
● Running Programs
– ./<output filename> Navya Linux Lectures
chintal@iitk.ac.in
7. Compiling / Running
● Sun Java
– Install the java compiler using apt-get or add/remove
programs. package name : sun-java5-bin
– Compiling and running programs is the same as in Java
for windows
● Python
– run from a command line :
● python <filename>
– if <filename> is blank, it takes you to the interpreter mode.
● Perl
– run from a command line :
● perl <filename>
– if <filename> is blank, it takes you to the interpreter mode.
chintal@iitk.ac.in Navya Linux Lectures
8. Compiling / Running
● Lisp (install gcl using apt/ synaptic)
● Compiling programs
– do this from the command line
– gcl <filename.lisp> -o <output filename>
● Running Programs
– ./<output filename>
● HTML / PHP / CSS
● edit on any text editor
● graphical tool
– Nvu (for HTML)
● Fortran
– To install the GNU Fortran 77 compiler - g77, you need the g77
package.
● to compile
– g77 <filename> -o <output filename>
● to run
– ./<output filename> Navya Linux Lectures
chintal@iitk.ac.in
