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1. C 2329
History of
Modern
Architecture
POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAwww.shahrilkhairi.com
Lecture 04:
Post Modern Movement
• High Tech
• Postmodernism
• de constructivism

3. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKA
HIGH TECH
Renzo Piano (Kansai Airport Terminal, Pompidou Centre)
Richard Rogers (Pompidou Centre, Lloyd‟s Building)
Norman Foster (HSBC Headquarters)
- An abbreviation of “High Technology”
- may be recognised in the “engineering”
architecture of the late nineteenth century (Eiffel
Tower) and Russian Constructivists.
-Also known as Structural Expressionism.
- Emerged in the 1970s.
- Incorporating elements of high-tech industry and
technology into building design
- In the 1980s, many of its themes and ideas were
absorbed into the post-modern style.
- High-tech style aimed to give building an industrial
appearance.
- consist of a glass facade, with the building's beams
exposed behind it
POST MODERN MOVEMENT : HIGH TECH
John Hancock Center, Chicago
(1970)
Skidmore, Owing & Merill
Bank of China, Hong Kong (1992)
By: I.M. Pei

4. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKA
Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
(1972-1976)
Modern Art Museum
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers
POST MODERN MOVEMENT : HIGH TECH
-The "Centre Georges Pompidou", or "Pompidou Center", formerly
"Centre Beaubourg". Massive structural expressionist cast
exoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube.
-The ventilation ducts are all shown on the outside. This was a
radical design, as previous ventilation ducts would have been a
component hidden on the inside of the building.
-The means of access to the building is also on the outside, with
the large tube allowing visitors to enter the building.

5. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKA
Lloyd‟s Building, London, England
(1979-1984)
Corporate headquarters, commercial
Richard Rogers
POST MODERN MOVEMENT : HIGH TECH
-Expressed structure and exposed services as ornamental order.
-The building is noted for its multi-storey, free-standing escalator
array within the atrium; the mechanisms within are exposed and
are punctuated in yellow.
-The external windows have triple layered solar control glass with a
ventilated cavity enabling it to refract back artificial light into the
interior. This helps to decrease the need for light after sunset.
-The atrium was influenced by Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace of
1851.
-The building takes its name from one Edward Lloyd who founded
a coffee shop on this site in 1688, from where maritime insurance
was conducted.

6. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKA
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank
Corp., China (HSBC) (1979-1986)
Bank headquarters
Norman Foster
POST MODERN MOVEMENT : HIGH TECH
-The headquarters of the Hong
Kong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation are reputed to have
some of the best feng shui around –
the building sits on a rare
confluence of five “dragon lines”
and enjoys harbour views.
-Dramatic exoskeleton trusses,
interior atrium, escalator entry
through glazed atrium floor.
-Exterior trusses are expressed in the
form of giant steel 'coathangers'.

7. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKA
Postmodernism
Robert Venturi
Michael Graves
Richard Meier
POST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM
-Origins : Failure of Modern Architecture.
(Reaction to Modernism)
- Because of focus on function and
economical building
- No ornaments = plain buildings.
- Postmodernists felt the buildings failed to
meet the human need for comfort both
for body and for the eye.
- Modernism did not account for the
desire for beauty. The problem worsened
when some already monotonous
apartment blocks degenerated into
slums.
-Post Modernism want to cure this by
reintroducing ornament and decoration.
Form was no longer to be defined by its
functional requirements; it could be
anything the architect pleased.
Modernism = minimal and true use of material as well as
absence of ornament.
Postmodernism = Rejection of rules set by the early
modernists and excited in the use of building
techniques, angles, and stylistic references.
use of sculptural forms, ornaments, and materials which perform
trompe l'oeil.
(creating the illusion of space or depths where none actually
exist, as has been done by painters since the Romans)
An icon of post-modernism, created for the architect's
mother, and featured in Venturi's architectural polemic
"Complexity and Contradiction".

8. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM
Gordon Wu Hall, Princeton, New Jersey(1983)
Academic
Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown
- Ornamental graphic keystone with the
control joint running down the middle.
- Princeton University campus.
-The University named this building “Gordon
Wu Hall” in tribute to his magnanimity.
-The brick, limestone trim, and strip windows
adhere to the entrance, set off-center and
broadside in the building, is marked by a bold
marble and gray granite panel recalling early
Renaissance ornament and symbolizing the
entrance to the College as a whole as well as
to the building itself

9. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM
Portland Public Service Building, Portland
(1980)
Government Offices
Michael Graves
- Block mass with decorated facades, criticized for unpleasant interior.
Icon of Post-Modernism
- Ornament is even more prominent.
- The two obtruding triangular forms are largely ornamental. They exist
for aesthetic or their own purpose.
Example of trompe l'oeil:
- Pillars represented on the side of the building that to some extent
appear to be real, yet they are not

10. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM
High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia
(1983)
Art museum
Richard Meier
concrete frame, enameled steel cladding
curved facade to sunny atrium
The extended ramp is a symbolic gesture reaching out to
the street and city, and a foil to the interior ramp that is
the building’s chief formal and circulatory element.
At the end of the ramp is the main entry and reception
area, from which one passes into the four-story atrium.

11. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Philip Johnson
Chainlink Garden Pavilion
Da Monsta - Gate House, New Canaan,
Connecticut
-Attempted to deconstruct architecture by
‘exploding the building’, its elements, or the
design idea from within to without, resulting in
a style that is non-systematic and unorthodox.
Johnson intended Da Monsta, which he named in a
nod to hip-hop idiom, as a future visitors' center.
(New Canaan rejected the idea, and plans are
under way for an off-site center.)
The building is composed of a three-dimensional wire
grid with concrete on the outside, Styrofoam in the
middle, and plaster on the interior.

12. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Coop Himmelb(l)au (Blue-Sky Cons. Coorporative)
Group of Viennese Architects
Vienna,Austria
• COOP HIMMELB(L)AU was founded in 1968 in Vienna, Austria, by Wolf
D. Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky and continues to work since then in the
fields of ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN and ART. Consists of exciting, heady
architectural projects that present aggressive alternatives to the
standard approach to urban design. Turn sketches to fully form model
from the initial sketch phase.
• asymmetrical structures are often generated to strive freedom from
a given formal style. they create „open plan, open minded and open
ended’made up of complex, undefined spaces. every building
project became autonomous, left to the unbridled fantasy of its
designer.
Law office in
Falkenstrabe(Vienna. 1988.
Coop Himmelblau) This roof
office with an overhanging
framework combines and
reinterprets the Postmodern
and High Tech approaches.
BMW Headquarters in Munich, 2007 UFA CINEMA CENTER, Dresden Germany 1998

13. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Frank O‟Gehry
Characteristics:
-Disjointed angles.
- Unbalanced appearance of its whole
composition.
- Disharmonious abstract form.
- Sharp angles, shards and pointed forms.
- Irregularity is real.
Nationale Nederlanden Head Office,
Czech Republic, 1996
Frank.O. Gehry.
Characteristics:
- Altered massing, spatial
envelopes, planes and other
expectations in a playful
subversion.
Vitra Design Museum (Germany. 2006. Frank O.
Gehry.)takes the typical unadorned white cube of modernist
art galleries and deconstructs it, using geometries
reminiscent of cubism and abstract expressionism.
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain, 1993–98
Frank.O. Gehry

14. -Attempted to deconstruct architecture by „exploding the building‟,
its elements, or the design idea from within to without, resulting in a
style that is non-systematic and unorthodox.
- deconstructivist buildings thus appear as a metaphor for the
contemporary world and implicitly criticize the view of the
International style. wild pieces of decontextualised egotism.
Seattle Public Library,2004
Washington, USA
C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Rem Koolhass
CCTV building , Beijing,
China
The „Casa da Musica‟, 2001
Portugal

15. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Zaha Hadid
- Approach to building design
that view architecture in bits and pieces.
- The basic elements of architecture are
dismantled.
- Deconstructivist buildings may seem to
have no visual logic.
- May appear to be made up of unrelated,
disharmonious abstract forms.
- Deconstructive ideas are borrowed from
the French philosopher Jacques Derrida.
Vitra Fire Station. Germany, 1994
Zaha Hadid
The Peak Competition, Hong Kong, Zaha Hadid,
1982.
Zaha Hadid, Vitra Firestation design study,
1990:
Pierres Vives Building, France, Zaha Hadid, 2006.

16. C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Bernard Tschumi “form follows fiction”
Swiss architect
Principles of showing off, with concept of „disturb
perfection‟ through its development to create a new
structural form which might be different from others.
an elegant designer of buildings that result in smooth,
precise structures on the outside, and warmth and
familiarity on the inside. He creates spaces that do not
impose on their occupants; believing in the simplicity
fine architecture.
BLUE RESIDENTIAL TOWER
New York City
a specific aim: to prove that
it is possible to construct a
complex architectural
organization without
resorting to traditional rules
of composition, hierarchy
and order
Parc de la Villette
Paris, 1982-1998