for future reference

1. The Evolution of
Management System
(CENTRALIZED DATA
PROCESSING)
Cheryl M. Asia
DEM Student
Dr. Lilian B. Enriquez
Professor

2. Data - as a general concept refers to the fact
that some existing information or knowledge is
represented or coded in some form suitable for
better usage or processing.
Information -knowledge obtained from
investigation, study, or instruction.
System- a set of principles or procedures
according to which something is done.
Information System- is the information and
communication technology (ICT) that an
organization uses.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)
-a computerized information-processing
system designed to support the activities of
organizational management.
MIS
( Management Information
System)

3. A. Origin of Management Information Systems-
industrial exhibition of Paris in 1801. Joseph
Marie Charles Jacquard introduced the world
to punch cards.
B. The Creation of Punch Card Systems looms
were hand-operated and if you wanted to
create a complex pattern in cloth, you had to
know – and remember – the order that
different color threads were to be weaved
into the fabric.
C. Evolution of Punch Cards -
By 1911, IBM emerged, then called the
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. By
this time, punch cards were used for recording
and storing all sorts of information
MIS BACKGROUND

4. D. The Emergence of MIS in Computers
-computers began to emerge in the
1940s and 1950s, punch cards 1970’s were
replaced by magnetic storage media like
tapes and disks.
E. MIS Developing Beyond Accounting-
From the 1970s to the early 1990s, as
computers became smaller, faster and more
affordable, MIS developed beyond
accounting to other business areas, like
inventory systems, sales, marketing,
manufacturing processes and engineering.
MIS BACKGROUND

5. First Era (mid-1960s to mid-1970s)
During the first years of
computerized MIS, information
systems were centralized and
concerned solely with governance
and the needs of management. Most
information systems and their
reports were under the control of
accounting departments.
Technology included third-
generation mainframe computers,
like the IBM 360. Languages included
Assembler, Fortran, COBO and,
Database e. Ethernet networks were
developed during this time.
EVOLUTION OF MIS
THE FIVE ERAS OF MIS

6. Second Era (mid-1970s to mid-
1980s)
 While MIS was still mainly concerned with
governance and the needs of
management, more departments were
beginning to benefit from the technology.
In many companies, steering committees
and user-led initiatives determined the
shape and scope of additional IS projects.
Technology included the first personal
computers (PCs), minicomputers and mid-
range computers.
EVOLUTION OF MIS
THE FIVE ERAS OF MIS

7.  Third Era (mid-1980s to late 1990s)
 During the third era, centralized
information systems began to spread out
and information became decentralized.
Each department had its own computer
system. Managing information was often
referred to as "herding cats." It was during
this era that a new position emerged in
many companies to oversee the acquisition
and management of multiple information
systems: the Chief Information Officer, or
CIO. Technology during this era included
internetworking and the beginning of the
internet.
EVOLUTION OF MIS
THE FIVE ERAS OF MIS

8.  Fourth Era (late 1990s to today)
 During the current era, information
systems are still tightly tied to
governance and management,
however the systems are widely
distributed, within the reach of nearly
every employee who needs it across
multiple platforms. Many information
systems are integrated between
different companies, so that a client
business can readily access supplier
information and their customers, in
turn, can access that information.
Technology now includes social media,
search engines and ubiquitous
computing through a variety of
platforms including laptops, tablets
and smartphones.
EVOLUTION OF MIS
THE FIVE ERAS OF MIS

9.  Fifth Era (today forward)
 The increase in internet bandwidth
over recent years has led to a
substantial reliance on cloud
computing. As a result, some maintain
that this marks a new era in worker's
ascendancy and that we are now in a
fifth era for management information
systems. Today, practically any
employee is now in a position to make
informed decisions with tools that are
readily available across multiple
platforms. Furthermore, the line
between who produces and who
consumes MIS information is
increasingly blurred.
EVOLUTION OF MIS
THE FIVE ERAS OF MIS

10. When computers began to emerge in the
1940’s and 1950’s, punch cards were still a big
part of information systems. They continued to
play a role until the 1970’s when they were
replaced by magnetic storage media like tapes
and disks. These storage devices greatly
increased the speed of calculating data
Consequently, MIS began to develop for
accounting. Calculating data and compiling it
into reports could now be done in a fraction of
the time it would have taken before.
Centralized Data Processing was
characterized by batch processing- that is
transactions were stored and process all at one
time, this limited any MIS usage.
CENTRALIZED DATA
PROCESSING