More Related Content Similar to AVT session 2: Depopulation Strategies (20) More from Harm Kiezebrink (20) AVT session 2: Depopulation Strategies2. Depopulation
Rapid response management
Culling
Storage
Transportation
Composting
Disposal
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4. Incident Command System
Clear management structure
Veterinary officer, responsible for veterinary tasks, including
diagnose & sampling, animal welfare, reporting & clearance
management
Non- veterinary field response manager, responsible for all non-
veterinary tasks, including culling, cleaning & disinfection & logistics
Health & Safety officer supervising the human health during the
operation, including Occupational Health & Safety, gate management
Administration & Finance officer supervising the financial
management, registration and communication processes
Clear - enforceable - instructions instead of on-the-job training
Each farm needs its own outbreak response plan
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5. Culling
Official definitions
According to the OIE
Carrying out under the vet authority, the
killing of animals infected and suspected
to be infected
According to the FAO
Designation of clean & infected zones
Intensive disease surveillance within the
infected zone
Quarantine of livestock movement
Immediate slaughter and disposal of all
susceptible animals (depopulation)
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6. Culling
- Animal Welfare -
Animal suffering increases contamination risks
Birds sweat extremely when they are killed
under stressed conditions
Sweating causes the skin and feathers to be
wet, creating the perfect environment for
viruses containment
Viruses hidden under feathers
Animal cruelty upsets people
International protests
Negative impact on consumption of poultry
products
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7. 7
Summarizing
Strategy
What needs to be achieved
Depopulate within 24-48 hours
Use the most appropriate culling method:
Killing humanly, according to the International standards
Limited number of operators and easy to operate
Limited exposure between responders and animals
Use the technique that fits the outbreak situation
Create an outbreak response plan for each farm location in
advance
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8. Poultry Killing Methods
- Recommended by OIE -
4 generic categories:
Physical
Chemical
Electrical
Gaseous agents
CO2 gas stunning
Anoxia method (high expansion foam
filled with 100% Nitrogen)
Not recommended by the OIE:
Low expansion fire fighting foam
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15. High expansion Nitrogen foam
The Anoxia method
High expansion foam
bubbles, created under
low pressure condition
kills by Anoxia – total
absence of Oxygen under
atmospheric
circumstances
nitrogen and the
water/soap solution are
mixed in a foam nozzle
Suitable for all sorts of
mammals and types of
housing
Picture 15.4
Picture 15.2 Picture 15.3
Picture 15.5
Picture 15.6
Picture 15.1
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16. Carcasses and dead birds
Feed stock
Eggs and egg trays
Litter and beddings
Manure
Organic waste products
Organic building materials impossible to
decontaminate
Disposables used during the response
operation
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Contaminated materials
- Organic materials & disposables -
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17. Managing
contaminated materials
All contaminated materials must be
• Collected and conserved to prevent contamination
• Stored until further processed; transported to disposal location
• Safely disposed
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18. Collection & conservation
Although the virus reproduction stops after the birds are culled,
they maintain a serious threat:
Spray a soapy water over all materials and wait 24 hours before
the next disposal phase can start
Viruses survive in organic materials, contaminated water, dust on the
feathers, cages, troughs, and manure belts
Soap helps to break down the virus load on the infected materials
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19. Temporary storage
Temporary storage of contaminated
materials impose risks
When the farm is located within a
densely populated area
When the distance between farm and
disposal area becomes critical for
timely response
When there are large volumes of
contaminated materials on the farm
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20. 20
Temporary
cold store on the farm
Minimizing risks of virus reintroduction
Package infected materials in 1 M3
disposable containers on pallets
Freeze /store the materials safely on side
until safe disposal can be guaranteed
Safe handling & transporting frozen plastic
bags
Frozen contaminated plastic bags are
hard to rip open
Materials on pallets are simple and easy
to handling logistically
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21. Considerations to on site storage
- use disposable containers -
Contaminated materials need to be prepared for
safe transportation: use disposable containers for
this purpose
Use heavy duty plastic bags with a maximum
capacity of 1 m3
Place the plastic bags in a disposable container and
place the container on a disposable pallet
Fill the container with contaminated materials
Ziploc the plastic bag after it is full
Remove the disposable container
Disinfect the enclosed plastic bag and the
disposable pallet
Store the pallet safely until further handling
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22. Incineration
Picture 18.1
There are three broad categories of
incineration techniques currently in use:
Open-air burning
Fixed-facility incineration
Air-curtain incineration
Follow site’s fire safety procedures.
Ensure local Fire Department is aware of any open burning.
Wear PPE issued by your supervisor including respirator and proximity suit.
Follow the site’s heat stress reduction plan.
Additional training is required when using fire extinguishers.
Air-curtains present significant risks, stay back from the edge!
Air-curtain incineration
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23. Rendering
Rendering is the heating of material (carcasses) that simultaneously dries and
separates the materials. A fatty substance (such as lard grease) and ground
material is produced.
Rendering can inactivate the AI virus.
Rendering is a limited option as it increases the AI exposure risk for
transportation workers and rendering plant personnel, and the potential to
spread the virus to other locations.
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24. Burial
There are three burial techniques that may be used:
Trench burial
Mass burial sites
Landfill
Hazards associated with burial include excavation hazards and heavy
equipment issues. Know the hazards of your excavation!
Environmental contamination may result from disposal so a disposal
decision support tool should be used when selecting burial method.
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26. Composting
Phase One:
Biological activity breaks down
carcasses
The temperature of the
compost pile increases and
inactivates the AI virus
Soft tissue decomposes
Bones partially soften
Phase Two:
The remaining materials (mainly
bones) break down fully
The compost turns to a
consistent dark brown to black
soil or “humus” with a musty
odor containing primarily non-
pathogenic bacteria and plant
nutrients
Carcass composting is a natural biological process.
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27. Question and Answer
Reflection:
What’s on your mind?
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