1. Central Coast, California Channa Nhean Geology 3 Professor Lawler December 4, 2011

2. Geological History of Pismo Beach began 180 million years ago At the time Pismo was located further South, more toward the equator. The coastline was more Inland near the Sierra Nevada Mountains This was an area of continental collision, where the Pacific Plate was going down Under the North American plate, a process known as subduction. Bluffs at Pismo Beach, California

3. Sierra Nevada Mountains The Sierra Nevada Mountains were formed when the coastline was further inland than it is today. The piling up of oceanic crust material helped shaped the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the process of subduction over 180 million years ago.

4. Morro Rock is an ancient volcanic mountain located in Morro Bay, the original home of the Chumash Indians. Morro Rock is approximately 20 million years old. about 20,000 years ago, the sea level was 300 feet lower than it is today and Morro Rock stood on dry land. However, after the last glacial retreat, the sea rose once more surrounding the rock with seawater. Sections of Morro rock were blasted off to create the breakwater and causeway for Morro Bay but that practice ceased in 1969 due to Morro Rock’s historical geological past and it has become the home of the endangered Peregrine Falcon. Morro Rock, Morro Bay, California

5. Pismo Clams Pismo clams have been found in archeological sites dating back to the beginning of the Holocene era 10,000 years ago. The oldest Pismo clam shell ever found was dated to be more than 25,000 years old. The Pismo Clam still exists today though the numbers are dwindling.

6. Rocks! Pardon my expression, I was caught off guard =)

7. This rock is found on, or rather makes up a cliff. It is chalky, white, angular and gritty when crushed because it is easily chipped or broken off. Because it is found near the ocean, it may possibly be an evaporite but looks like chalk or a diatomite. May possibly be ancient volcanic ash, under sufficient pressure and temperatures, it petrifies into a rock-like substance and eroded overtime is exposed above sea level (Foster, 1998). It is definitely a sedimentary rock. Pismo

8. Found right at the ocean’s edge, this rock is seems to be composed Of a variety of other rocks and minerals. It is hard, rough and Angular in form with grays, browns, pinks. It appears to be a Sedimentary rock, possibly a breccia due to the clasts being angular rather than round and is a conglomerate.

9. One of the “Nine Sisters” of Morro Bay. This is a series of ancient extinct volcanoes. Created at mid ocean ridges by moving tectonic plates the hot magma cools in the ocean and (Farndon, 2006) over years of erosion has been uplifted and exposed. It is composed of granite, a form of igneous rock. Morro Bay

10. Law of Superposition Older Rocks Younger Rocks

11. References Fardon, John. (2006). The Complete Guide to Rocks & Minerals. London, England. Hermes House.