Genebanks: role in climate adaptation
โขDownload as PPTX, PDFโข
0 likesโข321 views
This document discusses the critical role that plant genetic resources and genebanks will play in ensuring global food security, adapting agriculture to climate change, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the next 30 years. Genebanks conserve crop diversity and wild relatives that provide tolerance to stresses like drought, heat, and disease, offering options for breeding climate-resilient crops. No single country can conserve all plant genetic diversity, so international cooperation through systems like the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is needed to preserve crops globally for current and future use.
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (16)
Similar to Genebanks: role in climate adaptation
Similar to Genebanks: role in climate adaptation (20)
More from CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
More from CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Genebanks: role in climate adaptation
- 1. Charlotte Lusty 13 November 2017 Genebanks: role in climate change
- 2. Agriculture must transform over next 30 years โข Ensure food security โข Adapt to climate change โข Reduce emissions Critical challenges
- 3. Agriculture must transform in next 30 years โข Ensure food security ๏ 60% increased production by 2050 โข Adapt to climate change ๏ Abiotic stress, incidence of pests & disease, etc. โข Reduce emissions ๏ From current level of > 19% GHG emissions Critical challenges
- 4. Plant genetic resources (PGR) in agricultural transformation: โข Soil & nutrient management โข Water use โข Ecosystem enhancement โข Pests and disease management โข Resilience โข Crop yields Role of PGR in agriculture
- 5. Coconut Resilient and diverse smallholder crop, providing coastal protection, ecosystem services and income in the face of cyclones and rising sea levels. Role of PGR in agriculture
- 6. Role of PGR in agriculture
- 8. Crop wild relatives Conveying tolerance to: โข High temperatures โข Low temperatures โข Drought โข Salinity โข Submergence โข Changing growing seasons โข Pests โข Diseases
- 9. We donโt know the full value of what we conserve We donโt know the extent of the challenges that we will face Genebanks = OPTIONS Genebanks
- 10. No one country can possibly be self-sufficient in PGR โข International Plant Treaty Multi-lateral System of Access & Benefit Sharing โข International genebanks โข Phytosanitary controls โข Global Information System, Genesys, GRIN- Global, etc Global system
- 12. Sustainable Development Goals Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Target 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.
- 13. Core work of genebanks
- 14. 14 Long-term conservation โข 756,000 accessions โข 724,000 seed โข 24,000 tissue culture โข 29,000 whole plants Responding to users EVERY YEAR: ~ 2000 requests ~ 80-130,000 samples distributed > 100 countries worldwide
- 15. Two aspects increase our ability to use PGR โข Increased knowledge of genes, their expression and the traits they convey โข Vastly improved capability to integrate useful traits into improved varieties Increasing use of PGR
- 16. Working as a Global System: Collections from the fertile crescent, conserved in Syria in ICARDA, saved in Svalbard Seed vault, returned to Lebanon
- 17. Working as a global system: Collected from the High Andes, conserved in CIP for 30 years, repatriated to Peruvian communities
- 18. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- tree shade over crops reduces ambient temperature by typically around 2C allowing temperature sensitive crops like coffee to continue to be grown at locations where temperatures are increasing, as well as leading to higher yields of staple food crops through reducing heat stress and extending the grain filling period. Shade also reduces bare soil evaporation and improves water use efficiency of crops, making better use of water during drought periods. At the plot level, agroforestry systems accumulate between 1.1 and 28.2 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 in biomass and 3.7 and 27.3 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 in soils, though higher rates have been documented. When leguminous trees and shrubs are used, agroforestry systems tend to produce similar levels of nitrous oxide emission from the soil that occurs when farmers use chemical fertilizer (e.g. 1% of available nitrogen). Stress tolerant maize yielded approximately 20% more under stress prone conditions, with no yield penalty in favourable years/environments leading to a reduction in year-to-year yield variability an estimated 700,000 farmers in India and Bangladesh have adopted improved stress tolerant rice varieties. Farmers in Odisha State, India, who adopted the flood- tolerant Swarna-Sub1 variety, obtained an average yield benefit of 232 kg ha-1 (11%), with a maximum of 718 kg ha-1 (66%) when floods lasted up to 13 days (GRiSP 2013). In Uttar Pradesh, India, the average yield of the drought-tolerant variety Sahbhagi Dhan in the severe drought year 2015 was 1.0-3.9 t ha-1 higher than that of other varieties (GRiSP 2015). In SSA, around 2010, NERICA rice varieties occupied about 8% of the cultivated rice area of 6.8 million ha across 13 rice-growing countries (Diagne et al. 2015). By 2013, adoption had spread to 16 countries, which increased rice yields by 319 kg ha-1 and helped lift about 8 million people out of poverty.
- Looking at where this germplasm is used it is very hard to generalize. The genebanks in different regions and with different crops have different users. About 2/3 of the distributions are to CGIAR and 1/3 are to a wide range of external requesters who carry out research, evaluation, breeding and other activities.
- The use of off-season nurseries, multi-location testing networks and new breeding technology has the potential to drastically reduce breeding cycle times by almost two-thirds (Atlin et al. 2017). New varieties can now be developed and released within 5-7 years.