2. Objectives: Describethree properties of mixtures. Describefour methods of separating the parts of a mixture. Analyzea solution in terms of its solute and solvent. Explainhow concentration affects a solution. Describethe particles in a suspension. Explainhow a colloid differs from a solution and a suspension. Bellringer When you add sugar to coffee, tea, iced tea, or lemonade, the sugar disappears. What do you think happens to the sugar?
3. Properties of Mixtures Mixture combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined No Chemical Changes in a Mixture So, each substance has the same chemical makeup it had before the mixture was formed. Separating Mixtures Through Physical Methods Mixtures can be separated by using physical changes. Physical changes do not change the identities of the substances.
4. Salt dissolves in water Magnet: separates mixture of metals from nonmetals. Distillation:separates mixture based on boiling points More than one mixture: Takes more than one step. Filtration: remove large solid from liquid. Evaporation: remove dissolve solid from liquid Pour mixture through filter Centrifuge: separates mixture by densities of components Evaporate water
5. The Ratio of Components in a Mixture The components of a mixture do not need to be mixed in a definite ratio. Example, granite is a mixture of three minerals. Feldspar - pink Mica - black Quartz - colorless
6. Solutions mixture that appears to be a single substance. Dissolving Process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly throughout a mixture solute the substance that is dissolved. solvent the substance in which the solute is dissolved
7. Examples Liquid solutions soft drinks Gasoline tap water Gas solutions Air Solid Solutions Steel Brass Gold in jewelry Alloys solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals.
8. Particles in Solutions Particles in solutions are so small that they never settle out. Cannot be removed by filtering. Particles are so small that they don’t even scatter light.
9. Concentrations of Solutions A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. Concentrated or Dilute? Concentrate: a lot of solute in solution Dilute: small amount of solute in solution
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11. Solubility the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature The solubility of most solids in water increases with temperature.
12. Dissolving Gases in Liquids Gases become less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised. Dissolving Solids Faster in Liquids 3 Ways to make a solid dissolve faster: Mixing the solution Heating the solution Crushing the solute into smaller particles.
13. Suspensions a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas but are large enough that they settle out. The particles are large enough to scatter or block light. Can be separated by passing it through a filter.
14. Colloids A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. Particles in a colloid are large enough to scatter light. Cannot be separated by passing it through a filter.
