Boosting Collective IQ - A New Grand Challenge (1996)

1. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 1 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE For Quantum-Leap Improvement in Productivity, Effectiveness, Competetiveness A New Grand Challenge BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Douglas Engelbart, Ph.D. Christina Engelbart September 5, 1996 © 1995 Bootstrap Institute Boosting Collective IQ:

2. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 2 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Overview Boosting Collective IQ BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY NEXT STEPS Govt-Industry Partnership Repositories & Collective IQ Open Hyperdocument System

3. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 3 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Background Basic Collaborative Environment • Consider any organizational unit with a mission—project team, task force, department, company, community, government institution, consortium... • ...immersed in a continuous process of knowledge development and exchange.

4. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 4 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Background Documents as Basis for Collective IQ Mtg Records Plans Reports Intel Commentary Rationale Proposals Email Contracts Lessons Learned Source Code • Out of this process emer- ges a swirl of evolving documents, forming the basis for the group’s Collective IQ—i.e. their collective perception, reasoning, memory, fore- sight, readiness, planning, implementation, and integration of lessons learned. • Collective IQ depends on the quality and utility of this dynamically evolving knowledge base.

5. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 5 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Background Problem Statement Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Mtg Records Intel Commentary Email Lessons Learned Rationale • Unfortunately, in actual practice most repositories capture only a fraction of the knowledge assets. • And what remains often has negligable utility beyond “paperweight”.

6. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 6 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Background Bigger Problem Statement Related Projects Contractors WWW Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Mtg Records Intel Commentary Email Lessons Learned Rationale Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Customers Partners • Then factor in interactions with the outside world. • This is a generic problem -- in manufacturing, scholarship, governance, education, TQM, crisis action, engineering, healthcare ... • Prevailing information systems fall way short of solutions, since their un- integrated scroll-or-print paradigm adds little or no utility beyond document publishing or retrieval.

7. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 7 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Conclusion Related Projects* Contractors* WWW Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Mtg Records Intel Commentary Email Lessons Learned Rationale Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code Plans Reports Proposals Contracts Source Code • What is needed is a new paradigm for collaborative knowledge work. • This is a key point of leverage for boosting Collective IQ and creating high-performance organizations.

9. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 9 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE F o u n d a t i o n Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Enabling Technology Open Hyperdocument Systems • Explicitly structured multi-media documents • Object-level hyper-linking, addressability, traceability, and access control • Dynamic “on-the-fly” view control for precision browsing and editing • Integrated editor-browser designed to take advantage of the above • Cataloging, indexing, annotating, version control, scripting, ... Underlying Document Support • What is needed for star- ters is a new definition of a document, around which a coherent foundational knowledge environment can be assembled.

10. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 10 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Workflow Shared Files F o u n d a t i o n Apps &Utilitie s Journal/ Library Email Enabling Technology Open Hyperdocument Systems • Explicitly structured multi-media documents • Object-level hyper-linking, addressability, traceability, and access control • Dynamic “on-the-fly” view control for precision browsing and editing • Integrated editor-browser designed to take advantage of the above • Cataloging, indexing, annotating, version control, scripting, ... Underlying Document Support Shared Screen Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale • ...with component tools supporting document development, capture, integration, management, use, and re-use; • ...as well as supporting basic collaborative processes; • ...across platforms & apps

11. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 11 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Enabling Technology Open Hyperdocument Systems D o m a i n s CASE Command & Control Reengi neering Manufact uring Commu nity Nets Program Mgmt Workflow Shared Files F o u n d a t i o n Apps &Utilitie s Journal/ Library Email • Explicitly structured multi-media documents • Object-level hyper-linking, addressability, traceability, and access control • Dynamic “on-the-fly” view control for precision browsing and editing • Integrated editor-browser designed to take advantage of the above • Cataloging, indexing, annotating, version control, scripting, ... Underlying Document Support Shared Screen Education Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale • Given this foundation, extensions into specific application domains becomes a relatively minor task.

12. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 12 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Enabling Technology Supporting a Range of User Interfaces (1) Standard Browser: such as Mosaic, Netscape, Explorer, ... D o m a i n s CASE Command & Control Reengin eering Manufact uring Program Mgmt Workflow Shared Files F o u n d a ti o n Apps &Utilities Journal/Li brary Email • Explicitly structured multi-media documents • Object-level hyper-linking, addressability, traceability, and access control • Dynamic “on-the-fly” view control for precision browsing and editing • Integrated editor-browser designed to take advantage of the above • Cataloging, indexing, annotating, version control, scripting, ... Underlying Document Support Shared Screen Education Community Nets (2) Augmented Brower: adds selected OHS features (3) Browser-Editor: adds integrated editor (n) Full OHS: for high-performance users Input Formats: • MS Office • Word Perfect • ascii email, ... Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale . . .

13. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 13 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE OHS Sample Applications • Collaborative Authoring: Structured outlining and rearranging, easy reuse of existing material, easy link-creation to cite related work-- can uniquely address any object anywhere in the knowledge space. Publish, review, comment(see below). • Study: Precision browsing (multi-window jumping, view control), keep annotated list of links to selected passages, email annotated links to author or co-workers with questions or comments • Publishing Online: Draft or final document is submitted to the repository, automatically assigned document number, cataloged; email notification with link automatically issued to distribution list. Can supersede, add to, reply to, etc. Full access and version control, traceability, accountability, authentication. Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale

14. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 14 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE OHS Sample Applications (cont) • Meeting Support: Agenda development, group note-taking, shared-screen, presentations, full access to repository • Admin: Status reports, time records, todo lists, email, policies, procedures, reference manuals—all integral • Project Management: Work breakdown, status reports, etc. structured and crosslinked for automated managment reporting and perusal at any level of detail; can backtrack on events to change course or debrief • Software Engineering: Structured source code, cross referen-cing between source, design, requirements, bug reports, user documentation; click on procedure name to access its source; OO structure semi-automatic; each line of code stamped with time/ID of last edit • Reengineering/Technology Transfer: Support close coordina-tion between designers, users, implementers (via augmented repository, precision browsing, hyper-email, shared screen...)

15. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 15 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Paradigm Shift Summary From • Tool-centric system • Function-oriented tool system • Authoring and publishing • Isolated passive libraries and archives • One user class: "easy to use" To • Document-centric system • Integrated end-to-end knowledge management environment • Developing, integrating and applying knowledge online • Active “living” libraries of work in progress, seamlessly integrated within the org’s work processes • Many classes of user: pedestrian to high performance

16. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 16 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Paradigm Shift Summary (cont) From • File level addressability • “Load & scroll browsing” in WYSIWYG or outline viewing modes, with canned links • Windows tied to a file and to the application used • Each application has custom file design To • Object-level addressability • “Precision browsing” - jumping directly to any object in any file with on-the-fly custom views • Windows are a portal onto the repository; a variety of applications may be used on any file • Applications use common file design

17. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 17 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE OHS Summary • “Hypermedia” redefined to facilitate “living repository” : – collective work processes » collaboration, coordination, concurrency – capture, integration, management – rendering into applicable knowledge – faster easier access, utilizability, traceability • Very rich, generic, evolvable environment • Built to open standards – universal definition of a “hyperdocument” – component tools operate on these documents across platforms and application domains – Integrated, evolvable, scalable

19. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 19 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Beyond the Technology • OHS is specifically designed to boost Collective IQ, supporting dynamic knowledge processes and knowledge repositories in an integrated, scalable, fully interoperable environment. • Inevitably, such OHS functionality will be standard in commercial operating systems, applications, and utilities • Advanced prototypes are needed to keep pushing the frontier, and creating a pull on the marketplace to bring it about sooner as well as cost-effectively • Advanced pilot trials are needed in a variety of application domains to hammer out the common requirements, co-evolve the work processes, and evaluate the benefits, while paving the way for the rest of the organization • The implementation teams responsible for these pilots should themselves be the first pilot groups (the essence of bootstrapping)

20. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 20 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Beyond the Technology (cont) • Boosting the Collective IQ within the product cycles and the improvement cycles of the organization offers compounded ROI • This dovetails into a larger comprehensive strategy for creating high-performance organizations

21. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 21 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Boosting the Capacity to Improve This “Improvement Infrastructure” will be key to the organization’s survival and success H T A Core Business Activity C Improves B’s Capabilities B Improves A’s Capabilities A - Core Business: I.e. delivering products and services, marketing, R&D, operations, training, ... B - Improve ability to perform Core Business: I.e. new technologies, work processes, org structures, ... C - Improve ability to Improve: I.e. new forms of stakeholder participation, better techniques for ongoing assessment of needs and opportunities, new selection criteria, implementation strategies, co- evolution of tools and processes, ... Try categorizing the activities in your org thusly:

22. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 22 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE The Bootstrap Challenge • Is your organization’s “A” activity ahead of the capability curve? • Is its “B” competence equal to the task? • Is its “C” activity poised to leverage its capacity to improve? • Is its Collective IQ increasing rapidly enough? • There are no proven guidelines for creating high- performance organizations, no shrink-wrapped technologies or practices as yet designed for them... • How will these get created? – How will your organization get oriented and positioned to take advantage? H T A Core Business Activity C Improves B’s Capabilities B Improves A’s Capabilities

23. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 23 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Consortia Initiatives Communities Other Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Universities Universities R&D Labs Institutes Other Organizations serious about boosting their Collective IQ and their capacity to improve should join forces. For example: Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Corporations Industry Vendors Consultants Other Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Agencies Intel Mtg Records Email Source Code Plans Rationale Joining Forces “C” Level Collaboration Govt Institutions Legislation DoD Other • Address common challenges and issues • Extensive dialog, intell, rich knowledge base • Share advice, support for member pilots • Share strategies, lessons learned • Create proto environment for Alliance use

24. I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE 5-Sep-96 • Slide 24 I B BOOTSTRAP INSTITUTE Benefits • Boosting Collective IQ could yield quantum leap improvement in effectiveness, productivity, and competetiveness nationwide • Boosting Collective IQ ~ Grand Challenge • The potential ROI in cost savings and value- creation is in $Billions ~

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