Pinnacle sunway services

Project 2
Case Study, Analysis & Documentation
of Building Services Systems
Building Services (ARC 2423)
Group Report (Mr Adib’s Group)
Ong Wei Hoow (0304468)
Gan Sze Hui (0303709)
Lau Hao Shun (1101G13277)
Celine Tan Jean Inn (0303669)
Brandon Ang Ee Shen (0302955)
Nicholas Tiong Ing Jun (1103P11824)

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Table of Content Page Number
Abstract 5
Acknowledgement 6
Introduction 7
1 Mechanical Ventilation & Air Conditioning System 8
1.1 Literature Review
1.1.1 Mechanical Ventilation
1.1.2 Air conditioning
1.2 Centralized Air-Conditioning System
1.2.1 Introduction of ACMV System in
Pinnacle Sunway
1.3 Air Handling System
1.4 Cooling Tower
1.5 Chilled Water System
1.5.1 Piping
1.5.2 Refrigerant Pump
1.6 ACMV Advanced Features
1.6.1 Emergency Air Supply
1.6.2 Corridor Pressurization Provision
1.6.3 Off-office Hours AC Provision
1.7 Conclusion
2 Electrical Supply System 26
2.2 High Voltage Room (TNB Substation)
2.3 Consumer Switch Room
2.4 Main Switch Board Room
2.4.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cylindrical Tank
2.4.2 Circuit Breaker
2.4.3 Rubber Mats
2.5 Sub Switch Boards
2.6 Distribution Boards
2.7 Genset Room
2.8 Cable Tray System
2.9 Bus Duct
2.10 Electric Riser Room
2.11 Underfloor Trunking System
2.12 Electrical Meter Base
2.13 Conclusion

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3 Cold Water Supply System 45
3.1.1 Direct Cold Water Supply System
3.1.2 Indirect Cold Water Supply System
3.2 Water Meter
3.3 Gate Valve & Stop Valve
3.4 Pipework
3.4.1 Copper Pipes
3.4.2 Steel Pipes
3.4.3 Polythene pipe
3.4.4 Unplasticised PVC (UPVC)
3.4.5 Piping
3.5 Pump
3.6 Water Storage Tank
3.7 Conclusion
4 Sewerage & Sanitary System 59
4.1.1 Sanitation Components and Systems
4.2 Pipework
4.3 Traps
4.4 Venting
4.5 Conclusion
5 Mechanical Transportation System 68
5.2 Vertical Transportation
5.2.1 Introduction & Function of Lift
5.2.2 Operation of System
5.3 Component of System
5.3.1 Lift System
5.3.2 Machine Room
5.3.3 Operating Panel
5.4 Design Consideration
5.5 Conclusion

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6 Fire Protection System 90
6.1.1 Education of Fire Protection System
6.1.2 Active Fire Protection
6.1.3 Passive Fire Protection
6.2 Active Fire Protection
6.2.1 Smoke Detector
6.2.2 Fire Control Room
6.2.3 Fire Alarm System
6.2.4 Fireman Intercom System
6.2.5 Water Based System
6.2.5.1 External Fire Hydrant System
6.2.5.2 Fire Pump Room
6.2.5.3 Sprinkler System
6.2.5.4 Fire Hose Reel System
6.2.5.5 Wet Riser System
6.2.5.6 Water Tank
6.2.6 Non-water Based System
6.2.6.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fire Suppression System
6.2.6.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers
6.3 Passive Fire Protection
6.3.1 Fire Evacuation System and Escaper Route
6.3.2 Emergency Exit Language
6.3.3 Fire Escape Door
6.3.4 Fire Escape Staircase
6.3.5 Fire Resistance Material
6.4 Conclusion
7 References 136

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ABSTRACT
In a group of 6, we were assigned to investigate and analyze the building
services and its mechanisms of an office unit called Pinnacle Sunway. Through
this program, we are able to be known about the basic principles, process and
equipment of a commercial building in real life. Apart from that, we are able to
understand and familiarize with the drawing conventions and standard for
different building services systems.
We had the chance to explore up close the systems of the said building in detail.
From this exercise, we were able to demonstrate our understanding into
accommodating spaces and components required for installation of the services
in the building.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Mr Yap of Suncon and Mr Tai to allow our team to visit
the Pinnacle Sunway building. We are also grateful that Mr Tai has provided us
with all of the necessary information throughout the building including statistics
information and schematics drawing. Without their help, we won’t be able to
finish the project with the required information.
We would also like to thank Mr Chin and his team of engineers for bringing us for
a tour around the building through the prominent service rooms and the
mechanics of the are such as the lift motor room, the fan room and the
firefighting system room. We are grateful that they relentlessly explaining the
systems of each room and the machines within. If it weren’t for his team, we
would only know the building on a surface level.

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INTRODUCTION
Total Area:
Site Area: 7,284m2
Substructure GFA: 41,455m2
Superstructure GFA: 65,425m2
Typical Floor Plate: 2,600m2
NFA: 53,612m2
The Pinnacle Sunway is the latest Green building features & MSC status
commercial buildings built within the Klang Valley. The Pinnacle office tower
strategically located in the enclave within Sunway Pyramid, Sunway Hotel and
Menara Sunway and The Pinnacle offers a net lettable area of over 580,000sf. It
boasts a high speed broadband connectivity and smart security system. The 27-
storey office tower with a pyramid top is the tallest building in Bandar
Sunway and currently, it is the only Grade A green building within the Bandar
Sunway and Subang area.
The Pinnacle Sunway is the maiden in-house project of Sunway Construction
that uses Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) technology, which consists
of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD).
VDC is one of the most promising developments in the construction industry
as it allows an integrated approach of managing design, scheduling,
estimation and fabrication processes.

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MECHANICAL VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and
vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a sub discipline
of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid
mechanics, and heat transfer. HVAC is important in the design of medium to
large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine
environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are
regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from
outdoors.
1.1.1 Mechanical Ventilation
A building ventilation system that uses powered fans or blowers to provide fresh
air to rooms when the natural forces of air pressure and gravity are not enough to
circulate air through a building. Mechanical ventilation is used to control indoor
air quality, excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can often be controlled via
dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates specialized
ventilation systems can remove excess moisture from the air.
Ceiling fans are commonly seen as ventilation systems as they are usually the
most visible mechanical system in a building; however ceiling fans do not provide
real ventilation, as there is no introduction of fresh air. Ceiling fans only circulate
air within a room for the purpose of reducing the perceived temperature by
method of evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants. Also hot air
rises therefore; ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in the winter by
circulating the warm from the ceiling to the floor.
Figure 1.1.1.1: Rotary Heat Exchanger
Source:
http://uolventilation.weebly.com/mechanical
.html
Figure 1.1.1.2: Ceiling Fan
Source:
http://uolventilation.weebly.com/mechanical
.html

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Main Methods of Forced Ventilation:
1) PRESSURE SYSTEM - a system which air is blown through the building by a
fan or other blower placed at the inlet. The air pressure in the building is slightly
greater than that of the outer atmosphere.
2) VACUUM SYSTEM - causing an inrush of fresh air. This is done by an
exhaust fan placed at the outlet to the vent flue or stack. The air pressure in the
building is slightly lower than that of the outer atmosphere.
However a combination of these two methods can be used to create a
BALANCED SYSTEM:
Figure 1.1.1.3: Illustration of Balanced System
Source: http://uolventilation.weebly.com/mechanical.html

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1.1.2 Air conditioning
Centralized systems are defined as those in which the cooling (chilled water) is
generated in a chiller at one base location and distributed to air-handling units or
fan-coil units located throughout the building spaces. The air is cooled with
secondary media (chilled water) and is transferred through air distribution ducts.
The system is broken down into three major subsystems: the chilled water plant,
the condenser water system (or heat rejection system) and the air-delivery
system.
Figure 1.1.2.1: Chilled Water Centralized System.
Source:
http://www.seedengr.com/Cent%20Vs%20Decent%20AC%20Systems.pdf

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Components:
1. Plant Room
The plant room is where the the heavy machinery of the system are housed.
Refrigerant is cooled in the plant room and distributed to the air handling unit
(AHU) located in different room(s) at different level(s)/zone(s). Treated & cooled
air is supplied from the AHU to the rooms in the same level/zone via the ducts.
Usually this system is installed during the construction of a building & should be
integrated with the structure & spaces of a building in the early stage of design.
2. Air Handling Unit AHU
An air handler, or air handling unit (often abbreviated to AHU), is a device used
to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) system. An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower,
heating or cooling elements filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators,
and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to a duct work ventilation system that
distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU.
Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from
the space served without ductwork.
3. Water Chiller
A water chiller is a mechanical device used to facilitate heat exchange from water
to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a
location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere. In air
conditioning, chilled water is often used to cool a building's air and equipment,
especially in situations where many individual rooms must be controlled
separately, such as a hotel. A chiller lowers water temperature to between 40°
and 45°F before the water is pumped to the location to be cooled.
4. Fan Coil Unit
A fan coil unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil
and fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings. Typically a fan coil unit is not connected to ductwork, and is
used to control the temperature in the space where it is installed, or serve
multiple spaces. It is controlled either by a manual on/off switch or by thermostat.
Due to their simplicity, fan coil units are more economical to install than ducted or
central heating systems with air handling units. However, they can be noisy
because the fan is within the same space. Unit configurations are numerous
including horizontal (ceiling mounted) or vertical (floor mounted).

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1.2 Centralized Air-Conditioning System
1.2.1 Introduction of ACMV System in Pinnacle Sunway
According to the MS 1525 code 8.9, ACMV System:
The ACMV system stand of 3 different basic systems:
1. Central air-distribution systems
In this type, either ACWV System Equipment or an engineered and field
assembled combination of ACMV System Components, receives re-circulated
room air (plus outside air as required) from a central duct system, performs the
required ventilating or air-conditioning functions, and delivers the conditioned air
to the central duct system, for final delivery to the conditioned space(s) of the
building.
2. Central circulating water systems
In this type, a centrifugal , rotary , screw , scroll or reciprocating, compression
refrigeration or absorption refrigeration type water-chilling package provides
chilled water to a central piping system ; and the piping system supplies cooled
water, as required, to water-air heat exchangers (terminal units) serving the
conditioned space(s) of the building. The water chilling package, including its
heat-rejecting element, and the terminal units are considered to be ACMV
System Components.
3. Multiple unit systems.
In this type, a number of units ACMV Equipment, each receiving a supply of
electric power of different outputs due to the difference in mechanisms.

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1.3 Air Handling System
An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling
elements filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers
usually connect to a ductwork ventilation system that distributes the conditioned
air through the building and returns it to the AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge
(supply) and admit (return) air directly to and from the space served without
ductwork.
Small air handlers, for local use, are called terminal units, and may only include
an air filter, coil, and blower; these simple terminal units are called blower
coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and
no recirculated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU). An air handler designed
for outdoor use, typically on roofs, is known as a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop
unit (RTU).
However in the Pinnacle Sunway building, cooling units are not done using air
flow, but instead being liquid chilled. This means the refrigerant is pumped by a
separate motor (see 1.5.2).

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1.4 Cooling Tower
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to
the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat
and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case
of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to
near the dry-bulb air temperature.
The cooling towers in Sunway have 3 units on level 25:
1. 1 no. TCS 1200-2EG 2 CELL
2. 2 nos. TCS 1250-1EG 1 CELL
Figure 1.4.1 Rooftop MEP Plants Layout Level 24-25 in Pinnacle Sunway.
Figure 1.4.2 Cooling Tower at Level 25 in Pinnacle Sunway.

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1.5 Chilled Water System
Figure 1.5.0.1 shows Chilled Water
Piping at Level 23th
-26th
in Pinnacle
Sunway.

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Figure 1.5.0.2: Basement 1 Chiller Unit in Pinnacle Sunway.
Figure 1.5.0.3: Plan of the Condenser Unit and its details.

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Figure 1.5.0.4: Location of the Basement 1 Chiller room, just next to the main lift
pits.
Chilled water cooling is very different from typical residential air conditioning
where a refrigerant is pumped through an air handler to cool the air.
Regardless of the source of water, the chilled water (between 4°and 7°C) is
pumped through an air handler, which captures the heat from the air, then
disperses the air throughout the area to be cooled. The condenser water absorbs
heat from the refrigerant in the condenser barrel of the water chiller, and is then
sent via return lines to a cooling tower, which is a heat exchange device used to
transfer waste heat to the atmosphere. The extent to which the cooling tower
decreases the temperature depends upon the outside temperature, the relative
humidity and the atmospheric pressure. The water in the chilled water circuit will
be lowered to the Wet-bulb temperature or dry-bulb temperature before
proceeding to the water chiller, where it is cooled to between 4°and 7°C and
pumped to the air handler, where the cycle is repeated.

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1.5.1 Piping
Figure 1.5.1.1 Piping with initials
Meanings of some of the common initials:
CWS – Condensed water supply :
To help the mechanical equipments lose heat
CWR – Condensed water return : To recycle the lost heat gained
CHWP- S – Chilled Water Supply : To cool the refrigerant
CHWP- R – Chilled Water Return : Return to cooling tower
Analysis
According to MS 1525 code 8.4:
“All piping installed to serve buildings and within buildings should be adequately
insulated to prevent excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with vapor
barriers may be required to prevent condensation under some conditions.”

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1.5.2 Refrigerant Pump
Figure 1.5.2.1 Refrigerant Pump
This pump serves to pump refrigerant to the AHU rooms to cool the air in the Air
Handling Units. After a while, this refrigerant will warm up as it gains heat. This
substance is then pumped back from the AHU rooms to the chiller to be chilled
again. In this system, two types of system are present:
1. Pump for refrigerant to AHU rooms
2. Pump for warm refrigerant to return to the chiller from AHU

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1.5.3 Monitor Component
Figure 1.5.3.1: Monitor for Refrigerant Pump (left) ; Controls for compressor unit
(right)
Measuring equipments are located on every pipe of the module leading towards
the chilled water and cooling tower. This helps during the maintenance handling.
The lowest temperature of the chilled water in the chiller system would be 7 °C,
this being the supply water while the return chilled water is usually 13°C.
The monitor unit on the compressor makes it easy to shut down, set timer to the
system or perform emergency stops shall the unit fail. Overall the process that
goes inside the compressor is automated.

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1.6 ACMV Advanced Features
1.6.1 Emergency Air Supply
The interfacing in between Fresh Air Fan control panel, Electrical power
supply and the Building Control system (BCS) giving this advance feature that in
the event of power failure in the building, the standby generator will take place,
the BCS will activate the Fresh Air Fan at the roof floor to deliver sufficient fresh
air through the fresh air shaft to each and every individual floor.
Figure 1.6.1.1 Plan showing where the air ducts go and the duct unit itself.
Fresh Air Supply

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1.6.2 Corridor Pressurization Provision
When one floor being occupied and partitioned up by few tenants, a common
corridor need to be built up in comply to the Building by-law’s requirement. This
common corridor serves as the fire escape route during fire mode. The corridor
pressurization facility has been provided in this building. The interfacing in
between Pressurization Fan panel and Fire Alarm signal has been well
configured , so that during fire emergency, fire safety escape to the tenants can
be obtained.
Figure 1.6.2.1 Showing the accessibility of the tenants to fire escape
CommonCorridor
Tenant 1 Tenant 3
Tenant 2 Tenant 4
CommonCorridor
Corridor Pressurization
Shaft & Grilles

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1.6.3 Off-office Hours AC Provision
For the tenant who plans to install additional air conditioning unit (Split unit)
in the future, the provision of condensate pipe is ready for connection at the four
corners of the building.
Figure1.6.3 Location of Provisional Holes of AC

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Figure 1.6.4 Location on wall of Provisional Holes of AC
Provision for drainage tapping point
Condensate Pipe

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Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 41: Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning
1) Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the
relevant building by-laws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and
heights of rooms may be waived at the discretion of the local authority.
2) Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered
if in addition to the permanent air conditioning system there is provided
alternative approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that
within half-an-hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less that the
stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced into the
enclosure during the period when the air conditioning system is not functioning.
3) The provisions of the Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings
which are mechanically ventilated or air conditioned.
4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water
closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with
the requirements of the Third schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these
By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such
lavatories, water closets, bathrooms or corridors.
1.6 Conclusion
The air conditioning unit needs no introduction to its contribution. The importance
of thermal comfort makes the system valuable today. Coupled with an automated
system in the motor unit of the chiller machine to control power output, the AC
system in Pinnacle Sunway is very efficient and optimal in conserving energy.
Cooling towers assist greatly in keeping the AC units from overheating. The need
for ventilation is not left out, having vents , emergency air supply units and
pressurization unit. In overall terms, the system is organized properly to fit the
demand of the clients and the needs of the habitants in the building.

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ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
Everything in this world made up of atoms. Each one of them has three particles:
protons, neutrons and electrons. Electrons spin around the centre of an atom.
They have a negative charge and for Protons, which are in the centre of atoms,
have a positive charge. Normally, an atom has as many protons as it has
electrons. It is stable or balanced. Carbon, for example has six protons and six
electrons. Scientists can make electrons travel from one atom to another. An
atom that loses electrons is positively charged, an atom that gets more electrons
is negatively charged. Electricity is created when electrons move between atoms.
Positive atoms look for free negative electrons and attract them, so that they can
be balanced.
In this past, burning a fossil fuel, such as coal or oil, most often use to produce
usable energy. The result of the heat energy was used directly as heat and light
or converted by machines into motion. In the end of the 19th
century, this heat
been used to create another form of usable energy, electricity. But for the
modern world nowadays, nuclear is use for fossil fuels has affected only the heat
production portion of this process. Electricity is generated at a power generating
plant and distributed by high-voltage transmission lines through various
distribution systems until it reaches your home or business. An electrical supply
system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transmit and use
electric power. An example of an electric power system is the network that
supplies a region's homes and industry with power - for sizable regions, this
power system is known as the grid and can be broadly divided into
the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the
power from the generating centres to the load centres and the distribution
system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries. Electricity is
generated at a power generating plant that distributing power to substations via
high voltage transmission lines. Near the center of all the power station is a
generator, is a rotating machine that convert mechanical energy to electrical
power by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The
energy source make use of the generator varies widely. I t depends the company
of a country has access to. Most of the power station in the world burns fossil
fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. But there is an
increasing use of cleaner renewable source such as solar, wind, wave and
hydroelectric. However, in Malaysia, burning fossil fuel is to generate electricity.

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Figure 2.1.1: shows that Malaysia TNB electrical power plant.
Then, a step up transmission substation receives electric power from a nearby
generating facility and uses a large power transformer to increase the voltage for
transmission to distant locations. Not only that, a transmission bus is used to
distribute electric power to one or more transmission lines. There can also be a
tap on the incoming power feed from the generation plant to provide electric
power to operate equipment in the generation plant. Furthermore, a substation
can have circuit breakers that are used to switch generation and transmission
circuits in and out of service as needed or for emergencies requiring shut-down
of power to a circuit or redirection of power. The longer the cable, the higher the
resistance, the lower the power being supply so it need a large amount of voltage
to transfer to another location
Figure 2.1.2: shows the step
up transmission substation.

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After that, it is transferred by transmission line to electrical pylons. An electrical
pylon usually is a steel lattice tower, used to support an overhead power line. An
overhead transmission is used in electric power transmission and distribution to
transmit electrical energy in a long distance. After that, it is transferred to
substation and lastly to transformer or the pole to home or building. Below is the
basic diagram of electric supply system.
Figure 2.1.3: shows the electrical pylons.
Figure 2.1.4: shows the basic structure of the Electric System

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2.2 High Voltage Room (TNB Substation)
The High Voltage Room is the direct link from the transmission cables receiving
electricity, the high voltage needed to be reduced to a lower voltage with a step-
down transformer room for the power needed in the whole building before it
distribute to the whole building.
Figure 2.2.1: shows TNB room in Pinnacle Sunway has been repainted again for
the aesthetic.
Figure 2.2.2: shows the
location of TNB room that
located at the Basement
Level 1 in Pinnacle Sunway.

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2.3 Consumer Switch Room
The consumer room is located directly next to the TNB room mainly to reduce the
voltage drop because the further current has to travel; the reduction in current is
higher due to resistance in the wires. Hence the rooms are located side by side.
In the consumer room, a transformer is installed to step down the electricity from
11KV to 415 V which are much more suitable for usage. The step down is done
by the transformer by the means of a primary coil and a secondary coil, as
electricity pass through a coil of wire, a magnetic field is created, and any other
coil or wires nearby will be induced of electricity, hence a step down transformer
usually have more coils in the primary coil and half or less coils in the secondary
coil as to step down the electricity.
Figure 2.3.1: Shows the location of consumer switch room at the Basement Level
1 in Pinnacle Sunway.

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Transformer room (Step-down Transformer)
A device used to change the voltage of an alternating current in one circuit to a
different voltage in a second circuit, or to partially isolate two circuits from each
other. Transformers consist of two or more coils of conducting material, such as
wire, wrapped around a core (often made of iron). The magnetic field produced
by an alternating current in one coil induces a similar current in the other coils. If
there are fewer turns on the coil that carries the source of the power than there
are on a second coil, the second coil will provide the same power but at a higher
voltage. This is called a step-up transformer. If there are fewer turns on the
second coil than on the source coil, the outgoing power will have a lower voltage.
This is called a step-down transformer.
2.4 Main Switch Board Room
An electric switchboard is a device that directs electricity from one or more
sources of supply to several smaller regions of usage. It is an assembly of one or
more panels, each of which contains switches that allow electricity to be
redirected. The role of a switchboard is to allow the division of the current
supplied to the switchboard into smaller currents for further distribution and to
provide switching, current protection and (possibly) metering for those various
currents. In general, switchboards may distribute power to transformers, panel
boards, control equipment, and, ultimately, to individual system loads. Inside a
switchboard there will be one or more bus bars. These are flat strips of copper or
aluminum, to which the switchgear is connected. Bus bars carry
large currents through the switchboard, and are supported by insulators. Bare
bus bars are common, but many types are now manufactured with an insulating
cover on the bars, leaving only connection points exposed. The operator is
protected from electrocution by safety switches and fuses. There may also be
controls for the supply of electricity to the switchboard, coming from a generator
or bank of electrical generators, especially frequency control of AC powers and
load sharing controls, plus gauges showing frequency and perhaps
a synchroscope. The amount of power going into a switchboard must always
equal to the power going out to the loads.

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Figure 2.4.0.1: Main Switch Room located at Basement Level 1 in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 2.4.0.2: Shows the location of the Main Switch Room in Basement Level
1.

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2.4.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cylindrical Tank
For the safety precaution, Inert gas, CO2 has been long used to prevent ignition
of potentially flammable mixtures and extinguish fire involving flammable liquids
or gases. Although inert gases certainly help extinguish fire by displacing oxygen,
they are even more effective by acting as a heat sink, absorbing combustion
energy. CO2 is stored in cylinders as a liquid under great pressure. In does not
conduct electricity and will not normally damage sensitive electronic equipment.
In Pinnacle Sunway, such system is used in the transformer room and main
switch board room instead of water- based sprinkler system.
Figure 2.4.1.1 CO2 cylindrical tank located in the Main Switch Board room

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2.4.2 Circuit Breaker
There is a MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) panel is locate in the Main
Switch Room Pinnacle Sunway. This panel can rate current up to 1000 A and it
trip current may be adjustable. Besides that, it can be thermal or thermal-
magnetic operation. A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused
by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be
replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation. The difference between breakers and fuse is that.
Breakers are used for high voltage currents as they break the circuits faster than
fuses, if the circuits is not broken fast enough an electric arc mat form, passing
on high voltage current throughout the circuit and damaging appliances
connected to it. Fuses are normally used in lower voltage electrical equipment
such as Distribution Boards.
Figure 2.4.2.1: shows the MCCB
in the Main Switch Room at
Pinnacle Sunway.
Figure 2.4.2.2: shows Molded
Case circuit breaker diagram.

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2.4.3 Rubber Mats
Based on Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulation 1994, rubber
mats are placed on the floor beside Main Switch Boards as a safety measures for
the maintenance crew or MSB users so to prevent human bodies to become a
conductor for earthling during a high voltage current leak thus minimizing
chances of fat al electric shocks.
Figure 2.4.3.1 shows the rubber mats are being used in Main Switch Board
Room in Pinnacle Sunway.

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2.5 Sub Switch Boards
The sub switch boards are located on every three level to regulate the electricity
that is being supplied by the main switch board to that level. This is part of a
protection and prevention act as if there is any power surge that might causes a
trip and only the level that affected will auto cut off electric supply.
Figure 2.5.1 Sub Switch Board
2.6 Distribution Boards
A distribution board is a component of an electricity supply system which divides
an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a
protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit, in a common enclosure.
Normally, a main switch, and in recent boards, one or more residual-current
devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBO),
are also incorporated. A distribution board is a smaller panel board that has a
similar function to a switch board, but for a distribution board, it is a sub division
of electricity from the switch boards that supply for only a specific level in
Pinnacle Sunway. If one of the office units in that particular floor needs repair in
any electrical related matter, the other level of offices unit in that particular floor
will not be affect. Within the distribution boards are switches which again sub
divide the unit into smaller division where electricity is supplied, each switch is
fitted usually with a fuse, so if any power surge, the electrical appliances will not
be damaged.

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Figure 2.6.2 show the location of the Distribution Board and Sub switch board for
typical floor.
Figure 2.6.1: shows Distribution Board

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2.7 Genset Room
A Genset room is a generator that helps to generate electricity if the building
havs any power failure. Genset room is located at Basement 3 at Pinnacle
Sunway. The work of this generator is to provide electricity during blackout or
power failure.
Figure 2.7.2: show the location of the Gen set room at Pinnacle Sunway
Basement Level 3.
Figure 2.7.1: shows Diesel Generator.

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Placing a generator also important, it should be placed and be protected against
harmful materials carried from air such as dust, thread, smoke. The ground also
should be stable and flat. No authorized person must not enter the generator
room and need a proper way to carry and install the generator at the room.
Cooling and ventilation
Motor and alternator release heat and cause increasing of ambient temperature.
Increasing of temperature affects negatively working of the generator. For this
reason, enough ventilation should be provided so as to keep cool motor and
alternator. Air must enter the generator room by alternator; exist from the room
by means of flexible bellows canvas made of tent canvas passing over the motor
and through radiator. If a canvas is not used for ejecting hot air out of the room,
fan reduces the efficiency of cooling via expanding hot air in the generator room.
2.8 Cable Tray System
These are fire resistance cable; these cables will hold and prevent the wiring
from melting for an average time of an hour. Mineral Insulated Copper Clad
(MICC) cables are special wiring which connects the generator to the Main
Switch Board Room for fire emergency.
Figure 2.8.1: Cable Tray System

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2.9 Bus Duct
Conductor bars are assembled with insulators in grounded enclosures. This
assembly is known as bus duct, can be used for connections to large switchgear
or for bringing the main power feed into a building. A form of bus ducts known
plug-in bus is used to distribute power down the length of a building; it is
constructed to allow tap-off switches or motor controllers to be installed at
definite places along the bus. The advantage of using bus duct is it saves more
space and requires less space than normal cable.
Figure 2.9.1: shows Bus duct in
Pinnacle Sunway.

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2.10 Electric Riser Room
The main are from Riser Rooms or Extended Distribution Boards are present.
The electricity is distributed laterally through a series of cable tray system to
risers around the building.
Figure 2.10.1: shows Electric Riser in
Pinnacle Sunway.

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2.11 Underfloor Trunking System
The underfloor trunking system is provided at every typical floor in Pinnacle
Sunway. The system comes with the underfloor termination box.
On each termination box complete with:
a) 4 nos. of 13A power socket outlets c/w wiring.
b) 4 nos. provision ports for Cat 6 Jack (for Network data & telephone cable
termination)
Figure 2.11.1: shows the placement of
Underfloor Termination Box in typical
floor.
Figure 2.11.2: Underfloor Termination Box.

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2.12 Electrical Meter Base
An electrical meter base, also known simply as an electrical meter, measures
how much energy an office business building uses so the electric company
knows how much to charge. But the most common type of electrical meter is the
electromechanical induction meter.
Figure 2.12.2: shows the different placement of meter in typical floor.
Figure 2.12.1: shows the electrical
meter base in Pinnacle Sunway.

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2.13 Conclusion
According to Universal Building By Law (UBBL) obeyed by the Pinnacles
Sunway, every element in electricity supply system are built accordingly in the
correct place and each of the electricity component play their roles. In
conclusion, we can conclude that the electricity supply system at Pinnacle
Sunway follow the necessary requirements set by the governments for operating
the building in terms of electricity, the voltage supplied is adequate. Below is the
sum up of the flow electricity supply system. From all the above it is for the safety
of the workers and the peoples in the building and to aware the flow of the
electricity.

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COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
An adequate supply of water is a basic requirement for most buildings for
reasons of personal hygiene or for activities such as cooking and manufacturing
processes. In most areas a piped supply of water is available from a Public
Water Board or Public Utility Company mains supply system. The water authority
by a system of screening, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, aeration and
fluoridation makes the water fit for human consumption before allowing it to enter
the mains. The water company's mains are laid underground at a depth where
they will be unaffected by frost or traffic movement. The lay-out of the system is
generally a circuit with trunk mains feeding a grid of subsidiary mains for
distribution to specific areas or districts. The materials used for main pipes are
cast iron and asbestos cement which can be tapped whilst under pressure; a
plug cock is inserted into the crown of the mains pipe to provide the means of
connecting the communication pipe to supply an individual building.
The procedure for the design of a water distribution system for a building is
straightforward. It is assumed that an adequate reliable supply of clean potable
water is available. The design procedure is then as follows:
a) Determine the pressure of the source. Decide whether to use the source
directly, reduce the pressure or increase it.
b) Determine whether the structure will be treated as a single unit or whether it is
necessary to zone it.
c) Decide whether to use an up feed or down feed system.
d) Determine the pressure and flow requirements of all fixtures and all continuous
water uses.
e) Determine maximum instantaneous water demand. This is a combination of
fixture use and other water uses in the building.
f) Determine the service size on the service size on the basis of maximum water
requirements.
g) Determine minimum pipe sizes on the basis of required flow rates and
pressure for the water use device farthest from the service.
h) Determine location of shock arresters and any other special devices required.

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3.1.1 Direct Cold Water Supply System
In this system the whole of the cold water to the sanitary fittings is supplied
directly from the service pipe. The direct system is used mainly in northern
districts where large, high level reservoirs provide a good mains supply and
pressure. Another advantage of the direct system is that drinking water is
available from several outlet points. The main disadvantage is the lack of reserve
should the mains supply be cut off for repairs, also there can lowering of the
supply during peak demand periods. When sanitary fittings are connected
directly to a mains supply there is always a risk of contamination of the mains
water by back siphonage. This can occur if there is a negative pressure on the
mains and any of the outlets are submerged below the water level, such as a
hand spray connected to the taps.
3.1.2 Indirect Cold Water Supply System
In this system all the sanitary fittings, except for a drinking water outlet at the
sink, are supplied indirectly from a cold water storage cistern positioned at a high
level, usually in the roof space. This system requires more pipe work but it gives
a reserve supply in case of mains failure and it also reduces the risk of
contamination by back siphonage. It should be noted that the local water
authority determines the system to be used in the area.
Figure 3.1.1.1 shows direct cold water
supply system
Source:
www.practicaldiy.com/plumbing/water-
supply
Figure 3.1.1.2 shows indirect cold water
supply system
Source:
supply

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3.2 Water Meters
Water meters are supplied at the discretion of the local water authorities and
most new buildings are required to have them. There are two common
approaches to flow measurement, displacement and velocity. Common
displacement designs include oscillating piston and mutating disc meters.
Velocity -based designs include single and multi-jet meters and turbine meters.
Figure 3.2.1 shows the use of water meter in Pinnacle Sunway in the schematic
diagram.
Figure 3.2.2 shows displacement of water
meter.
Source:
supply
Figure 3.2.3 shows patent water meter.
Source:
supply

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3.3 Gate Valve & Stop Valve
The gate valve also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a
round or rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a
gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate
valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is
desired. The gate faces can form a wedge shape pr they can form a wedge
shape or they can be parallel. Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent
the flow of liquids, but typical gate valves shouldn't be used for regulating flow,
unless they are specially designed for that purpose. On opening the gate valve,
the flow path is enlarged in a highly nonlinear manner with respect to percent of
opening. This means that flow rate does not change evenly with stem travel.
Also, a partially open gate disk tends to vibrate from the fluid flow. Most of the
flow change occurs near shutoff with a relatively high fluid velocity causing disk
and seat wear and eventual leakage if used to regulate flow.
Gate valves are characterized as having either a rising or a non-rising stem.
Rising stems provide a visual indication of valve position because the stem is
attached to the gate such that the gate and stem rise and lower together as the
valve is operated.
Figure 3.3.1 detail drawings of valves.
Source:
supply

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Figure 3.3.2 the valves in Pinnacle Sunway.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 226: Automatic System for Hazardous Occupancy
Where hazardous processes, storage or occupancy are of such character as to
require automatic system sprinkles or other automatic extinguishing system, it
shall be of a type and standard appropriate or handled or for the safety of the
occupants.

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3.4 Pipework
Any of the materials which are suitable for the service pipe are equally suitable
for distribution pipes and the choice is very often based on individual preference,
initial costs and possible maintenance costs.
3.4.1 Copper pipes
Copper pipes have a smooth bore giving low flow resistance, they are strong and
easily jointed and bent. Joints in copper pipes can be made by one of three
methods:
a) Manipulative compression joint:
the end of the pipe is manipulated to fit into the coupling fitting by means of a
special tool. No jointing material is required and the joint offers great resistance
to being withdrawn. It is usually by a law requirement that this type of joint is
used on service pipes below ground.
b) Non-manipulative compression joint:
no manipulation is required to the cut end of the pipe, the holding power of the
joint relies on the grip of a copper cone wedge within the joint fitting.
c) Capillary joint:
the application of heat makes the soft solder contained in a groove in the fitting
flow around the end of the pipe which has been cleaned and coated with a
suitable flux to form a neat and rigid joint. Examples of copper pipe joints are
shown in Figure
3.4.2 Steel pipes
Steel pipes for domestic water supply can be obtained as black tube, galvanized
or coated and wrapped for underground services. The joining is usually made
with a tapered thread and socket fitting, to ensure a sound joint, stranded hemp
and jointing paste should be wrapped around the thread; alternatively a non-
contaminating white plastic seal type can be used. ( see Figure 4 )

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3.4.3 Polythene pipe
Polythene pipe is very light in weight, easy to joint, non-toxic and is available in
long lengths, which gives a saving on the number of joints required. Jointing of
polythene pipes are generally of the compression type using a metal or plastic
liner to the end of the tube ( see Figure 4 ). To prevent undue sagging polythene
pipes should be adequately fixed to the wall with saddle clips, recommended
spacings are fourteen times the outside diameter for horizontal runs and twenty-
four times outside diameter for vertical runs.
3.4.4 Unplasticised PVC (UPVC)
This is plastic pipe for cold water services which is supplied in straight lengths up
to 9000mm long and in standard colors of grey, blue and black. Jointing can be
by a screw thread but the most common method is by solvent welding. This
involves cleaning and chamfering the end of the pipe which is coated with the
correct type of cement and pushed into a straight coupling which has also been
given a similar coat of cement.
Figure 3.4.4.1 shows pipe joint details.
Source: Chudley, R. 1987

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3.4.5 Piping
CWS - Condensed water supply: To help the mechanical equipments lose heat
CRW - Condensed water return: To be recycle to lose heat gained
CHWS - Chilled water supply: To cool the refrigerant
CHWR - Chilled water return: Return to Cooling Tower
Analysis
According to MS 1525 code 8.5:
"All piping installed to serve buildings and within buildings should be adequately
insulated to prevent excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with vapor
barriers may be required to prevent condensation under some conditions."
Figure 3.4.5.1 shows the piping in chilled
water room in Pinnacle Sunway.

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3.5 Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids by mechanical action. Pumps can be
classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the
fluid: direct lift, displacement and gravity pumps. Figure 3.5.1 shows 2 pumps
that found in the water supply room. This device are called booster pump.
Figure 3.5.2 shows that a series of valves and piping and can the water storage
is behind the wall
Figure 3.5.1 shows the pumps used by
Pinnacle Sunway.

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Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 section 247(2): Water storage
Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for hose reel systems,
shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade
pumping inlet connections accessible to fire appliances.
The water supply system in Pinnacle Sunway is split into two parts. First is that
the water supply from the ground floor to level 15. Second part would be starting
from level 15 to level 26.The building needs separated pumps is because due to
the building is too high, so the pump couldn't achieve such powerful pressure to
pump the water to the top of the building.
Figure 3.5.3 shows the pumps starting from level 15 to the roof of Pinnacle
Sunway.

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3.6 Water Storage Tank
There are few interesting water storage tank which located at the top floor of
Pinnacle Sunway. The name of the water tank is called "Hot Dipped Galvanized
Steel Tank". Basically the system is simple and yet cost effective and requires a
very short time for installation. The steel panels are bolted together for water
storage typically for fire protection systems, domestic water and air conditioning
systems in building. These water storage tanks are normally supplied complete
with covers, internal and external ladders, and water level indicators and are
mostly hot dip galvanized for corrosion protection. The pressed steel water
storage tanks are bolted together from the outside with seal strip and bitumen
compound for water tightness.
Figure 3.6.1 shows hot dipped galvanized water storage tank.

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Figure 3.6.2 shows the location of water tank at Basement Level in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 247: Water Storage
1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for firefighting system and
installation shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the tenth
schedule to these by - laws.
2) Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for the hose reel
system, shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire
brigade pumping inlet connection accessible to fire appliances.
3) Storage tanks for automatic sprinkle installation where full capacity is provided
without the need for replenishment shall be exempted from the restrictions in
their location.

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There are two parts of water supply services that serve Pinnacle Sunway.
Figure 3.6.3: Schematic diagram
showing the piping system from
the ground floor to level 15
Figure 3.6.4: Schematic diagram
showing the water supply
system from level 15 to level 26

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3.7 Conclusion
To conclude that, we have identified and understood relevant information related
to water supply system and sewerage system. We have understood how each
components functions and its connectivity, as well as space implications.
Therefore, we can conclude that the fundamental purpose of water supply
system is to make sure every floor from the ground floor to the top floor that there
is an adequate supply of clean water.

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SEWERAGE & SANITARY SYSTEM
Sanitary fittings or appliances can be considered under two headings:
1) Soil fitments: those which are used to remove soil water and human excrete
such as water closets and urinals.
2) Waste water fitments: those which are used to remove the waste water from
washing and the preparation of food including appliances such as wash basins,
baths, showers and sinks.
4.1.1 Sanitation Components and Systems
All sanitary appliances should be made from impervious materials, be quiet in
operation, easy to clean and be of a convenient shape fixed at a suitable height.
A number of materials are available for most domestic sanitary fittings including:
1) Vitreous china: a white clay body which is vitried and permanently fused with a
vitreous glazed surface when fired at a very high temperature generally to the
recommendations of BS 3402. Appliances made from this material are non-
corrosive, hygienic and easily cleans with a mild detergent or soap solution.
2) Glazed fireclay: consists of a porous ceramic body glazed in a similar manner
to vitreous china; they are exceptionally strong and resistant to impact damage
but will allow water penetration of the body if the protective glazing is damaged.
Like vitreous china, these appliances are non-corrosive, hygienic and easily
cleaned.
3) Vitreous enamel: this is a form of glass which can be melted and used to
available, the choice usually being one of personal preference. BS 1188 gives
recommendations for ceramic wash basins and pedestals and specifies two
basic sizes. 6356 x 457 and 559 x 406. These basins are a one-piece fitment
having an integral overflow, separate waste outlet and generally pillar taps Figure
4.1.). Wash basins can be supported on wall - mounted cantilever brackets, leg
supports or pedestals. The pedestals are made from identical material to the
wash basin and are recessed at the back to receive the supply pipes most
manufacturers recommend that small wall mounted safety brackets are also
used. to the taps and the waste pipe from the bowl. Although pedestals are
designed to fully support the wash basin most recommend that small wall
mounted safety brackets are also used.

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Figure 4.1.1: Shows wc pans and cisterns.
Source: Chudley, R. 1987.

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4.2 PIPEWORK
Approved Document H sets out in detail the recommendations for soil pipes,
waste pipes and ventilating pipes. These regulations govern such things as
minimum diameters of soil pipes, material requirements, provision of adequate
waste seals by means of an integral trap and non- integral trap, the positioning of
soil pipes on the inside of a building, overflow pipework and ventilating pipes.
The only pipework which is permissible on the outside of the external wall is any
waste pipe from a waste appliance situated at ground floor level providing such a
pipe discharges into a suitable trap with a grating and the discharge is above the
level of the water but below the level of the grating.
Three basic pipework systems are in use for domestic work, namely:
1. One-pipe system
2. Two-pipe system
3. Single stack system
Whichever system is adopted the functions of quick, reliable and quiet removal of
the discharges to the drains remains constant.
One-pipe system
It consists of a single discharge pipe which conveys both soil and waste water
directly to the drain. To ensure that water seals in the traps are not broken deep
seals of 75 mm for waste pipes up to 65 mm diameter and 50 mm for pipes over
75 mm diameter are required. To allow for unrestricted layout of appliances
layout of appliances most branch pipes will require an anti-siphon arrangement.
(Figure 4.2.1) . The advantage of this system is the flexibility of appliance layout;
the main disadvantage is cost; and generally the one-pipe system has been
superseded by the more restricted. This system has been applied in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 4.2.1: Shows One-pipe system

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Figure 4.2.2: Shows Schematic Diagram of Sewerage & Sanitary System of
Pinnacle Sunway.

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4.3 TRAPS
The principal function of a trap is to provide a water sea between the drainage
piping that connects to the outside sewer and the fixture. This water seal
prevents entry into the building of odors, sewer gas and vermin from the sewer,
via the fixture. All traps operate on the principle of siphonage. As water is added
to the inlet end, an equal quantity of water leaves the outlet end, provided the
pressures at both ends are approximately equal.
Figure 4.3.1: various type of fixture traps. Water closets (a) have integral traps.
Other fixtures (b) normally use the p (1
/2 s) trap. The drum trap (c) is prohibited
because it is not self-cleaning. The full s trap (d) is not permitted because it may
seld-siphon if the outlet vertical leg fills with waste. The bell trap (e) is prohibited
because it fouls easily.

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Refer to Figure 4.3.1, only the P trap is acceptable by CODE. Traps must be self-
scouring, that is, self-cleansing. That means that all the polluted water that enters
the inlet, with all the suspended particles of soap, dirt, waste and the like, must
travel completely through the trap, leaving a seal of clean water. The drum trap
has a tendency to collect material and will not self-clean. The bell trap and traps
with moving parts tend to foul easily. The S trap will self-siphon as soon as the
outlet leg fills with water. These traps are therefore, prohibited. A standard P trap
may not be installed more than 24 inch below the fixture drain because the
momentum of water falling from a greater height might destroy the trap seal by
simply pushing all the water out of the trap. The length of the trap arm may not
exceed that shown. (Figure 4.3.2). The reason for this limitation is to prevent self-
siphoning due to sloping of the trap arm to a point below the weir level of the
trap. The trap would then self-siphon exactly like a full S trap. The limited trap
arm length also ensures the adequate air movement that is required for proper
venting and pressure equalizing. A fixture trap should be the same pipe size as
the waste pipe to which it is connected. All traps must be accessible for cleaning
and must have a cleanout plug, because sooner or later all traps need
maintenance.
Figure 4.3.2:: The maximum distance between the weir of a trap and the inside wall of
the vent pipe to which it connects is specified by code. The trap arm is sloped towards
the waste pipe. It must never be so long that the flow of wter will block the vent pipe.
That is, the top of the vent connection must be above the trap weir. The minimum trap
arm length, also specified by code, is two pipe diameters.

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4.4 Venting
The purpose of venting each fixture trap should be fairly apparent at this point. It
is useful, however, to review and summarize the purpose and functioning of vent
piping. First, it must be emphasized that, every vent extends through the roof into
outside air. This is true for a vent extension of a soil/waste stack. The stack
always extends into fresh air so that it can supply or exhaust air, as required by
the flow of waste in the drain piping.
Venting performs the following functions:
a) It provides an air vent at each fixture trap. This ensures atmospheric pressure
on the outlet side of the fixture trap. This, in turn, prevents the trap seal from
being blown out or sucked out by pressures generated by drainage flow.
b) It provides a safe path to exhaust sewer gases and foul odors that come from
the sewer connection via the drainage piping. Building vent piping acts as a
sewer vent in the absence of a building trap and a street level fresh air vent.
c) It fills the drainage piping with fresh air, thus reducing odors, corrosion and the
formation of slime in the piping.
d) It aids in the smooth flow of drainage that occurs when air moves freely in a
drain pipe.
Types of vent
a) Individual vent - The simplest, most direct, most effective way of venting a
fixture trap is to provide an individual vent for every trap. This vent arrangement
is also called continuous venting and back venting. It is called continuous venting
because the vent is a continuation of the drain to which it connects. It is called a
back vent because the vent pipe extends up behind the fixture, and it called an
individual vent because there is one for each fixture.
b) Branch vent - A branch vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents
to a vent stack.
c) Common vent - A common vent is a single vent that connects to a common
drain for back to back fixtures
d) Stack vent - A stack vent is an extension of a soil stack to fresh air above the
roof. This extension begins above the highest fixture branch connection. Stack
venting is used principally in single family homes and on the top floor of
multistory buildings.

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Figure 4.4.1 shows schematic diagram of Pinnacle Sunway sewerage system

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Analysis:
Under Law Of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage, Building Act 1974, Section
56(1)
Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil pipe state that: “no pipes used in the
carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose of carrying off
soil and drainage from any privy or water closet or sullage water.”
Under Law of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage, Building Act 1974, Section 57
No water pipe, stack pipes or down spout used for conveying surface water from
any premises shall be used or permitted to serve or to act as ventilating shaft to
any drain or sewer.
4.5 Conclusion
In conclusion, sewerage system plays an important role in the building. The aim
is to keep the cleanliness and hygienic of the building away from the human
wastes and odors. We have clearly analyze and studied about each components
with its own functions. Besides, through our observation of the services in
Pinnacle Sunway, they obeyed accordingly to Law Of Malaysia.

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MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Vertical transportation normally use in high-rises building to transport passengers
from one vertical floors to another inside a building. All buildings with more than
one storey must have at least one set of stairs and the provision of stairs is a
very important consideration when designing building in order to ensure all the
occupants of the building can travel between different floors. Mechanical
transportation such as lift is advance vertical transportation which provides
convenience to passengers to travel between floors in the building.
Lift is an electrical apparatus for raising and lowering people or goods to different
floors of the building. A lift installation has an important bearing on the efficient
functioning of the building it serves, and to obtain different efficient service the
number and type of lifts must take into account several factors including the type
of building and nature of its occupancy. Ideal performance of a lift installation will
provide minimum waiting time car for each floor, comfortable acceleration, rapid
transportation and rapid loading and unloading at all stops. Lifts have
architectural design impact due to the passenger satisfaction, oriented service
consideration, and more important, the major space elements which integrated
into a building is the design of lift lobby. In all types of buildings a lift lobby is
desirable and should be large enough to allow traffic to move in both directions
on the landing without being obstructed by people waiting for the lift. Lift lobbies
should be visible from entrance halls. The unit of lift needed in a building is
determined by the population of the building, initial cost and maintenance cost. A
number of lifts are preferably to group together to reduce waiting time and cost of
installation. There are two types of lift which are electrical lift and oil hydraulic lift.
Consideration of types of lift is based on the requirement of building design.
The distant and location of lift is designed based on UBBL (Uniform Building By
Law). The consideration of division of rider traffic between lifts in office building is
important. Lifts should be sited in the central area and take into account the
proximity of entrances to the building and staircases.

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5.2 Vertical Transportation
5.2.1 Introduction & Function of Lift
The Pinnacle Sunway is an office high-rises building consists of 2 groups of lift
and 1 group of fire-fighter lift. Each group consists of 6 lifts. Lift for low zone
mainly serves for basement level to level 13th
while high zone lifts mainly serves
for level 13ath
to 25th
. From ground floor to 13th
floor of the building are operating
by the motor room at low zone while from 13ath
floor to 25th
floor are operating by
another motor room at high zone. Fire-fighter lift operates all the way from
ground floor to 25th
floor.
Figure 5.2.1.1: Floor plan which
indicate lifts at low zone area (Ground
floor to 13th
floor)
Figure 5.2.1.2: Lift motor room which
operate low zone lifts located at 16th
floor

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Figure 5.2.1.3: Section of low zone lift
shaft and machine room location

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Figure 5.2.1.4: Floor plan which
indicate lifts at high zone area (13ath
floor to 25th
floor)
Figure 5.2.1.5: Lift motor room which
operate high zone lifts located at 26th
floor

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Figure 5.2.1.5: Section of high zone lift shaft and machine room location

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Figure 5.2.1.7: the entrance to the lift lobby.
5.2.2 Operation of System
The pinnacle Sunway uses “gear-less traction elevators” for the lift system as the
building has 25th
floor which hydraulic system of lift can only reach 20 meters
height of the building. The elevators car is computerized system control which is
computerized and all the control happens in the control room located at the
ground floor. The system keeps connection between monitoring server and the
passengers in lift. The system will showcase the location of each lift all the time.
The system will also inform to monitor server when there are any elevator
breakdown which helps the mechanic to take immediate action. There are low
zone and high zone machine room dedicated to the elevators.

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Figure 5.2.2.1: Control room located at ground floor of Pinnacle Sunway
Figure 5.2.2.2: Dedicated elevator display computer terminals are part of the
extensive control and communication equipment installed at the control room

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Figure 5.2.2.3: Immediate answer when emergency happens from the elevator
and the system clearly stated the location of calls from which level and shaft of
elevator.

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Figure 5.2.2.4: Key switch panel to be located at control room which allows
admins to control the lift car when emergency or breakdown happens. Elevators
traveling away from this designated landing reverse direction and proceed
without stopping. Upon reaching the designated landing, passengers are able to
exit the elevator and building safely.

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5.3 Component of System
5.3.1 Lift System
In Pinnacle Sunway lift system, electric lift system have been applied. They are
exclusively driven by traction machines and gearless. The designation “traction”
means that the power from an electric motor is transmitted to the multiple rope
suspension of the car and a counterweight by friction between the specially
shaped grooves of the driving or traction sheave of the machine and the ropes. In
a gearless traction machine, they have the wheel attached directly to the motor.
Gear-less traction elevators in Pinnacle of Sunway are capable of speeds up to
2000 feet per minute. This machine-room-less traction elevator is the result of
technological advancements that often allow a significant reduction in the size of
the electric motors used with traction equipment.
Figure 5.3.1.1:
Components of a gear-
less traction elevator.

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Figure 5.3.1.2: Lift well plan at lift lobby located at ground floor with 6 lifts
services provided in this building

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Figure 5.3.1.3: Dimension of lift car cage with standard rules and regulation by
Pinnacle Sunway and have been recognize by fire department to ensure fire
safety purpose.
Figure 5.3.1.4: Front view and structural lift shafts of the lifts with appropriate
dimension especially for disable people with wheel chairs to access lift.

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Figure 5.3.1.5: Sectional drawings of the lift door with proper dimensions and fire
rated.
Figure 5.3.1.5: Interior of the lift car cage for fire-fighter lift which approved by fire
department.

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Figure 5.3.1.6: Fireman’s toggle switch located beside the fire-fighter lift which
enables fire-fighters to use in order to rescue people who may be trapped on
upper floors during an event of fire in a building.

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5.3.2 Machine Room
In Pinnacle Sunway, machine room located at the top of the low zone and high
zone of lift shaft, as this position provides the greatest efficiency. The room
ventilated with air-conditioning to ensure the motor not overheated when it’s
under operation.
Figure 5.3.2.1: machine room layout plan with proper dimension, rules and
regulation.

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Figure 5.3.2.2: High-torque electric motors powered either by AC. A brake is
mounted between the motor and drive sheave (or gearbox) to hold the elevator
stationary at a floor.

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Figure 5.3.2.3: This brake is an external drum type and is actuated by spring
force and held open electrically; a power failure will cause the brake to engage
and prevent the elevator from falling.
Figure 5.3.2.4: Machine room inside the building with several gear-less high-
torque electric motors.

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Figure 5.3.2.5: By using variable voltage variable frequency technology, the
elevator control cabinet is able to achieve constant speed regulation on motor
and elevator speed, which helps make sure passengers feel comfortable during
elevator starting and operation. It also improves the elevator operation efficiency
and saves energy consumption.

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5.3.3 Operating Panel
Elevator car operating panel in pinnacle of Sunway uses “The Destination
Oriented Allocation System: DOAS” system. This system allocates passengers to
cars depending on destination floors. When a passenger enters a destination
floor at a hall, the hall operating panel immediately indicates which car will serve
the floor. Because the destination floor is already registered, the passenger does
not need to press a button in the car. Furthermore, dispersing passengers by
destination prevents congestion in cars and minimizes waiting and traveling time.
Figure 5.3.3.1: The operating panel from outside of lift with touchscreen
technology while inside of the lift without any floor selection button due to card
access system to register the floor level.

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Figure 5.3.3.2: Diagram showing the advantages of DOAS system.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 153: Smoke Detector for Lift Lobby.
1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.
2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices
controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close
feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door
to close within a preset time.
Lift lobby should be large enough to allow traffic to move in two directions.
Referring to UBBL 1984 clause 124, a lift shall be provided for non-residential
building which exceeds 4 storeys above or below main entrance. It is also
essential in building less than 4 storeys if access for elder or disabled is required.
Minimum walking distance to lift shall not exceed 45m. Lift should be sited in the
central area of a building to minimize the horizontal travel distance.

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5.4 Design Consideration
In my opinion, the design of gear-less traction system for lift system able to
achieve comfortable environment for passengers with smoothness of the ride,
minimal travel time and low degree of noise. While on the other hand, for “The
Destination Oriented Allocation System” on operating panel might not working
well due to no floor level button provided inside the lift. Visitors who without any
card would not able to change the floor level once they enter the lift. The system
with two machine rooms for low zone and high zone are well-designed which
able to achieve and maintain the efficiency of the elevators. The position and
distant of the lift lobby are located in the centre of the ground floor with proper
consideration and refers to rules and regulations.
5.5 Conclusion
Vertical transportation plays an important role in high rises office like Pinnacle
Sunway which able to bring convenience to the occupants and disable people.
According to Uniform Building By Laws (UBBL), The Pinnacle Sunway concerns
on the human flow inside the building which provided 2 groups of lift and 1 group
of fire-fighting lift. Proper arrangement of the lift location which located at the
central of the lobby without exceed certain distant from the main entrance reflects
the rules and regulation of fire protection system. Proper maintenance check-up
held regularly ensure occupants use this services comfortable and convenience.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Fire is a result of the chemical combustion which content the present of major
element such as:
a) Fuel b) Oxygen c) Heat
It is visible, tangible side effect of matter changing form. In controlled state, fire
is most useful and beneficial of mankind who virtually depends upon it for
survival. In uncontrolled and wild state, has no mercy and respect for persons
and places.
The purpose of the fire protection system no matter is active or passive, both
play an important roles in saving human’s life and prevent the passage and
spread of smoke and fire from one area to another area of building, to allow
occupants have a safe escape of the building. Furthermore, fire protection is to
prevent and reduce the amount of damage to the building structures and reduce
the risk of collapse for the emergency services which could achieve through:
1. Education of Fire Protection System
2. Active Fire Protection
3. Passive Fire Protection
6.1.1 Education of Fire Protection System
Educating the operators and owners about the emergency precautions to be
taken in the case of fire occurred. Fire precaution system is essential to effective
management of a fire scene. Precaution to take place in order to avoid the
unwanted effects that may result in loss of human’s life. While fire protection
system act as an reaction taken in particular building in order to have more time
to escape. Therefore, Fire Protection Systems focuses on the operational
characteristics and abilities of different types of systems and equipment that are
used during department operation to access a water source, apply a suppression
agent to control a particular type of fire, provide information concerning the
location of a fire, and more. By ensure the operators and owners were fully
understood about the fire safety, a designed fire safety plan is needed to
understand the applicable of building fire codes.

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6.1.2 Active Fire Protection (AFP)
Active Fire Protection (AFP) system is a system that can include manual or
automatic fire detection and fire suppression. There are always on alert and first
to act in case of fire. The overall aim of active system is to extinguish the fire by:
 Detecting the fire early and evacuate the building.
 Alerting emergency services at an early stage of the fire.
 Control the movement of smoke and fire.
 Suppress and/ or starve the fire of oxygen and fuel.
6.1.3 Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is one components of structural fire protection,
which provide existing fire safety to the building and safety prevention in the
Pinnacles Sunway. It is also to maintain fundamental requirements of building
compartmentation, structural stability, fire separation and safe means of escape.
Passive fire system helps to slow down the fire spread when event of fire
occurred. Passive fire protection in concentrate to design of building which
included escape route, emergency access, opening protection and uses of
materials that are always present and do not rely on the operation of any form of
mechanical device. Passive systems in the form of fire rated doors, barrier,
ceilings and structural fire protection.

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6.2 Active Fire Protection (AFP)
6.2.1 Smoke Detector
Smoke detector is an indicator of fire. It is one of the important safety tools to
detect smoke or heat from fire in the building. Smoke detectors in large
commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central
fire alarm system.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 153: Smoke Detectors for Lift Lobbies.
1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.
2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices
controlled by light beam or photo detectors unless incorporated with a force close
feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door
to close within a pre-set time.
Figure 6.2.1.1: Photoelectric smoke detector
There are two most commonly type of smoke detection that are ionization smoke
detector and photoelectric smoke detector. Pinnacle Sunway is equipped with
photoelectric smoke detector. Photoelectric smoke alarms are generally more
responsive to fires that begin with a long period of Photoelectric-type alarms aim
a light source into a sensing chamber at an angle away from the sensor. Smoke
enters the chamber, reflecting light onto the light sensor; triggering the alarm.

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Figure 6.2.1.2: Sensing chamber in a photoelectric smoke detector. Smoke
particles deflect the light beam and trigger the alarm.
Source: http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G1907

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6.2.2 Fire Control Room
Figure 6.2.2.1: shows Fire Control Room (Red Box) is located at ground floor
which near to the main lobby.
According to the guidelines, the fire control room has to meet the requirement of
the building that has an effective height of more than 50m and shall be separated
from the rest of the building by two-hour fire rated elements of structure.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 238: Command and Control Centre
Every large premises or building exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be
provided with a command and control center located on the designated floor and
shall contain a panel to monitor the public address, fire brigade communication,
sprinkler, water flow detectors, fire detection and alarm systems and with a direct
telephone connection to the appropriate fire station by passing the switchboard.

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As a result, Pinnacle Sunway meets the condition of UBBL. It is located at the
ground floor which near to the main lobby, lift and staircase. In addition, it is also
located next to the security room, so the guards can observe the control room
continuously and able to take an appropriate action when there are any signals
from the detectors come directly to the control unit.
Figure 6.2.2.2: The Fire Control Room in Pinnacle Sunway is fully equipped. For
instance, the building has a direct communication system to the nearest
firefighting station to allow for immediate warnings via Digital Alarm
Communicator “Direct Link” to Jambatan Bomba.

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The general requirements for Fire Control Room are:
a) Have a minimum floor area of 10 m2
, can be larger depending on the
equipment required.
b) Be sited near the main entrance to the building’s main lobby in a
designated room.
c) Preferably be adjacent to a fire lift lobby or any other location as
designated by the relevant authority.
d) Be accessible via 2 paths of travel. One form the front entrance and the
other form a public place or fire-isolated passageway, which leads to a
public space and has a two-hour fire rated door.
e) Have an independent air handing system if mechanical ventilation is
provided throughout the building.
f) Be adequately illuminated to not less than 400 lux.
g) Provide the ability to communicate (e.g. via telephones and loudspeakers)
with all parts of the building, and with fire and other emergency services.
h) Be provided with insulation from ambient building noise.
i) Be under the control of the Chief Fire Warden (or similar appointed
person).
A Fire Control Room must contain the following facilities:
a) Automatic fire alarm and sprinkler indicator boards with facilities for
sounding and switching off alarms and visual status indication for all
relevant fire pumps, smoke control fans, air-handling systems, generators
and other required fire safety equipment installed in the building
depending on the circumstances and the system present in each building
shown in Figure 6.2.2.2.
b) A telephone connected directly to the external exchange.
c) The control console of the Emergency Warning and Intercommunication
System (EWIS) shown in Figure 6.2.2.2.
d) A blackboard or whiteboard not less than 1200mm.
e) A pin board not less than 1200mm wide x 1000mm high.
f) A raked plan layout table of a size suitable for laying out the building plans
g) A repeater panel of the lifts position indicator board.

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h) A switch to isolate background music when required.
i) Remote switching controls for gas or electrical supplies.
j) Building security, surveillance and management systems if they are
completely segregated from all other systems shown in Figure 6.2.2.3.
Figure 6.2.2.3: Building security, surveillance and management system can be
seen in the Fire Control Room.

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6.2.3 Fire Alarm System
In Pinnacle Sunway, there are two types of fire alarm mechanisms that need to
be installed in the building to notify people in the building that there may be a fire
and need to be evacuated. The fire alarm mechanisms are fire emergency light
and fire alarm bell.
Figure 6.2.3.1: The schematic diagram of the fire alarm system in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 155: Fire Mode of Operation
1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm
panel which may be activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the
building or manually.
2) If mains power is available all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the
designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any car or
landing calls, overriding the emergency stop button inside the car, but not any
other emergency or safety devices, and park with doors open.
3) The fire lifts shall then be available for use by the fire brigade on operation of
the fireman’s switch.
4) Under this mode of operation, the fire lift shall only operate in response to car
calls but not to landing calls in a mode of operation in accordance with by-law
154.
5) In the event of main power failure, all lift shall return in sequence directly to the
designated floor and operate under emergency power.

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Under UBBL 1984 Section 237: Fire Alarms
1) Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these
by-laws.
2) All premises and building with gross floor area excluding car park and storage
area exceeding 9290 square meters or exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be
provided with a two-stage alarm system with evacuation (continuous signal) to be
given immediately in the affected section of the premises while an alert
(intermittent signal) be given in adjoining section.
3) Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of the premises by action
of a master control.
In Pinnacle Sunway, the fire alarm system is set up to alert the occupants
through noise, light or both at the same time. The fire alarm system there has
installed fire emergency light and fire alarm bell as well.
Figure 6.2.3.2: The picture shows the fire emergency light, control panel box,
alarm bell and emergency break glass installed in Pinnacle Sunway.

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Emergency Light
The function of fire emergency light is to alert people in the building through light
and sound. This mechanism is effective for people whom are deaf or poor
hearing that could not be able to hear the fire alarm bell instead they might notice
the fire emergency light in order for them to evacuate. The light in green showed
normal situation as for the red light showed fire in order for people to evacuate.
The emergency light usually installed in a common area for immediate and
effective way for people to evacuate or to escape.
Alarm Bell
Alarm bell is also named as alarm sounder shown in Figure, functionally in
manual or automatic as it can be operated from the fire control room as well as
by breaking down the glass of manual call point. If a smoke detector detects
smoke or heat or someone operates a manual call point, then alarm bell will
operate to alert others in the building that there may be a fire and to evacuate. It
may also incorporate remote signaling equipment, which would alert the fire
brigade via a central station.
Manual Call Point
A manual call point is an emergency break glass device that enables the
occupants to raise the alarm by breaking the frangible element on the fascia.
Most of the manual call points mounted 1.4m from the floor and installed where
they can be easily seen especially on the floor landings of stairways and at exits
to open air. Moreover, the manual call points should be installed on the floor side
of an access door to a staircase so the floor of origin is indicated at the control
panel. Extra call points should be installed, where necessary, so that the greatest
travel distance from any point in the building to the nearest call point does not
exceed 30m. A greater number of call points may be needed in high risk area or
if the occupants are likely to be slow in movement.

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6.2.4 Fireman Intercom System
Fire intercom system provides a communication between the Master Console, or
commonly known as Fire Command Centre and the remote Handset Stations.
The system consists of a remote handset station and Master control panel which
is normally installed at the Fire Control Room. The Intercom handset stations are
located at staircases of each floor in Pinnacle Sunway. At the Master control
panel, a call alert lamp shall flash with audible signal when there is incoming call.
Upon lifting the handset, the audible signal will be silenced. The master control
panel is also equipped with a fault indicator unit to indicate the type of fault as
shown in Figure 6.2.4.1.
Figure 6.2.4.1 Fire intercom system in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 6.2.4.2 shows the schematic diagram of Fireman Intercom System.

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6.2.5 Water Based System
6.2.5.1 External Fire Hydrant System
External fire hydrant system consists of hydrants connected to same pipeline; the
other end of the pipeline is attached to the pumps and water supply tank of the
firefighting room. The firefighting hydrant line is close loop pipe system to
maintain the pressure in the water hydrant firefighting system. The networks of
pipes are located underground. The hydrants are used in case of emergency
when there is need for more water. The fireman connects their equipment to the
outlets of the hydrant, forcing water into the system. When a hydrant valve is
opened, the system experiences a drop in water pressure. The drop in water
pressure is detected by a pressure switch which is turn starts the booster pumps,
drawing water from the water supply to increase the water pressure of the
system. This water has a water pressure of 50 – 70 psi. Water from the hydrant
is then directed through the lay flat fire hose to a nozzle, which is the directed to
the seat of a fire.
Figure 6.2.5.1.1: External fire hydrant is found at right outside of Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 6.2.5.1.2: Detail drawing of water hydrant fire-fighting system.
Source: http://www.naffco.com/product.php?groups_id=305&prod_id=594

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6.2.5.2 Fire Pump Room
Figure 6.2.5.2.1: Fire Pump Room of Pinnacle Sunway is located at Basement 2.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 247(2) Water Storage
Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for hose reel systems,
shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade
pumping inlet connections accessible to fire appliances.

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Figure 6.2.5.2.2: Fire Pump Room in basement level 2 of Pinnacle Sunway which
respects the UBBL law.
Jockey Pump
It works together with a fire-pump as part of the protection system. It is designed
to maintain the pressure in the system elevated to a specific level when the
system is elevated to a specific level when the system is not in use, so that the
fire pump doesn’t go off randomly. It can also help prevent the system from
damage when a fire happens and water rushes into the pipes.
Duty Pump
When pressure in pipe goes down, duty pump takes the lead and supply enough
pressure of water to maintain the system in running order. However, if this pump
fails to run due to some defaults, standby pump is activated automatically by the
system. Duty pump can be switched off manually from the control panel in case
of necessity.
Standby Pump
The standby pump acts as the same function of duty pump. It replaces the
function of duty pump when the duty pump does not function as required or is
under repair. Standby pump can be manually from the control panel switch off.

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Figure 6.2.5.2.3: Shows Jockey Pump in Fire Pump Room.
Figure 6.2.5.2.4: Shows Duty Pump in Fire Pump Room.
Figure 6.2.5.2.5: Shows Standby Pump in Fire Pump Room.

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6.2.5.3 Sprinkler System
A fire sprinkler system consists of a system water supply system, providing
adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which
fire sprinklers are connected.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 228: Sprinkler Valves
The distance between 2 sprinklers should be at a maximum distance of 4.6
meters. Distance between 2 sprinklers is about 3 meters. Hence, Pinnacle
Sunway reaches the requirement of the protection fire according to UBBL law.
Figure 6.2.5.3.1: shows the dimension between two sprinkler head is 4 m wide
and 3 m high of sprinkler system in Pinnacle Sunway.
Pinnacle Sunway is installed with a wet sprinkler system. The piping network of
the sprinkler is constantly pressurized with water. When there is a fire and
excess heat, the temperature rating of the affected sprinkler head silicon bulb will
rupture and water will spray from the actuated sprinkler head. Pressure in the
pipeline will drop and once the pressure drop below the preset value, the
pressure switch will activate and pump set will run automatically. Fire control
room will manually sound the alarm valve mechanical gong and affected zone
flow switch. Fire alarm bells will activate.
4 m
4 m
3 m

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Pressure Switch
Alarm pressure switch in Pinnacle Sunway is typically installed on top of the
retard chamber into a one half inch tapped outlet. A time delay is not needed
when using a pressure switch because the retard chamber will divert water
flowing through the alarm line during pressure surges from the city water supply.
A drip valve allows water to drain from the chamber. Alarm pressure switches are
pre-set to alarm at 4 to 8 PSI on rising pressure. The pressure setting can be
field adjusted to obtain a specific pressure alarm response between 4 and 20 PSI.
Figure 6.2.5.3.2: Shows the sprinkler pump characteristic data of Pinnacle
Sunway.
Water supplied to these pump is stored in a reinforced concrete tank found next
to the pumping station. The tank is connected to a 4-way breeching inlet to
enable the fire brigade to pump water into the system in case of disruption in
water supply.

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Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 226: Automatic System for Hazardous Occupancy
Where hazardous processes, storage or occupancy are of such character as to
require automatic system sprinklers or other such character as to require
automatic system sprinklers or other automatic extinguishing system, it shall be
of a type and standard appropriate to extinguish fire in the hazardous materials
stored or handled or for the safety of the occupants.
Figure 6.2.5.3.3: Shows the schematic diagram of sprinkler system in Pinnacle
Sunway.

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Figure 6.2.5.3.4: Shows the details of the sprinkler system in Pinnacle Sunway.
Standard Sprinkler
The sprinkler being used in Pinnacle Sunway is standard sprinkler. It is held in a
closed state by the glass bulb. The bulb use pressure to hold the metal cap in
place, which acts as a plug in the system. These links are designed to break at
68 degree Celsius. When heat from the fire rises to the temperature, the glass
bulb will break. This releases the cap allowing water to be sprayed over the fire.
The cap may be facing upwards or downwards depending on the location used.
Figure 6.2.5.3.5: Close up of standard sprinkler

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In the deluge system, all sprinklers are open and normally there is no water in the
piping. When fire occurs, a supplementary detection system senses the fire and
automatically opens a water control valve. This allows water to flow through the
pining system to all sprinklers.
Figure 6.2.5.3.6: Typical Deluge System
Source: http://www.incontrolfp.com
Deluge Valves are diaphragm type valves designed for vertical or horizontal
installation for fire protection system service. They are used as “automatic water
control valves” in deluge, precaution and special types of fire protection systems
such as foam-water systems. When properly trimmed, the DV-5 Valves provide
actuation of fire alarms upon system operation.
Figure 6.2.5.3.7: Deluge System in Pinnacle
Sunway.

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6.2.5.4 Fire Hose Reel System
Figure 6.2.5.4.1: Location of fire hose reel in typical floor plan for Pinnacle
Sunway.
Fire Hose Reel is located in recess along corridors and provided with up to 45m
of reinforced rubber hose, so that all parts of a floor area not exceeding 800m2
are covered by one installation. Included in calculation can be an allowance of 6
m for the water jet. A minimum delivery of 24 l/min is recommended at the reel
most distant from the source of water, when the two most remote reels are
operating simultaneously.
Figure 6.2.5.4.2: Fire hose reel on site.

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Figure 6.2.5.4.3: Shows the hose reel pump characteristic data of Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 6.2.5.4.4: Shows the detail drawings of hose reel pump system in
Pinnacle Sunway.

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Figure 6.2.5.4.5: Shows the schematic diagram of Hose Reel & Wet Riser system
in Pinnacle Sunway.

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6.2.5.5 Wet Riser System
Figure 6.2.5.5.1: Location of wet riser in typical floor plan for Pinnacle Sunway.
Wet risers are a form of internal hydrant for the fireman to use and are always
pressurized with water. Wet risers are only required for buildings where the
topmost floor is higher than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level. In
Pinnacle Sunway, the wet riser is located at the lift lobby and at the fire staircase
exit of any floor. It supplies water from the water tank found in the fire pump room
through wet riser pipes and is distributed to canvas hoses and hose reel at each
floor. Jockey pump, duty pump and standby pump in the pump room channel the
water from the water tank to the hoses.

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Figure 6.2.5.5.2: Shows Wet Riser in Pinnacle Sunway.
Wet riser system comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into a
150mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which canvas
hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. A jockey
pump is usually provided to maintain system pressure. For high-rise buildings,
each stage of the wet riser should not exceed 70.15 meters.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 231: Installation and Testing of Wet Rising System
A hose connection shall be provided in each firefighting access lobby. Wet risers
shall be of minimum 152.4 mm diameter and shall be hydrostatically tested at a
pressure 50 % above the working pressure required and not less than 14 bars for
at least 24 hours. A wet riser outlet shall be provided in every staircase, which
extends from the ground floor level to the roof and shall be equipped with a 3
way 63.5 mm outlet above the roof line.
Under UBBL 1984 Section 248: Marketing on Wet Riser
Wet riser, dry riser, sprinkle and other fire installation pipes and fittings shall be
painted red. All cabinet and areas recessed in walls for location of fire
installations and extinguisher shall be clearly identified to the satisfaction of Fire
Authority or otherwise clearly identified.

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Figure 6.2.5.5.3: Shows the wet riser pump characteristic data of Pinnacle
Sunway.
Figure 6.2.5.5.4: Shows the detail drawings of wet riser pump system in Pinnacle
Sunway.

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6.2.5.6 Water Tank
The firewater storage tank is located at the basement level 1 in the fire pump
room. The wet riser system and water sprinkler system uses the same water.
The volume of water contained into the tank in sufficient to supply water to the
whole building.
Figure 6.2.5.6.1: Shows the location of water tank in basement level 2 in
Pinnacle Sunway.
Analysis
Under UBBL 1984 Section 247: Water Storage
1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for firefighting system and
installation shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the Tenth
Schedule to these By-laws.
2)Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for the hose reel
system, shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire
brigade pumping inlet connection accessible to fire appliances.
3) Storage tanks for automatic sprinkle installation where full capacity is provided
without the need for replenishment shall be exempted from the restrictions in
their location.

118 | P a g e
6.2.6 Non-water Based System
6.2.6.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fire Suppression System
Carbon dioxide is the combination of carbon and oxygen that is colourless,
odorless, electrically non-conductive gas and is also highly efficient as a fire
suppression agent. The carbon dioxide fire suppression system is the system
that is effective, reliable and fast-acting control panels to quickly sense a fire
before it can causes damage to property. Carbon dioxide gas has a high rate of
expansion that allows a carbon dioxide fire suppression system to work fast. In
addition, Carbon dioxide gas is also acting as a heat sink that absorbs
combustion energy. Carbon dioxide is stored in the cylinders as a liquid under
great pressure. It does not conduct electricity and will not normally damage
sensitive electronic equipment.
Figure 6.2.6.1.1: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fire Suppression System in Pinnacle
Sunway.
Carbon dioxide fire suppression system in Pinnacle Sunway is installed at the fire
control room, mechanical room and electrical room because the room consists of
various electrical equipments which will be hazardous to the occupants in the
building. Carbon dioxide must be used instead of water because the
extinguishing effect is achieved by displacing oxygen from the fire, causing it to
suffocate.

119 | P a g e
Figure 6.2.6.1.2: Shows the main components of Carbon Dioxide Fire
Suppression System
Source: http://www.ersaray.com.tr/CO2-Sondurme-Sistemleri.html
Figure 6.2.6.1.3: Shows the operation of Carbon Dioxide Fire Suppression
System in Pinnacle Sunway when there is on fire.

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