Overview 2009
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Overview of endocrinology:definitions, hormonal regulation, hormone action and pathology
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Overview 2009
- 1. OVERVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY Cecilia A. Jimeno, M.D. UPCM Dept of Pharmacology UP-PGH Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
- 4. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A worldwide epidemic Nature 414:782-787 (2001) 2000: 151 million 2010: 221 million Increase: 46%
- 5. Obesity is usually measured as Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI = Weight (kg) Height (m 2 ) World Health Organization, 1998 Classification BMI (kg/m 2 ) Risk co-morbidities Normal range 18.5 24.9 Average Overweight 25 Pre-obese 25 29.9 Increased Obese class I 30.0 34.9 Moderate Obese class II 35.0 39.9 Severe Obese class III 40.0 Very severe
- 6. FNRI 1987 to 1999 Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) Survey 1987-1999 Prevalence of OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY among Filipino Adults 3.2% 16.9% 1999 2.6% 14.0% 1993 1.7% 11.8% 1987 BMI > 30 BMI 25-29.9 Study Year
- 7. (WHO vs. Asia Pacific), FNRI 1999 20.1% 23.3% 1999 (AP) 3.2% 16.9% 1999 (WHO) Obese Overweight Study Year Prevalence of OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY among Filipino Adults Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) Survey 1987-1999
- 9. And who will forget these pts with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease?
- 18. Types of c-c comm; sites of hormone action
- 19. Comparison of Determinants of Endocrine (A) & Paracrine (B) Signaling
- 20. Comparison of Determinants of Endocrine (A) & Paracrine (B) Signaling
- 22. Four Primary Arenas of Hormone Action Hormones Growth & Development Reproduction Maintenance of Internal Environment Energy Production, Utilization & Storage
- 35. Glucagon: Insulin’s counter-regulatory hormone
- 36. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) Pro-ACTH B- LPH N-POC ACTH JP - MSH - MSH CLIP -LP H -End
- 42. Protein Binding of Cortisol Cortisol Transcortin (80%) Albumin (10%) Receptor DNA/mRNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucocorticoid response Ribosomes Glucocorticoid response Free Cortisol (5 -8%) (Macrocortin/lipomodulin)
- 69. Peripheral feedback mechanism & a million-fold amplifying cascade of hormonal signals
- 70. Model for regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion by three tiers of control
- 78. PROHORMONE HORMONE RECEPTOR EFFECTOR RESPONSE GLAND Degraded Degraded
- 79. PROHORMONE HORMONE RECEPTOR EFFECTOR RESPONSE GLAND Degraded Degraded HYPOFUNCTION Destruction Block BLOCK stimulation Antibodies Antagonists DEFECT Tissue damage
- 81. PROHORMONE HORMONE RECEPTOR EFFECTOR RESPONSE GLAND Degraded Degraded HYPERFUNCTION Tumor, hyperplasia Ectopic production Iatrogenic BLOCK Antibodies Tissue damage STIMULATION
- 85. Graves’ disease?
- 87. Acromegaly
- 88. Acromegaly
Editor's Notes
- 3 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 3 Slide 3: Obesity is usually measured as body mass index (BMI) The most common measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI). BMI is the ratio of body weight (kg) divided by height (m 2 ). Both weight and height can be measured very simply in the clinic and the BMI determined by calculation of the formula. Using BMI, it is possible to determine obesity by reference to internationally accepted “Grades”, commencing with “normal” (Grade 0) for individuals with a BMI <25 kg/m 2 and rising to “severely obese” at Grade 3 (BMI >40 kg/m 2 ).
- Prevalence of Overweight / Obesity in Adult Filipinos Applying the NIH / WHO guidelines to the results of the surveys conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Philippines from 1987 to 1999, one can see that the prevalence of overweight has increased in a 12 year period from 12% to 17%. Likewise, prevalence of obesity has almost doubled from 1.7% to 3.2%.
- Prevalence of Overweight / Obesity in Adult Filipinos (WHO vs.. AP) However, when the Asia-Pacific guidelines is used instead as it is more appropriate for our population, then one can appreciate the magnitude of the health problem we are currently facing. With the lower cutoff BMIs for obesity (>25) and overweight (>23), about 20% of adult Filipinos are considered obese, and an additional 23% are considered overweight. This means that 43% of adult Filipinos, or roughly 17 million, are either overweight or obese.
- Some neurotransmitters are also hormones (e..g dopamine, catecholamines) while some hormones are also neurotransmitters