GM crops can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in three main ways: 1) They allow for reduced use of pesticides and fertilizers, which saves on fuel used in farming equipment and leads to less nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, escaping into the atmosphere from fertilized fields. 2) Crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency traits require less nitrogen fertilizer, reducing associated greenhouse gas emissions from fertilizer production and runoff. 3) Drought tolerant crops in development could help farmers conserve water while maintaining yields, providing an adaptation strategy for climate change.