1. GLOBAL OUTREACH
PRESENTS…
EVENING
FOR
ELEPHANTS

2. STATUS
• African Elephants are a symbolic creature of Africa.
• Its population is steadily declining, as it has been
internationally acknowledged as vulnerable.
• There are only an estimated 470,000-690,000 African
Elephants left in the world today (“African Elephants”).
• Only 20% of the elephant population is under formal
protection (“African Elephants”).
• They are being forced out of their natural habitats in the
savannas of Eastern and Southern Africa, and in the tropical
rainforests of West and Central Africa (“African Elephants”).
• Samuel Wassner, warned that African Elephants are steadily
being pushed into extinction due to the ivory trade (Stiles).
• They could be extinct by 2020 at the current rate (Stiles).
• Populations that were thought to be increasing, have fallen
again due to the growing ivory trade (Shoumatoff).

4. CAUSES
• Many elephants are killed for bush meat. There is a lot of money to
be made in the bush meat trade with elephants.
• Meat prices range from 1-5 dollars per kilogram (Stiles).
• Hunters sell all parts of the elephant. The entire elephant itself sells
for almost 10,000 dollars (Stiles).
• In some cases, bush meat may cost more than ivory (Stiles).
• With an increasing number of changes in land-use, the growth of
human population and extensive agriculture into rangelands and
forests mean that large areas of land are now off limits for elephants
(Fuashi).
• In 1979, the elephants’ range was three million square miles. In
2007, it was just over one million square miles (Fuashi).
• The decreased habitat makes elephants easier to hunt, and more
likely to invade human territory, where they are killed (Fuashi).
• Humans are introducing threats to the elephants with their land
development. large and small farm estates, forest exploitation,
hunting and poaching, road construction, settlement, and mining
(Fuashi).
• Commercial logging for instance, not only destroys elephant habitat,
but it also creates access to elephant forests for poachers (Fuashi).

5. CAUSES
• With increasingly high demands for ivory and an un-
monitored domestic ivory market fueling the international
trade, elephants have became an ideal target for poachers.
• China’s price for ivory now sits at over $700 a pound, as it
has brought new life to the illegal ivory trade (Shoumatoff).
• It is difficult for the government to protect elephant herds.
As such, the ivory trade is difficult to stop (Shoumatoff).
• Despite its illegal status, ivory consumption has been
increasing in both Asia and Africa over the last couple
years (Furniss).
• The growth of China’s economy has made private ivory
enterprises possible (Furniss).

7. EFFECTS
• With the constant migration of elephants as a result of
human development,the elephants become unable to
complete their ecological role (Chafota).
• Slower nutrient cycling in habitats. This is detrimental for
other species; namely herbivores, who rely on the elephants’
nutrient cycling (Chafota).
• Up to 30 percent of tree species rely on elephants to help with
dispersal and germination (Chafota).
• With elephants being forced out of their habitats, they
occasionally stumble into human settlements. This is
detrimental to both the humans and the elephants.
• Invading elephants damage crops, kill livestock and
trample villages (African Elephants”).
• Invading elephants are eventually killed, but not without
trampling on a couple people (“African Elephants”).

8. EFFECTS
• With fewer elephants in certain habitats, there has been an
encroachment of forests and thickets which has resulted
in a decline in population of other animals in the same
area (Chafota).
• Zebras, black rhinos and waterbucks (Chafota).
• The poaching of elephants has had a detrimental effect on
elephant behavior, genetic structure and health (Archie,
Chiyo).
• More rapid loss of genetic diversity. Stronger genetics die
(Archie, Chiyo).
• Reduced offspring survival and reproductive rates (Archie,
Chiyo).
• Loss of older, reproductively successful partners (Archie,
Chiyo).
• Loss of social relatives (Archie, Chiyo).

10. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND
Who They Are
• World’s leading conservation organization.
• About 5 million members globally.
• 85% of the proceeds goes directly towards animal
conservation.
What they’ll do
• Equip and train law enforcement to effectively carry out
anti-poaching laws.
• Establish new protected areas within elephant ranges.
• Help the government adopt elephant conservation
strategies.

12. WORKS CITED
"African Elephants." WWF. WWF. Web. 17 Oct 2012.
<http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/african_elephants/>.
Chafota, Jonas. "Effects of Changes in Elephant densities On the Environment and other species- How much do we
know?." Agricultural & Resource Economics at UC Davis. WWF. Web. 1 Nov 2012.
<http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/lovell-jarvis/docs/elephant/Chafota.pdf>.
Fuashi, Nkwatoh Athanasius, and Victor Chik Fosah. "Forest/habitat fragmentation and human-elephant conflicts in the
Takamanda-Mone landscape of the South West Region of Cameroon." Journal of Biology and Life Science 3.1
(2012): 266+. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Oct. 2011
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA303895072&v=2.1&u=ko
k12hs_d73&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w>.
Furniss, Charlie. "On the Tusks of a Dilemma." Geographical Nov. 2006: 47+.General OneFile. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA156203892&v=2.1&u=ko_k12hs_d73&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w>.
Lewis, Matthew. "African Elephant." World Wildlife. World Wildlife. Web. 18 Oct 2012.
<http://worldwildlife.org/species/african-elephant>.
Shoumatoff, Alex. "Agony and Ivory." Vanity Fair Aug. 2011: 120. Gale Power Search. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/elephants-201108>.
Stiles, Daniel. "Jumbo threat: elephants as bushmeat." Natural History Apr. 2012: 12+. Gale Power Search. Web. 16 Oct. 2012.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA292087096&v=2.1&u=
ko_k12hs_d73&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w>.