2. •A gene is a
molecular unit of
heredity of a
living organism.
• It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and
RNA that code for a polypeptide or for an RNA
chain that has a function in the organism. Living
beings depend on genes, as they specify all
proteins and functional RNA chains.
3. Structure of Gene
• All genes have regulatory
regions along with coding
regions for RNA product. It is
shared by all genes. The
promoter region provides a
position recognized by the
transcription machinery, where
the gene undergoes
transcription and expresses.
4. Chromosomes
•In their body cells, humans have 46 chromosomes, made up
of 23 pairs. There are 44 chromosomes numbered 1-22
(called autosomes) according to size from the smallest to
the largest and two sex chromosomes: X and Y
• Women’s chromosomes are described as 46,XX; men’s as
46,XY
• A mother passes 23 chromosomes to her child through her
egg and a father passes 23 chromosomes through his sperm
• The chromosomes consist of two very long thin strands of
DNA chains twisted into the shape of a double helix and
are located in the nucleus (the ‘control centre’) of our body
cells
• The chromosomes are long strands of genes
• Since the chromosomes come in pairs, the genes also come
in pairs
• Genes are also located in very small compartments called
mitochondria that are randomly scattered in the cytoplasm
of the cell outside the nucleus
• In each of the approximate 20,000 genes there is a piece of
