1. UNIT 1 - MAPS
1- How is the Earth represented?
2- What types of maps are there?
3- How do we locate places on maps?
4- How do we represent scale on a map?

2. Glossary
It is a drawing of a particular area such as a city, a
country, or a continent, showing its main features.
Map
It is one of the four principal compass points:
north, south, east, and west.
Cardinal
point
It is the information given with the map to explain the
meaning of the symbols and colours drawn on it.Map key
It refers to the relationship between distance on a map and
the corresponding distance on the ground.
Scale map

3. Glossary
Meridian It is an imaginary line between the North Pole and the South Pole,
drawn to help to locate any place on the Earth.
Parallel
It is an imaginary line drawn on the Earth´s surface which is
perpendicular to the meridians. The most important parallel is
the Equator.
Latitude
It is a geographical coordinate; it indicates thenorth/south
position of a point on the Earth´s surface. It ranges from 0
degrees at the Equator to 90º at the Pole (North/South)
Longitude
It is a geographical coordinate; it indicates the east/west position
of a point on the Earth´s surface. It ranges from 0 degrees at the
Prime Meridian to 180º at the Antimeridian.

4. 1- How is the Earth represented?
The Earth is spherical but slightly flattened at the
poles
geoid
How do we represent the Earth?
Globe
Maps
How is the Earth in shape?
Three-dimensional
Not detailed information
Easy to carry
Two dimensional
Practical information

5. 1- How is the Earth represented?
What are the cardinals points?
The elements we use to establish direction; the
principal are north, south, east and west.
Do you know any other elements that can help us to
establish direction?
Nature
The Sun
North Star
Instruments Compass: always points north
Always indicates north
Rises in the east; sets in the
west.

6. 1- How is the Earth represented?
How is the Earth in shape?
How do we represent the Earth?
What are the cardinals points?
Do you know any other elements that can help
us to establish direction?
Think: Nowadays we have modern instruments like GPS or digital maps that
allow us to establish direction easily; Why do you think it´s important to learn
the traditional methods to orient yourself or navigate?

7. 2- What types of maps are there?
Types of
maps
Physical Information on relief and rivers
One specific physical map is the topographic map (It
also details names, roads, buildings…)
Thematic Information on one particular subject
Political Information on political organisation:
frontiers, capital cities..

8. 2- What types of maps are there?
Which are the basic elements of a map?

9. 2- What types of maps are there?Which
elements
are missing?

10. 2- What types of maps are there?Which
elements
are missing?

11. 2- What types of maps are there?
Name and describe the main types of maps
Which are the basic elements of a map? Describe their function.
Activities 1,2 and 3 on page 9.

12. 3- How do we locate places on maps?
Meridians and parallels It is a grid of imaginary lines that enable us to
identify the exact location of places on Earth.
Meridians
Parallels
Semicircles which go from one Pole to the
other.
Prime meridian (0º) is the reference for other
meridians.
Circles which are perpendicular to the meridians
The Equator is the most important; divides the Earth in
two hemispheres.
Other parallels
Artic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChBhKPh
B4VE&list=PLc-
jghROQMcLrGQCkLn4Cr9avGfkJ-_IM&index=1

14. Arctic Circle
Prime meridian
Equator
Tropic of
Cancer
Tropic of
Capricorn
Antarctic Circle

15. Western
Hemisphere
Prime meridian
Eastern
Hemisphere
The prime meridian divides the Earth in two halves: the western and the
eastern hemisphere.

16. Northern
hemisphere
Equator
Southern
hemisphere
The Equator divides the Earth in two halves: the northern and the southern
hemisphere.

17. 3- How do we locate places on maps?
Define parallels and meridians.
Which one is the main meridian?
Which are the main parallels?
What is the Equator?
Explain the differences between the parallels and the meridians?
Parallels and
meridians

18. 3- How do we locate places on maps?
Geographical coordinates
It is a system that enables every location on
Earth to be specificied.
The geographical coordinates are the latitude and
the longitude.
Latitude
Measured by using the parallels
From 0º to 90º; north or south
All locations on the same
parallel have the same
latitude.
Distance to Equator measured in degrees.
Longitude
Distance to Prime Meridian measured in degrees.
Measured by using the meridians
All locations on the same
meridian have the same
longitude.
From 0º to 180º; east or west

19. 3- How do we locate places on maps?
Latitude and
longitude
Explain the difference between latitude and longitude
Activity 1 on page 11.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1E0I4eL
KNI
https://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/
MapStatsKids/MSK_portal/concepts_l
atlg.html

20. 3- How do we locate places on maps?
Latitude and
longitude
Latitude Longitude
London
Rome
Quito
Kinshasa
21º S 38º W
38º N 140º E
32º S 150º E
52º N 0º
Río de Janeiro
42º N 13º E
0º 75º W
Tokio
3º S 17º E
Sydney

21. 4- How do we represent scale on a map
Scale Map element that indicates the difference between the size of
something in the real world and its size on a map.
Map scale types
https://kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/map-
scale-types/
The scale of a map uses a representative
fraction to describe the ratio between the map
and the real world.
Numeric scale
(fractional
method)

22. 4- How do we represent scale on a map?
Graphic scale
(Graphic
method)
A line divided into equal segements. The number
indicates the size which each segment represents.