This document discusses various business models and market forecasts for electric vehicle battery storage technologies. It notes that while electric vehicle adoption is still in the early stages, energy storage markets related to renewable energy are growing. It also summarizes forecasts for electric vehicle and charging point adoption between 2020-2030 from various industry analysts and research groups. The document then outlines several potential battery storage business models including vehicle-to-building, vehicle-to-grid, and second-life battery applications. It provides examples of pilot projects utilizing these models and notes many opportunities remain to develop viable commercial models. Lastly, it discusses factors to consider when assessing potential value and pricing for second-life electric vehicle batteries repurposed for energy storage.

1. Rome, June 7th 2013
New Battery technology solutions
suitable for fast growing market
developments
Carlo Iacovini!
Associate Senior Manager Clickutility on earth!

2. Storage battery, which market for mobility?
 Electric mobility is still in the introduction phase to the market.
 Storage market is market opportunity related to Distributed generation and
renewable energy.
 Storage is supported in some countries (like Germany and more recently US with law
proposal named Storage Atc to provided up 30% financial discount)
 Before talking about storage market in mobility we need to forecast the dimension of
EV market. There are different expectations from industries and research institutes:
 German Prime Minister forecasts 1 mln vehicle by 2020 with 12bilions € investments by
automotive industry. Roland Berger estimates not more than 600.000 cars. Today ≈7000 vehicles
on streets
 1,8 millions ev cars in 2020 + 1,2 millions world wide according to Pike Research
 10,7 charging points installed by 2020 world wide according to Pike Research
 48,705 publicly accessible charging stations installed globally (Asia is country leader)
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3. Storage battery business models in ev market and mobility
Vehicle to buildings
Second life battery packsVehicle to grids
1. Not clear framework for OEM
2. Small projects mainly in Asia and Japan
3. Up tp 3/5 years to a viable commercial market
4. The goal is to Offset cost of PEVs, by lowering the
energy costs of the building, and by providing
reliable emergency backup services
5. Nearly 200,000 PEVs equipped with V2B
technology will be sold from 2012 through 2020.
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4. Storage battery business models in ev market and mobility - 2
Vehicle to grids
Second life battery packsVehicle to buildings
1. To manage peak consumes of the grid
2. To balance and store energy
3. Projects integrated in microgrid applications to
renewable plants (mainly PV plants)
4. The goal is to Offset cost of PEVs and to sell
energy
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5. Storage battery business models in ev market and mobility - 3
Second life battery
packs
Vehicle to gridsVehicle to buildings
1. Ev market driven business
2. Uncertain for deployment strategy and
economical matters
3. Medium term development
4. It is an industrial chain integrated with financial
support
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GM and ABB together with Duke Energy with Chevy Volt batteries
capable of providing enough electricity to power three to five average
American homes for up to two hours.
Nissan expects up to 50,000 electric-car batteries by 2020 (200k Leaf)
sold into the second hand market

6. Which type of business model
could be
profitable considering to link
storage
battery to EV products and
services?

7. Zero Emission Territory: an electric car sharing scheme !
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 Planned around metropolintan areas the project is BtoB car sharing scheme to
approach electric vehicle to companies
 Small scale project with up to 70 cars and 20 charging point’s network.

8. Energica: electric sportbike !
case history!

9. Energica represents the first high-
performed Italian prototype of
electric streetbike coming from
the passion and experience of
CRP Group
The concept comes from eCRP
1.4, the 2011 Vice-World
Championship electric racebike

10. Pike research: e-motorcycles will grow in
Western europe (78% between 2012 and 2018),
almost 150,000 e-motorcycles in 2018.!
Electric bikes: market forecasts!
North American market is expected to grow, to
reach sales of only 16,883 vehicles by 2018.!
Asia Pacific is expected to remain the key
market for e-motorcycles (2.1 million vehicles,
in China.!
Much of the e-motorcycles growth outside
North America will be smaller e-motorcycles
comparable to 51-125cc gas engines.!
In North America, the 126cc and higher
equivalent e-motorcycles will see higher share
than other parts of the world.!

11. Virtuous industrial and marketing chain!
• Ev brand
Vehicle
• 1.200 life
cycles
• (180.000km)
Battery pack
• Industrial
partner
Second life
battery
• Financial
partner
Remarketing
Battery pack used to
storage business
• Energy provider,
• Utility
• Battery industry
Lease battery pack
(first life)
Potentially 2nd life
too
Marketing and commercial
strategy to price the product
Battery pack to be rented or
sold

12. Second life battery market: which is the right price?!
How much is technically competitive a 2nd hand battery compared to storage designed
products?!
Battery pack of 12kw!
Facts and numbers!
80% efficiency after 1.200 cycles.!
Up to 5.000 packs yearly in 5 years
time. Nearly 12.000 packs totally!
140 MWh storage energy capacity
within 5 years!
Estimated 70 millions € value (500 €/
kWh!

13. Carlo Iacovini, c.iacovini@clickutility.it
Senior Associate Manager
Clickutility on Earth
Via Arena 1 20123 Milano
Phone: +39 02 39811690
Cell. +393481535719
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