2. What is android?
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Android, This word means a lot in present High-
Tech World. Today Smartphone are known for its
operating system which is Android. Earlier there is
no option for operating systems like Android in
mobile, as usual there are Symbian, java featured
operating systems but today things had changed a
lot, everyone wants a Smartphone which is
functioned on Android only.
3. Android is a software cluster for mobile devices
that includes an operating system OS, key
applications and middleware. The Android SDK
provides the tools and APIs required to begin
developing applications on the Android platform
using the Java programming language. About the
design, Kernal of Android is based on Linux
kernal and further furnished by Google.
4. History of Android
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Android Incorporation was founded in Palo Alto,
California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy
Rubin : co-founder of Danger (Danger Incorporation
was a company exclusively in platforms, software,
design, and services for mobile computing devices),
Rich Miner : co-founder of Wildfire Communications,
Incorporation, Nick Sears : once VP at T-Mobile, and
Chris White : headed design and interface
development at Web TV.
5. From starting Android Incorporation operated
secretly, expose only that it was working on
mobile software’s. On that same year, Rubin had
some sort of financial problems and Steve
Perlman gave him $10,000 cash in an envelope
and refused a stake in Android Incorporation.
Google took over Android Incorporation in
August 2005, making Android Incorporation a
entire owned property of Google Incorporation
6. main employees of Android Incorporation, including Andy
Rubin, Rich Miner and Chris White, stayed at the
company after the possession of Google. Not much was
known about Android Incorporation at the time of the
acquisition, but people conclude that Google was planning
to penetrate the mobile phone market with their weapon
i.e Android.
After that on 12, November 2007 Android beta SDK was
released. Many of you thinking what is SDK? its a
Software Development Kit which gives you platform to
make new applications, games and other softwares.
7. On 23 September, 2008 the first Android device is
launched, that is HTC Dream G1 which operates Android
1.0,and after that android shows 1.1 update which was
released for T-Mobile G1 only.
On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a
bunch of several companies which include Broadcom
Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell Technology
Group, Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung
Electronics, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile and Texas
Instruments expose themselves in front of media itself.
8. The aim of the Open Handset Alliance is to
develop open standards for mobile devices. On
the same day, the Open Handset Alliance also
unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile
device platform which is built on the Linux
kernel (version 2.6).
On 9 December, 2008 14 new members
accompany, including ARM Holdings, Asustek
Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Huawei Technologies,
PacketVideo, Atheros Communications,
Vodafone, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp.
9. Variations of Android
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ICE CREAM SANDWHICH
Dubbed Ice Cream Sandwich and finally designated Android
4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich brings many of the design elements
of Honeycomb to smartphones, while refining the
Honeycomb experience.
The first device to launch with ICS was the Samsung Galaxy
Nexus. The Motorola Xoom and the ASUS Transformer
Prime were the first tablets to receive updates, while the
Samsung Nexus S was the first smartphone to make the
jump to Android 4.0.
10. HONEYCOMB
It's the first version of Android specifically made for
tablets, and brings a lot of new UI elements to the
table. Things like a new System bar at the bottom of
the screen to replace the Status bar we see on phones,
and a new recent applications button are a great
addition for the screen real estate offered by Android
tablets.
Some of the standard Google applications have also
been updated for use with Honeycomb, including the
Gmail app and the Talk app.
11. Both make great use of fragments, and the Talk app has
video chat and calling support built in. Under the hood,
3D rendering and hardware acceleration have been
greatly improved.
We can't talk about Honeycomb without mentioning that
it also shows Google's new distribution method, where
manufacturers are given the source code and license to
use it only after their hardware choices have been
approved by Google. This dampens third party
development, as the source code is no longer available
for all to download and build, but Google assures us they
will address this issue in the future.
12. Ginger Bread
Gingerbread brings a few UI enhancements to Android,
things like a more consistent feel across menus and
dialogs, and a new black notification bar, but still looks
and feels like the Android we're used to, with the
addition of a slew of new language support.
Gingerbread brings support for new technology as
well. NFC (Near Field Communication) is now supported,
and SIP (Internet calling) support is now native on
Android. Further optimizations for better battery life
round out a nice upgrade.
13. Behind the scenes, the fellows at Mountain View spent
time with more JIT (the Just-In-Time compiler)
optimizations, and made great improvements to Androids
garbage collection, which should stop any stuttering and
improve UI smoothness. Round that out with new a
multi-media framework for better support of sound and
video files.
Android 2.4 also is in the Gingerbread family.
14. Froyo
Along with the JIT, Android 2.2 also brings support for
Adobe Flash 10.1. That means you can play your favorite
Flash-based games in Android's web browser. Take that,
iPhone!
Froyo also brought native support for tethering, meaning
you could use your Android smartphone's data
connection to provide Internet (wirelessly or with a USB
cable) to just about any device you want. Sadly, most
carriers will strip this native support in exchange for
some sort of feature they can charge for.
15. Eclair
Eclair was a pretty major step up over its
predecessors. Introduced in late 2009, Android
2.0 first appeared on the Motorola Droid, bringing
improvements in the browser, Google Maps, and a
new user interface. Google Maps Navigation also
was born in Android 2.0, quickly bringing the
platform on par with other stand-along GPS
navigation systems.
16. Android 2.0 quickly gave way to 2.0.1, which the Droid
received in December 2009, mainly bringing bugfixes. And to
date, the Droid remains the phone phone to have explicitly
received Android 2.0.1.
The now-defunct Google Nexus One was the first device to
receive Android 2.1 when it launched in January 2010, bringing
a souped-up UI with cool 3D-style graphics. From there, the
rollout of Android 2.1 has been relatively slow and painful.
Manufacturers skipped Android 2.0 in favor of the latest
version but needed time to tweak their customizations, such
as Motorola's Motoblur.
HTC's Desire and Legend phones launched with Android 2.1
later in the year, touting a new and improved Sense user
interface.
17. Donut
Donut, released in September 2009, built on the
features that came with Android 1.5, and expanded
them. While not very rich in the eye-candy department,
Android 1.6 made some major improvements behind the
scenes, and provided the framework base for the
amazing features to come. To the end user, the two
biggest changes would have to be the improvements to
the Android Market, and universal search.
18. Cupcake
Cupcake was the first major overhaul of the Android
OS. The Android 1.5 SDK was released in April 2009 and
brought along plenty of UI changes, the biggest probably
being support for widgets and folders on the
homescreens.
There were plenty of changes behind the scenes, too.
Cupcake brought features like improved Bluetooth
support, camcorder functions, and new upload services
like YouTube and Picasa.
19. Success of Android and Android Phones
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There were four Android phones for every iPhone shipped in the
second quarter of the year, according to research firm IDC.
That is up from a ratio of 2.5 to 1 in the same period last year.
The success of Samsung's Android phones has helped Google's
operating system extend its dominance in the smartphone market.
Samsung and other phone makers shipped nearly 105 million Android
smartphones in the April-June quarter, giving Android 68% of the
worldwide market, up from 47% last year.
The gains came largely at the expense of BlackBerry phones made
by Research in Motion and Symbian phones made largely by Nokia.
Each saw its market share drop below 5%.
20. Respecfully submitted to
Prof. Erwin M. Globio,
MSIT
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-16354407