4차 산업혁명을 가능하게 하는 요소로서의 프라이버시 개념 및 관련 이슈를 살펴봄

1. 4차 산업혁명과
프라이버시
이진규
NAVER CPO/DPO/CISO
CIPP/E, CISA, PMP, ISO27001&PIMS Auditor

2. Industrial Revolution
Source: Collins Dictionary, Definition of ‘Industrial Revolution’, URL: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/industrial-revolution

3. Industrial Revolution 1.0 to 4.0
Source: Multicam Canada, Industry 4.0: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, URL: http://multicam.ca/industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/, etc.

4. Industrial Revolution in the History
Source: Matte Black, The Fourth Industrial Revolution // Digital Disruption… Won’t Affect Me…?(Aug. 2017), URL: https://matteblack.me/digital-disruption/

5. Industrial Revolution 4.0
Source: Klaus Schwab, WEF, The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond(Jan. 14, 2016), URL: https://bit.ly/1pBfye4
We stand on the brink of a technological revolution that will
fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another. In
its scale, scope, and complexity, the transformation will be unlike
anything humankind has experienced before. We do not yet know just
how it will unfold, but one thing is clear: the response to it must be
integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders of the global
polity, from the public and private sectors to academia and civil society.
Klaus Schwab, Founder&Executive Chairman
World Economic Forum

6. I.R. 4.0 Challenges & Opportunities
Source: Klaus Schwab, WEF, The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond(Jan. 14, 2016), URL: https://bit.ly/1pBfye4
Challenges Opportunities
 Yields greater inequality, particularly in its potential to
disrupt labor markets
> displacement of workers by machines
:: might result in a net increase in safe & rewarding jobs
> “low-skill/low-pay” & “high-skill/high-pay” social tensions
> technology as a driving force to stagnate(or even decrease)
income increase
:: only providers of intellectual and physical capital - innovators,
shareholders, and investors – win
 Fuels discontent by pervasiveness of digital technologies and
the dynamics of information sharing (by social media)
 Has the potential to raise global income level & improve the
quality of life for populations around the world
 Increases efficiency and pleasure of personal lives for new
products and services by technology
 Expects supply-side miracle, with long-term gains in
efficiency and productivities
> transportation & communication costs drop
> effective logistics and global supply chains
> diminishment of cost of trade
> new markets and economic growth

7. I.R. 4.0 Impact on Business
Source: Stefan Schrauf, Philipp Berttram, strategy&, Industry 4.0: How digitization makes the supply chain more efficient, agile, and customer-focused(Sept. 2016), URL: https://pwc.to/2GYPXZE
Customer
expectations
Collaborative
innovation
Product
enhance-
ment
Organization-
al Forms

8. I.R. 4.0 Impact on People
Source: Klaus Schwab, WEF, The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond(Jan. 14, 2016), URL: https://bit.ly/1pBfye4
■ Changes what we do  changes who we are (identity & associated issues)
- our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to
work and leisure, and how we develop our careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture
relationships.
- Already changing our heal and leading to a “quantified” self
- Will lead to “human augmentation”
■ One of the greatest individual challenges posed by new I.T. is “PRIVACY”
- New connectivity means tracking and sharing of information
- Has impact on our ‘inner lives’ and loss of control over our data
- AI redefines our moral and ethical boundaries

9. I.R. 4.0 Impact on Government
■ New technologies & platforms will increasingly enable citizens to:
- Engage with government, voice their opinions, coordinate their efforts, circumvent supervision
■ Governments will gain new technological powers to:
- Increase their control over populations, perform surveillance, control digital infrastructure
■ Governments’ survival will be based upon:
- “agile” governance  continuous adaptation to a new, fast-changing environment
- Collaboration with business and civil society required
■ National and International security will require change of roles:
- Deep understanding of “hybrid” nature of conflicts  traditional battlefield & non state actors
- Utilization of technology to develop new modes of protection, eg. Greater precision in targeting

10. The 4th I.R. and Privacy Relationship (1/3)
Source: Vizzlo, THE 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: TOP 5 DRIVERS OF CHANGE, Modified from URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf

11. The 4th I.R. and Privacy Relationship (2/3)
Source: World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs, Jan. 2016, URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf

12. The 4th I.R. and Privacy Relationship (3/3)
Source: World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs, Jan. 2016, URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf

13. Areas of Privacy-Risk
① Profiling and Automated Decision Making
- differentiating or discriminating? (eg. price / race)
② Monitoring & Tracking
- What if they do not know who you really are? Is it OK to be tracked?
③ Surveillance
- What would you say to the suggestion of “If you have nothing to hide, you do not need to object to the idea of surveillance.”
④ Location and Mobility Data
- Uncultivated data  most valuable data
⑤ Unexpected Use, Sharing and Export
⑥ Special Personal Data
⑦ Inferring or Deriving
- 2nd, 3rd, 4th… many-fold processed data? Is it yours?

14. Privacy Paradox & Control Paradox (+Transparency Paradox?)
출처: BREN: ICS, “Simplifying Privacy Decisions: Towards Interactive and Adaptive Solutions (2013, bart Knijenburg)”

15. Is PbD or PbDD the key?
출처: TermsFeed, Privacy by Design, Jan. 2018, URL: https://termsfeed.com/blog/privacy-design/

16. Will GDPR conquer the world?
출처: Source: Atlantic Council, GDPR’s Quest for World Domination, URL: http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/gdpr

17. Is GDPR Going to be the Universal Law?
Lawfulness, fairness
and transparency
Purpose limitation
Data minimization
Accuracy
Storage limitation
Integrity and
confidentiality
 Lawful processing (6 legal bases)
 Sufficient information provision
Accountability!!!
Principles Description Common Mistakes
 No Processing ground
 Failure to inform scope/purpose/risk, etc.
 Specific/Explicit/Legitimate purpose
 Processed within the original purpose
 Processing for other purposes
 Use for secondary purpose w/o informing
 Only necessary for legitimate purpose in
processing (not in collection only)
 Collecting more data than actually needed
for possible future uses
 Should be accurate, up-to-date
 Reasonable steps to erase or rectify
 Inaccurate data from 3rd parties
 Slow erasure or rectification
 If no longer needed, data must be erased
or effectively anonymized
 Unnecessarily long data retention periods
 No automated deletion of data
 Personal data should be protected from
unauthorized parties
 No data protection framework
 Disclosure against data subject’s wishes

18. Closing – Backfire of Regulation
Source: The Wall Street Journal, Google Emerges as Early Winner From Europe’s New Data Privacy Law, URL: https://on.wsj.com/2JmWdvC

19. Any Questions?