SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 24
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Chapter 9: Andrew Jackson
“Cut glass and china to the
amount of several thousand
dollars had been broken in the
struggle to get the refreshments,
whiskey punch and other articles
had been carried out in tubs and
buckets, but had it been in
hogsheads it would have been
insufficient...Ladies fainted, men
were seen with bloody noses,
and such a scene of confusion
took place as is impossible to
describe…”
The Rowdy Inauguration of 1828
•The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828
gave rise to a new era in American politics.
•Jackson - who was previously upset in the
controversial 1824 election, due to the
“corrupt bargain” between Clay and JQA,
was a man of the people. Nicknamed “King
Mob”
•Jackson’s election to office was due in large
part to a growing trend in American politics
of loosening suffrage laws for white men.
•As urban centers grew, many states removed
property ownership as a requirement for
voting rights. Voting participation increased
from 27 to 58% (1824-1828)
The Rowdy Inauguration of 1828
AP US History Chapter 9
Jackson s Early Life
• Roots trace back to the back country of the Carolinas
• Father died prior to his birth
• Mother raised him with a strict protestant upbringing
(hard working mentality) She died of cholera when
Andrew was only 15
• Family was poor and Andrew received a very
sporadic education
• Enlisted in the Colonial Army for the Revolutionary
War at age 13 with his two older brothers. Both died
because of the war.
• Jackson’s hatred of the British was further increased
after being gashed in the face by a British officer after
he defiantly refused to clean his boots
Jackson’s Early Life
• After the Rev. War, Jackson went to school and studied
law and passed the bar exam in N. Carolina.
• He moved to Nashville, TN where he worked as a
lawyer, and later a state representative and senator to
congress. Jackson also served as a judge on the state
supreme court.
• Met Rachel Donelson (married to Lewis Robards) in
1789 and entered a relationship in 1790 while Rachel
was still married.
• Jackson protected Rachel from the very beginning of
their relationship, one considered bigamous, and he was
a passionate defender of her honor - reportedly 13 duels
in her name alone.
• Two sons - including an adopted son from an indian tribe
Jackson had conducted military assaults against.
Jackson’s Military Career
• Jackson’s loyalties and political views were strongly tied to the
western territories where he grew up and lived.
• In the territories primary concerns were protection from Indians,
issues with the Spanish and later British in the Mississippi and
Florida
• Concern and mistrust of the urban Federalists elites
• The war of 1812 solidified in Jackson’s mind the weakness of
the Federalist party and the need to remove Indians away from
white society. Joined the TN militia and led a successful
campaign against the Red Stick Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in
1814 and later against the British at New Orleans. Nicknamed
“Old Hickory”
• After the war, Jackson rose to national prominence on a scale
not seen since Washington. He championed equality (despite
owning several hundred slaves) and was known for his short
temper (100 duels) Above all, he cherished the preservation of
the Union (strict constructionist)
The Era of the
Common Man
• Although Jackson sees himself as a follower of Jefferson - he is far from a
Jeffersonian Republican. In fact, Jefferson remarked that Jackson was unfit
for office.
• Jefferson Government for the People = republic (group of educated elites
with good intentions)
• Jackson Government by the People = direct democracy (popularity
contest/mob power)
• Jackson is the first of the modern democrats - he was labeled an ill-
tempered jackass by opponents; he kept the animal as party symbol
The Rise of Mass Politics
• Upon assuming office, Jackson
implements the “spoils system” which is
replacing existing public officials based
solely on party loyalty rather than merit
(emergence of party politics)
• Jackson also moves to end congressional
caucuses to allow more input from the
people.
• Jackson’s support comes from: the
frontier, southern planter elite, state
appointed loyalists and immigrants
“To the victors belong the spoils” -
William Marcy
Attacking the Empire of Entrenched Elites
• Jackson sought to limit federal power in
Washington as he viewed it as elitism.
• He held great faith in the “common
man”
• John C. Calhoun and Nullification:
Calhoun, sees the Tariff of 1816 as the
main culprit in the stagnate economy.
• He therefore suggests the notion of
Nullification which argues that the
Union, being made up by the states, is
therefore subject to review by the states.
i.e. the states get the final say on
constitutionality
Calhoun
Clay
(meanwhile...)	
  The	
  Peggy	
  Eaton	
  Affair
• Peggy	
  Eaton,	
  wife	
  of	
  Jackson’s	
  Sec.	
  of	
  War,	
  
John	
  Eaton	
  was	
  rumored	
  to	
  have	
  had	
  an	
  
affair	
  as	
  a	
  younger	
  women	
  that	
  caused	
  the	
  
death	
  of	
  her	
  Cirst	
  husband.	
  	
  
• While	
  never	
  proved,	
  it	
  led	
  to	
  many	
  
discrediting	
  her	
  and	
  she	
  was	
  socially	
  
isolated	
  by	
  the	
  other	
  wives	
  in	
  Washington	
  
DC	
  
• Jackson	
  (remembering	
  what	
  Rachel	
  went	
  
through)	
  demanded	
  his	
  cabinet	
  members	
  
force	
  their	
  wives	
  to	
  include	
  Peggy.	
  	
  
• John	
  Calhoun	
  sided	
  with	
  his	
  wife	
  leading	
  
to	
  a	
  bigger	
  rift	
  between	
  the	
  two	
  rivals	
  and	
  
Calhoun	
  was	
  eventually	
  replaced.	
  
NulliCication	
  Crisis	
  Continues
• 1828	
  Tariff	
  of	
  Abominations	
  by	
  government	
  angers	
  S.	
  
Carolina	
  legislature.	
  	
  
• 1830	
  -­‐	
  Webster-­‐Hayne	
  debate	
  fuels	
  discussion	
  over	
  
whether	
  or	
  not	
  states	
  can	
  nullify	
  federal	
  laws.	
  
• Webster	
  -­‐	
  “Liberty	
  and	
  Union,	
  now	
  and	
  forever,	
  one	
  
and	
  inseparable.”	
  
• Jackson	
  responds	
  “Our	
  Federal	
  Union	
  -­‐	
  it	
  must	
  be	
  
preserved”	
  
• Calhoun	
  (at	
  the	
  annual	
  Jefferson	
  Day	
  dinner)	
  “The	
  
Union,	
  next	
  to	
  our	
  liberty,	
  most	
  dear”	
  	
  
• In	
  1832,	
  S.C.	
  votes	
  to	
  nullify	
  tariffs	
  led	
  by	
  Robert	
  Hayne	
  
and	
  John	
  Calhoun.	
  Jackson	
  threatens	
  to	
  invade	
  S.C.	
  with	
  
military	
  to	
  enforce	
  compliance.	
  A	
  “compromise”	
  of	
  
gradual	
  tariff	
  reduction	
  was	
  brokered	
  by	
  Henry	
  Clay	
  in	
  
1833
• Jackson’s	
  view	
  of	
  Indians	
  was	
  
different	
  from	
  many	
  of	
  his	
  
contemporaries.	
  He	
  felt	
  they	
  were	
  
incapable	
  of	
  living	
  near	
  white	
  
settlements;	
  “untamed	
  savages”	
  
• Indian	
  Removal	
  Act,	
  1830	
  -­‐	
  
allowed	
  president	
  to	
  negotiate	
  
treaties	
  to	
  buy	
  tribal	
  land	
  
• Treaty	
  of	
  New	
  Echota,	
  1835	
  
Jackson	
  negotiates	
  with	
  a	
  fraction	
  
of	
  the	
  “Five	
  Tribes”	
  which	
  is	
  then	
  
forcibly	
  applied	
  to	
  entire	
  group.
Indian	
  Removal	
  Policy
• “Five	
  Civilized	
  Tribes”	
  -­‐	
  Cherokee	
  
• Cherokee	
  Nation	
  v.	
  Georgia	
  1831	
  and	
  later	
  
Worcester	
  v.	
  Georgia	
  1832	
  -­‐	
  Marshall	
  court	
  
rules	
  that	
  “the	
  relationship	
  of	
  the	
  national	
  
gov’t	
  to	
  the	
  indian	
  tribes	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  a	
  ward	
  to	
  its	
  
guardian”	
  and	
  that	
  they	
  were	
  “subject	
  to	
  the	
  
protection	
  of	
  the	
  federal	
  gov’t	
  from	
  the	
  states”	
  
• “John	
  Marshall	
  has	
  made	
  his	
  decision,	
  now	
  let	
  
him	
  enforce	
  it.”	
  
• In	
  1838,	
  Pres.	
  Van	
  Buren	
  forced	
  the	
  movement	
  
of	
  over	
  17,000	
  Cherokee	
  to	
  the	
  Oklahoma	
  terr.	
  
• Only	
  8,000	
  natives	
  survived	
  the	
  forced	
  
march
Indian	
  Removal	
  Policy
AP US History Chapter 9
Jackson	
  nulliCies	
  Maysville	
  Road,	
  1830
• Maysville	
  Turnpike	
  Road	
  was	
  a	
  project	
  that	
  both	
  Henry	
  Clay	
  and	
  
John	
  Calhoun	
  had	
  long	
  been	
  connected	
  with.	
  
• The	
  proposed	
  project	
  was	
  completely	
  within	
  the	
  state	
  of	
  Kentucky	
  	
  
• Jackson	
  -­‐	
  still	
  angry	
  over	
  the	
  Eaton	
  Affair	
  -­‐	
  and	
  starkly	
  opposed	
  to	
  
using	
  Federal	
  funds	
  for	
  local	
  projects	
  vetoes	
  the	
  bill	
  
• Because	
  the	
  road	
  lay	
  only	
  in	
  Kentucky	
  he	
  viewed	
  it	
  as	
  a	
  state	
  project.	
  
• While	
  not	
  signiCicant	
  at	
  the	
  time,	
  Jackson’s	
  policy	
  of	
  vetoing	
  state	
  road	
  
and	
  railways	
  set	
  in	
  motion	
  a	
  precedent	
  of	
  all	
  railroads	
  being	
  privately	
  
funded	
  up	
  until	
  1850	
  -­‐	
  which	
  will	
  result	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  wealthy	
  owners	
  
monopolizing	
  the	
  industry	
  in	
  the	
  mid	
  to	
  late	
  1800s.
Jackson	
  
and	
  the	
  
Bank	
  
Monster
• Jackson	
  saw	
  the	
  National	
  Bank	
  as	
  a	
  concentration	
  of	
  power	
  for	
  the	
  wealthy.	
  	
  
• Argued:	
  Concentration	
  of	
  wealth	
  into	
  single	
  institution,	
  exposed	
  gov’t	
  to	
  
foreign	
  investment,	
  served	
  only	
  the	
  wealthy,	
  corrupted	
  Congress	
  and	
  favored	
  
NE	
  states	
  over	
  others.	
  
• The	
  bank’s	
  mismanagement	
  earlier	
  had	
  led	
  to	
  the	
  Panic	
  of	
  1819,	
  something	
  
Jackson	
  remembered	
  well.	
  	
  
• “I	
  am	
  ready	
  with	
  the	
  screws	
  to	
  draw	
  every	
  tooth	
  and	
  then	
  the	
  stumps”	
  -­‐	
  A.	
  
Jackson
Jackson	
  and	
  the	
  Bank	
  Monster
• Jackson	
  attacks	
  Biddle	
  
(head	
  of	
  the	
  Bank)	
  	
  
• Veto’s	
  the	
  1832	
  renewal	
  of	
  
bank	
  charter.	
  Jackson	
  also	
  
removes	
  federal	
  funds	
  
from	
  the	
  National	
  Bank	
  
and	
  moves	
  them	
  to	
  the	
  
state	
  banks	
  to	
  be	
  
distributed	
  at	
  the	
  local	
  
level.	
  
• Local	
  banks	
  produce	
  too	
  
much	
  paper	
  currency	
  
causing	
  inClation
• In	
  1836,	
  Jackson	
  mandates	
  specie	
  circular;	
  backCires	
  causing	
  a	
  deep	
  depression	
  and	
  
hurting	
  the	
  poor
• Jackson s war against the bank led to the first assassination attempt against
a US president.
• Richard Lawrence blamed the lack of money and the poor economy on
Jackson s hard currency policy.
• On Jan 30, 1835, Lawrence discharged two separate pistols both misfired
due to moisture in the air.
• Added to the Jacksonian aura of a tough no-nonsense leader.
Assassination Attempt
AP US History Chapter 9
Assessing	
  the	
  Jackson	
  Era
• Jackson	
  and	
  his	
  supporters	
  hoped	
  to	
  create	
  an	
  America	
  in	
  the	
  
Jeffersonian	
  vision	
  -­‐	
  limited	
  federal	
  gov’t	
  with	
  republican	
  virtues	
  of	
  
equality.	
  
• In	
  the	
  Jacksonian	
  view,	
  the	
  alliance	
  of	
  government	
  and	
  business	
  
was	
  always	
  an	
  invitation	
  to	
  special	
  favors	
  and	
  eternal	
  corruption	
  
(National	
  Bank)	
  He	
  felt	
  a	
  National	
  Bank	
  would	
  only	
  support	
  the	
  
wealthy	
  elites	
  and	
  that	
  the	
  common	
  man	
  would	
  be	
  restricted	
  from	
  
opportunity	
  
• Therefore,	
  Jackson	
  sought	
  to	
  end	
  any	
  special	
  privileges	
  to	
  the	
  
wealthy	
  and	
  instead	
  allow	
  free	
  competition	
  to	
  determine	
  the	
  
marketplace;	
  free	
  market	
  capitalism
Assessing	
  the	
  Jackson	
  Era
• However,	
  Jackson’s	
  “free	
  market”	
  policy	
  has	
  unintended	
  consequences.	
  	
  
• By	
  removing	
  the	
  Federal	
  Bank	
  and	
  encouraging	
  a	
  “laissez-­‐faire”	
  attitude,	
  Jackson	
  
removed	
  any	
  form	
  of	
  government	
  oversight	
  which	
  results	
  in	
  an	
  unrestrained	
  
environment	
  for	
  a	
  new	
  wealthy	
  elite	
  to	
  form	
  and	
  reshape	
  economic	
  power.	
  	
  
• In	
  his	
  attempt	
  to	
  remove	
  restraints	
  against	
  the	
  common	
  man,	
  Jackson	
  instead	
  made	
  it	
  
easier	
  for	
  the	
  wealthy	
  elites	
  to	
  increase	
  holdings	
  and	
  dominate	
  future	
  policy.	
  	
  
• Additionally,	
  the	
  economic	
  standing	
  of	
  the	
  “common	
  man”	
  did	
  not	
  increase	
  under	
  
Jackson	
  and	
  many	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  disenfranchised	
  (women,	
  slaves,	
  natives)	
  saw	
  no	
  
change	
  at	
  all.	
  	
  
• Finally,	
  Jackson	
  saw	
  himself	
  as	
  a	
  defender	
  of	
  democracy	
  for	
  the	
  common	
  man.	
  Yet	
  his	
  
actions	
  often	
  contradicted	
  his	
  beliefs.	
  While	
  the	
  union	
  was	
  protected	
  and	
  political	
  
participation	
  was	
  opened	
  up,	
  Jackson	
  often	
  solidiCied	
  power	
  under	
  himself	
  to	
  make	
  
changes.	
  
Questions	
  to	
  consider
• Did	
  Jacksonians	
  defend	
  the	
  
principles	
  of	
  the	
  Constitution,	
  
democracy,	
  equality	
  and	
  liberty?	
  
• How	
  do	
  we	
  view	
  Jackson	
  as	
  a	
  
president?	
  Defender	
  or	
  
destroyer	
  of	
  democracy?	
  
• **The	
  Jacksonian	
  Era	
  has	
  been	
  
included	
  on	
  the	
  AP	
  US	
  History	
  
exam	
  as	
  an	
  essay	
  prompt	
  more	
  
than	
  any	
  other	
  presidential	
  era.	
  

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

AP US History Chapter 2
AP US History Chapter 2AP US History Chapter 2
AP US History Chapter 2bwellington
 
Westward expansion after the civil war
Westward expansion after the civil warWestward expansion after the civil war
Westward expansion after the civil warBlake Harris
 
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction (1865-1877)Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction (1865-1877)kbeacom
 
Era of good feelings
Era of good feelingsEra of good feelings
Era of good feelingshlb10628
 
Reconstruction Comes to An End
Reconstruction Comes to An EndReconstruction Comes to An End
Reconstruction Comes to An EndMatthew Caggia
 
AP US History Chapter 8
AP US History Chapter 8AP US History Chapter 8
AP US History Chapter 8bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressives
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - ProgressivesAPUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressives
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressivesbwellington
 
American Revolution
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
American Revolutiondonna46
 
APUSH Ch. 5 Lecture
APUSH Ch. 5 LectureAPUSH Ch. 5 Lecture
APUSH Ch. 5 Lecturebwellington
 
Battles Of Lexington And Concord
Battles Of Lexington And ConcordBattles Of Lexington And Concord
Battles Of Lexington And ConcordLorrene
 
Louisiana purchase
Louisiana purchaseLouisiana purchase
Louisiana purchaseGonzo24
 
Manifest Destiny Powerpoint
Manifest Destiny PowerpointManifest Destiny Powerpoint
Manifest Destiny Powerpointtaylortm
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

AP US History Chapter 2
AP US History Chapter 2AP US History Chapter 2
AP US History Chapter 2
 
Westward expansion after the civil war
Westward expansion after the civil warWestward expansion after the civil war
Westward expansion after the civil war
 
TX History Ch 15.1
TX History Ch 15.1TX History Ch 15.1
TX History Ch 15.1
 
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction (1865-1877)Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
 
29 Andrew Jackson (II)
29 Andrew Jackson (II)29 Andrew Jackson (II)
29 Andrew Jackson (II)
 
Era of good feelings
Era of good feelingsEra of good feelings
Era of good feelings
 
Reconstruction Comes to An End
Reconstruction Comes to An EndReconstruction Comes to An End
Reconstruction Comes to An End
 
Slavery & Secession
Slavery & SecessionSlavery & Secession
Slavery & Secession
 
AP US History Chapter 8
AP US History Chapter 8AP US History Chapter 8
AP US History Chapter 8
 
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressives
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - ProgressivesAPUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressives
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 - Progressives
 
Lecture Ch. 6
Lecture Ch. 6 Lecture Ch. 6
Lecture Ch. 6
 
Regional Economies
Regional EconomiesRegional Economies
Regional Economies
 
American Revolution
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
American Revolution
 
APUSH Ch. 5 Lecture
APUSH Ch. 5 LectureAPUSH Ch. 5 Lecture
APUSH Ch. 5 Lecture
 
26 James Monroe
26 James Monroe26 James Monroe
26 James Monroe
 
Battles Of Lexington And Concord
Battles Of Lexington And ConcordBattles Of Lexington And Concord
Battles Of Lexington And Concord
 
The Civil War Begins
The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins
The Civil War Begins
 
TX History Ch 6.4
TX History Ch 6.4TX History Ch 6.4
TX History Ch 6.4
 
Louisiana purchase
Louisiana purchaseLouisiana purchase
Louisiana purchase
 
Manifest Destiny Powerpoint
Manifest Destiny PowerpointManifest Destiny Powerpoint
Manifest Destiny Powerpoint
 

Andere mochten auch

APUSH Lecture Ch. 22
APUSH Lecture Ch. 22APUSH Lecture Ch. 22
APUSH Lecture Ch. 22bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17APUSH Lecture Ch. 17
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16APUSH Lecture Ch. 16
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24bwellington
 
AP US History Chapter 1
AP US History Chapter 1AP US History Chapter 1
AP US History Chapter 1bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15APUSH Lecture Ch. 15
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWI
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWIAPUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWI
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWIbwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28APUSH Lecture Ch. 28
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7APUSH Lecture Ch. 7
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19APUSH Lecture Ch. 19
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27APUSH Lecture Ch. 27
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13APUSH Lecture Ch. 13
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13bwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taft
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and TaftAPUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taft
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taftbwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to ReaganAPUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reaganbwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in EuropeAPUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europebwellington
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific War
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific WarAPUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific War
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific Warbwellington
 
AP US History Chapter 18
AP US History Chapter 18AP US History Chapter 18
AP US History Chapter 18bwellington
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

APUSH Lecture Ch. 22
APUSH Lecture Ch. 22APUSH Lecture Ch. 22
APUSH Lecture Ch. 22
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17APUSH Lecture Ch. 17
APUSH Lecture Ch. 17
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 2
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16APUSH Lecture Ch. 16
APUSH Lecture Ch. 16
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24
APUSH Lecture Ch. 23-24
 
AP US History Chapter 1
AP US History Chapter 1AP US History Chapter 1
AP US History Chapter 1
 
APUSH CH 4
APUSH CH 4APUSH CH 4
APUSH CH 4
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15APUSH Lecture Ch. 15
APUSH Lecture Ch. 15
 
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWI
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWIAPUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWI
APUSH Lecture - Election of 1912, Wilson and WWI
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28APUSH Lecture Ch. 28
APUSH Lecture Ch. 28
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7APUSH Lecture Ch. 7
APUSH Lecture Ch. 7
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19APUSH Lecture Ch. 19
APUSH Lecture Ch. 19
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1
APUSH Lecture Ch. 29 pt 1
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27APUSH Lecture Ch. 27
APUSH Lecture Ch. 27
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13APUSH Lecture Ch. 13
APUSH Lecture Ch. 13
 
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taft
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and TaftAPUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taft
APUSH Lecture Ch 20 Teddy and Taft
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to ReaganAPUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in EuropeAPUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
 
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific War
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific WarAPUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific War
APUSH Lecture Ch. 26 The Pacific War
 
AP US History Chapter 18
AP US History Chapter 18AP US History Chapter 18
AP US History Chapter 18
 

Ähnlich wie AP US History Chapter 9

5 part 2 jacksonian
5 part 2 jacksonian5 part 2 jacksonian
5 part 2 jacksonianstacey12130
 
His 121 chapter 11 the jacksonian impulse
His 121  chapter 11 the jacksonian impulseHis 121  chapter 11 the jacksonian impulse
His 121 chapter 11 the jacksonian impulsedcyw1112
 
His 121 chapter 10 the jacksonian era
His 121  chapter 10 the jacksonian eraHis 121  chapter 10 the jacksonian era
His 121 chapter 10 the jacksonian eradcyw1112
 
Age of Jackson
Age of Jackson Age of Jackson
Age of Jackson jtaterich
 
Jackson Native American Policy
Jackson Native American Policy Jackson Native American Policy
Jackson Native American Policy jtaterich
 
The Age of Jackson
The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson
The Age of JacksonBlake Harris
 
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest DestinyGood Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest DestinyDave Phillips
 
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew JohnsonThe Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew JohnsonTina Marie
 
Accelerated US History
Accelerated US HistoryAccelerated US History
Accelerated US HistoryNikki Smith
 
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil War
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil WarCh 5 Texas And The Civil War
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil WarRick Fair
 
Differences Between Democrats and Whigs
Differences Between Democrats and WhigsDifferences Between Democrats and Whigs
Differences Between Democrats and Whigsfreealan
 
Hogan's History- Jacksonian Democracy
Hogan's History- Jacksonian DemocracyHogan's History- Jacksonian Democracy
Hogan's History- Jacksonian DemocracyWilliam Hogan
 

Ähnlich wie AP US History Chapter 9 (20)

Jackson (2)
Jackson (2)Jackson (2)
Jackson (2)
 
5 part 2 jacksonian
5 part 2 jacksonian5 part 2 jacksonian
5 part 2 jacksonian
 
HIST 2111_chp10.pdf
HIST 2111_chp10.pdfHIST 2111_chp10.pdf
HIST 2111_chp10.pdf
 
Expansion and reform dana
Expansion and reform danaExpansion and reform dana
Expansion and reform dana
 
His 121 chapter 11 the jacksonian impulse
His 121  chapter 11 the jacksonian impulseHis 121  chapter 11 the jacksonian impulse
His 121 chapter 11 the jacksonian impulse
 
His 121 chapter 10 the jacksonian era
His 121  chapter 10 the jacksonian eraHis 121  chapter 10 the jacksonian era
His 121 chapter 10 the jacksonian era
 
Age of Jackson
Age of Jackson Age of Jackson
Age of Jackson
 
Jackson Native American Policy
Jackson Native American Policy Jackson Native American Policy
Jackson Native American Policy
 
Andrew Jackson
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson
 
The First Seminole War
The First Seminole WarThe First Seminole War
The First Seminole War
 
Jackson era
Jackson eraJackson era
Jackson era
 
The Age of Jackson
The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson
The Age of Jackson
 
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest DestinyGood Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
 
Age of jackson
Age of jacksonAge of jackson
Age of jackson
 
Ap jackson chapter 9
Ap jackson chapter 9Ap jackson chapter 9
Ap jackson chapter 9
 
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew JohnsonThe Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson
The Legacy Of Lincoln And Andrew Johnson
 
Accelerated US History
Accelerated US HistoryAccelerated US History
Accelerated US History
 
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil War
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil WarCh 5 Texas And The Civil War
Ch 5 Texas And The Civil War
 
Differences Between Democrats and Whigs
Differences Between Democrats and WhigsDifferences Between Democrats and Whigs
Differences Between Democrats and Whigs
 
Hogan's History- Jacksonian Democracy
Hogan's History- Jacksonian DemocracyHogan's History- Jacksonian Democracy
Hogan's History- Jacksonian Democracy
 

Mehr von bwellington

Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growth
Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growthTypes of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growth
Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growthbwellington
 
Econ - Hist of the National Bank
Econ - Hist of the National BankEcon - Hist of the National Bank
Econ - Hist of the National Bankbwellington
 
Measuring Economic Growth and GDP
Measuring Economic Growth and GDPMeasuring Economic Growth and GDP
Measuring Economic Growth and GDPbwellington
 
Latin America Lect #8
Latin America Lect #8Latin America Lect #8
Latin America Lect #8bwellington
 
Latin America Lect #7
Latin America Lect #7Latin America Lect #7
Latin America Lect #7bwellington
 
Latin America Lect #6
Latin America Lect #6Latin America Lect #6
Latin America Lect #6bwellington
 
Latin American Lect #4
Latin American Lect #4Latin American Lect #4
Latin American Lect #4bwellington
 
Africa lecture #7
Africa lecture #7Africa lecture #7
Africa lecture #7bwellington
 
Africa lecture #6
Africa lecture #6Africa lecture #6
Africa lecture #6bwellington
 
Africa lecture #5
Africa lecture #5Africa lecture #5
Africa lecture #5bwellington
 
Africa lecture #4
Africa lecture #4Africa lecture #4
Africa lecture #4bwellington
 
Africa lecture #3
Africa lecture #3Africa lecture #3
Africa lecture #3bwellington
 
Africa lecture #2
Africa lecture #2Africa lecture #2
Africa lecture #2bwellington
 
Africa lecture #1
Africa lecture #1Africa lecture #1
Africa lecture #1bwellington
 

Mehr von bwellington (14)

Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growth
Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growthTypes of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growth
Types of Businesses, costs, revenue and barriers to growth
 
Econ - Hist of the National Bank
Econ - Hist of the National BankEcon - Hist of the National Bank
Econ - Hist of the National Bank
 
Measuring Economic Growth and GDP
Measuring Economic Growth and GDPMeasuring Economic Growth and GDP
Measuring Economic Growth and GDP
 
Latin America Lect #8
Latin America Lect #8Latin America Lect #8
Latin America Lect #8
 
Latin America Lect #7
Latin America Lect #7Latin America Lect #7
Latin America Lect #7
 
Latin America Lect #6
Latin America Lect #6Latin America Lect #6
Latin America Lect #6
 
Latin American Lect #4
Latin American Lect #4Latin American Lect #4
Latin American Lect #4
 
Africa lecture #7
Africa lecture #7Africa lecture #7
Africa lecture #7
 
Africa lecture #6
Africa lecture #6Africa lecture #6
Africa lecture #6
 
Africa lecture #5
Africa lecture #5Africa lecture #5
Africa lecture #5
 
Africa lecture #4
Africa lecture #4Africa lecture #4
Africa lecture #4
 
Africa lecture #3
Africa lecture #3Africa lecture #3
Africa lecture #3
 
Africa lecture #2
Africa lecture #2Africa lecture #2
Africa lecture #2
 
Africa lecture #1
Africa lecture #1Africa lecture #1
Africa lecture #1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 

AP US History Chapter 9

  • 2. “Cut glass and china to the amount of several thousand dollars had been broken in the struggle to get the refreshments, whiskey punch and other articles had been carried out in tubs and buckets, but had it been in hogsheads it would have been insufficient...Ladies fainted, men were seen with bloody noses, and such a scene of confusion took place as is impossible to describe…” The Rowdy Inauguration of 1828
  • 3. •The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 gave rise to a new era in American politics. •Jackson - who was previously upset in the controversial 1824 election, due to the “corrupt bargain” between Clay and JQA, was a man of the people. Nicknamed “King Mob” •Jackson’s election to office was due in large part to a growing trend in American politics of loosening suffrage laws for white men. •As urban centers grew, many states removed property ownership as a requirement for voting rights. Voting participation increased from 27 to 58% (1824-1828) The Rowdy Inauguration of 1828
  • 5. Jackson s Early Life • Roots trace back to the back country of the Carolinas • Father died prior to his birth • Mother raised him with a strict protestant upbringing (hard working mentality) She died of cholera when Andrew was only 15 • Family was poor and Andrew received a very sporadic education • Enlisted in the Colonial Army for the Revolutionary War at age 13 with his two older brothers. Both died because of the war. • Jackson’s hatred of the British was further increased after being gashed in the face by a British officer after he defiantly refused to clean his boots
  • 6. Jackson’s Early Life • After the Rev. War, Jackson went to school and studied law and passed the bar exam in N. Carolina. • He moved to Nashville, TN where he worked as a lawyer, and later a state representative and senator to congress. Jackson also served as a judge on the state supreme court. • Met Rachel Donelson (married to Lewis Robards) in 1789 and entered a relationship in 1790 while Rachel was still married. • Jackson protected Rachel from the very beginning of their relationship, one considered bigamous, and he was a passionate defender of her honor - reportedly 13 duels in her name alone. • Two sons - including an adopted son from an indian tribe Jackson had conducted military assaults against.
  • 7. Jackson’s Military Career • Jackson’s loyalties and political views were strongly tied to the western territories where he grew up and lived. • In the territories primary concerns were protection from Indians, issues with the Spanish and later British in the Mississippi and Florida • Concern and mistrust of the urban Federalists elites • The war of 1812 solidified in Jackson’s mind the weakness of the Federalist party and the need to remove Indians away from white society. Joined the TN militia and led a successful campaign against the Red Stick Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814 and later against the British at New Orleans. Nicknamed “Old Hickory” • After the war, Jackson rose to national prominence on a scale not seen since Washington. He championed equality (despite owning several hundred slaves) and was known for his short temper (100 duels) Above all, he cherished the preservation of the Union (strict constructionist)
  • 8. The Era of the Common Man
  • 9. • Although Jackson sees himself as a follower of Jefferson - he is far from a Jeffersonian Republican. In fact, Jefferson remarked that Jackson was unfit for office. • Jefferson Government for the People = republic (group of educated elites with good intentions) • Jackson Government by the People = direct democracy (popularity contest/mob power) • Jackson is the first of the modern democrats - he was labeled an ill- tempered jackass by opponents; he kept the animal as party symbol The Rise of Mass Politics
  • 10. • Upon assuming office, Jackson implements the “spoils system” which is replacing existing public officials based solely on party loyalty rather than merit (emergence of party politics) • Jackson also moves to end congressional caucuses to allow more input from the people. • Jackson’s support comes from: the frontier, southern planter elite, state appointed loyalists and immigrants “To the victors belong the spoils” - William Marcy
  • 11. Attacking the Empire of Entrenched Elites • Jackson sought to limit federal power in Washington as he viewed it as elitism. • He held great faith in the “common man” • John C. Calhoun and Nullification: Calhoun, sees the Tariff of 1816 as the main culprit in the stagnate economy. • He therefore suggests the notion of Nullification which argues that the Union, being made up by the states, is therefore subject to review by the states. i.e. the states get the final say on constitutionality Calhoun Clay
  • 12. (meanwhile...)  The  Peggy  Eaton  Affair • Peggy  Eaton,  wife  of  Jackson’s  Sec.  of  War,   John  Eaton  was  rumored  to  have  had  an   affair  as  a  younger  women  that  caused  the   death  of  her  Cirst  husband.     • While  never  proved,  it  led  to  many   discrediting  her  and  she  was  socially   isolated  by  the  other  wives  in  Washington   DC   • Jackson  (remembering  what  Rachel  went   through)  demanded  his  cabinet  members   force  their  wives  to  include  Peggy.     • John  Calhoun  sided  with  his  wife  leading   to  a  bigger  rift  between  the  two  rivals  and   Calhoun  was  eventually  replaced.  
  • 13. NulliCication  Crisis  Continues • 1828  Tariff  of  Abominations  by  government  angers  S.   Carolina  legislature.     • 1830  -­‐  Webster-­‐Hayne  debate  fuels  discussion  over   whether  or  not  states  can  nullify  federal  laws.   • Webster  -­‐  “Liberty  and  Union,  now  and  forever,  one   and  inseparable.”   • Jackson  responds  “Our  Federal  Union  -­‐  it  must  be   preserved”   • Calhoun  (at  the  annual  Jefferson  Day  dinner)  “The   Union,  next  to  our  liberty,  most  dear”     • In  1832,  S.C.  votes  to  nullify  tariffs  led  by  Robert  Hayne   and  John  Calhoun.  Jackson  threatens  to  invade  S.C.  with   military  to  enforce  compliance.  A  “compromise”  of   gradual  tariff  reduction  was  brokered  by  Henry  Clay  in   1833
  • 14. • Jackson’s  view  of  Indians  was   different  from  many  of  his   contemporaries.  He  felt  they  were   incapable  of  living  near  white   settlements;  “untamed  savages”   • Indian  Removal  Act,  1830  -­‐   allowed  president  to  negotiate   treaties  to  buy  tribal  land   • Treaty  of  New  Echota,  1835   Jackson  negotiates  with  a  fraction   of  the  “Five  Tribes”  which  is  then   forcibly  applied  to  entire  group. Indian  Removal  Policy
  • 15. • “Five  Civilized  Tribes”  -­‐  Cherokee   • Cherokee  Nation  v.  Georgia  1831  and  later   Worcester  v.  Georgia  1832  -­‐  Marshall  court   rules  that  “the  relationship  of  the  national   gov’t  to  the  indian  tribes  is  one  of  a  ward  to  its   guardian”  and  that  they  were  “subject  to  the   protection  of  the  federal  gov’t  from  the  states”   • “John  Marshall  has  made  his  decision,  now  let   him  enforce  it.”   • In  1838,  Pres.  Van  Buren  forced  the  movement   of  over  17,000  Cherokee  to  the  Oklahoma  terr.   • Only  8,000  natives  survived  the  forced   march Indian  Removal  Policy
  • 17. Jackson  nulliCies  Maysville  Road,  1830 • Maysville  Turnpike  Road  was  a  project  that  both  Henry  Clay  and   John  Calhoun  had  long  been  connected  with.   • The  proposed  project  was  completely  within  the  state  of  Kentucky     • Jackson  -­‐  still  angry  over  the  Eaton  Affair  -­‐  and  starkly  opposed  to   using  Federal  funds  for  local  projects  vetoes  the  bill   • Because  the  road  lay  only  in  Kentucky  he  viewed  it  as  a  state  project.   • While  not  signiCicant  at  the  time,  Jackson’s  policy  of  vetoing  state  road   and  railways  set  in  motion  a  precedent  of  all  railroads  being  privately   funded  up  until  1850  -­‐  which  will  result  in  a  few  wealthy  owners   monopolizing  the  industry  in  the  mid  to  late  1800s.
  • 18. Jackson   and  the   Bank   Monster • Jackson  saw  the  National  Bank  as  a  concentration  of  power  for  the  wealthy.     • Argued:  Concentration  of  wealth  into  single  institution,  exposed  gov’t  to   foreign  investment,  served  only  the  wealthy,  corrupted  Congress  and  favored   NE  states  over  others.   • The  bank’s  mismanagement  earlier  had  led  to  the  Panic  of  1819,  something   Jackson  remembered  well.     • “I  am  ready  with  the  screws  to  draw  every  tooth  and  then  the  stumps”  -­‐  A.   Jackson
  • 19. Jackson  and  the  Bank  Monster • Jackson  attacks  Biddle   (head  of  the  Bank)     • Veto’s  the  1832  renewal  of   bank  charter.  Jackson  also   removes  federal  funds   from  the  National  Bank   and  moves  them  to  the   state  banks  to  be   distributed  at  the  local   level.   • Local  banks  produce  too   much  paper  currency   causing  inClation • In  1836,  Jackson  mandates  specie  circular;  backCires  causing  a  deep  depression  and   hurting  the  poor
  • 20. • Jackson s war against the bank led to the first assassination attempt against a US president. • Richard Lawrence blamed the lack of money and the poor economy on Jackson s hard currency policy. • On Jan 30, 1835, Lawrence discharged two separate pistols both misfired due to moisture in the air. • Added to the Jacksonian aura of a tough no-nonsense leader. Assassination Attempt
  • 22. Assessing  the  Jackson  Era • Jackson  and  his  supporters  hoped  to  create  an  America  in  the   Jeffersonian  vision  -­‐  limited  federal  gov’t  with  republican  virtues  of   equality.   • In  the  Jacksonian  view,  the  alliance  of  government  and  business   was  always  an  invitation  to  special  favors  and  eternal  corruption   (National  Bank)  He  felt  a  National  Bank  would  only  support  the   wealthy  elites  and  that  the  common  man  would  be  restricted  from   opportunity   • Therefore,  Jackson  sought  to  end  any  special  privileges  to  the   wealthy  and  instead  allow  free  competition  to  determine  the   marketplace;  free  market  capitalism
  • 23. Assessing  the  Jackson  Era • However,  Jackson’s  “free  market”  policy  has  unintended  consequences.     • By  removing  the  Federal  Bank  and  encouraging  a  “laissez-­‐faire”  attitude,  Jackson   removed  any  form  of  government  oversight  which  results  in  an  unrestrained   environment  for  a  new  wealthy  elite  to  form  and  reshape  economic  power.     • In  his  attempt  to  remove  restraints  against  the  common  man,  Jackson  instead  made  it   easier  for  the  wealthy  elites  to  increase  holdings  and  dominate  future  policy.     • Additionally,  the  economic  standing  of  the  “common  man”  did  not  increase  under   Jackson  and  many  of  the  most  disenfranchised  (women,  slaves,  natives)  saw  no   change  at  all.     • Finally,  Jackson  saw  himself  as  a  defender  of  democracy  for  the  common  man.  Yet  his   actions  often  contradicted  his  beliefs.  While  the  union  was  protected  and  political   participation  was  opened  up,  Jackson  often  solidiCied  power  under  himself  to  make   changes.  
  • 24. Questions  to  consider • Did  Jacksonians  defend  the   principles  of  the  Constitution,   democracy,  equality  and  liberty?   • How  do  we  view  Jackson  as  a   president?  Defender  or   destroyer  of  democracy?   • **The  Jacksonian  Era  has  been   included  on  the  AP  US  History   exam  as  an  essay  prompt  more   than  any  other  presidential  era.