A presentation regarding the Human-Computer Interaction (2015): Human Factor. Users.
For details, visit the HCI discipline Website available at http://profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/teach/courses/hci/
Anupama Kundoo Cost Effective detailed ppt with plans and elevations with det...
HCI 2015 (2/10) Human Factor. Users
1. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Human-Computer Interaction
the human factor
http://usabilitygeek.com/an-introduction-to-website-usability-testing/
2. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“The world is divided into people
who think that they’re right.”
Diedre McGrath
3. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
Jenifer Tidwell, 2006
4. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
5. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
command-line languages
instructions, keywords, abbreviations, special symbols,
I/O mechanisms
6. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
a classical UNIX console – see @climagic on Twitter
7. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
interactive forms + spreadsheets
8. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
9. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
menus
10. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
pop-up menus
11. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
direct manipulation + hypertext
12. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
13. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
natural interaction
typical examples: gestures, natural language (e.g., speech)
14. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
15. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
each has its own vocabulary of items, actions,
sensorial – e.g., visual, auditory – representations
16. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
many familiar types/styles of user interfaces
each has its own vocabulary of items, actions,
sensorial – e.g., visual, auditory – representations
user experience (UX)
17. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
forms
text editors
graphic editors
spreadsheets
Web browsers
calendars
18. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple interaction idioms
multimedia players
charts
immersive games
Web pages
social (virtual) environments
e-commerce/e-business applications
19. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Heterogeneity of existing platforms
Jean Vanderdonckt, 2006
20. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Heterogeneity of existing platforms
desktop (personal) computers
mobile devices: smartphone, tablet, automobile
output means: printer, fax, advertising screen etc.
home appliances – e.g., (smart) TV, washing machine,…
wearable devices: watch, camera etc.
social-oriented devices: ATM, info kiosk, photo booth
entertainment platforms – e.g., Blu-ray player, Wii, XBox
21. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Variety of performed tasks
Jean Vanderdonckt, 2006
22. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Variety of performed tasks
Nokia findings in the mobile context (2007):
blogging, browsing, chatting, downloading, e-banking,
instant messaging, playing games,
searching: locations, people,…
23. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Variety of performed tasks
domain-oriented tasks:
business, programming, research, studying, training etc.
24. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple contexts
Jean Vanderdonckt, 2006
25. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple contexts
at work
examples: business & office applications, IDEs, tools, etc.
26. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple contexts
at home
examples: entertainment & leisure software
multimedia players, social networks, games,…
27. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple contexts
during travelling
examples: PIMs, planners, geo-related services,
instant messaging software, recommenders,…
28. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
Multiple contexts
specific locations
concert places, hospitals, malls, restaurants,…
examples: “smart” apps/services provided by
mobile and/or wearable devices/appliances
29. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
In which context, tablet computers
(and related devices) could be the best choice?
case study: iPad – http://pttrns.com/ipad
discussion
30. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
User volume and diversity
Jean Vanderdonckt, 2006
31. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Reality
User volume and diversity
traditional users
a community of interest vs. population of a country
+
special users
having certain disabilities and/or needs
32. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
How about users?
http://buffalobillgates.tumblr.com/
33. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Who is the user?
34. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Probably, we do not like her/him!
35. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
We must discuss with her/him
36. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
We need to observe her/him
e.g., RUM (real user monitoring)
37. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
The user is the person who…
directly interact to the (software) product/service
38. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
The user is the person who…
involve others to use the product/service
39. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
The user is the person who…
obtain output from a given product/service
40. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
The user is the person who…
is making decisions regarding the acquisition
of a product/service
41. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
The user is the person who…
is using the product/service
provided by our competitor
42. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
User types (Eason, 1987)
primary
directly involved in the use of the product
(frequent hands-on beneficiary)
43. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
User types (Eason, 1987)
secondary
occasionally and/or indirectly uses the product/service
44. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
User types (Eason, 1987)
tertiary
affected by a product/service presentation
or influenced by a certain product/service
45. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
demographics
age, gender, ethnicity
+
psychological profile
46. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
education
elementary school vs. doctoral studies
47. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
physical abilities
senses & perception – e.g., visual acuity
(short/long-term) memory
anatomic features: length of arms, height, muscles,…
48. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
computer-related abilities
general knowledge regarding the use of computers
or the target platform – e.g., a specific game console
49. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
computer-related abilities
aspect of interest:
technophobic persons
50. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
skills
reading
using devices – keyboard, mouse, remote control,…
interpreting the output
etc.
51. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
experience related to the application domain
52. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Users without prior knowledge about
semantic Web can understand
and employ this user interface?
53. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
experience regarding
the type of (software) product/service
54. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
working environment
+
other social factors
55. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
relations with other persons
+
the use of communication patterns (1:1, 1:n, m:n)
56. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web application providing online communication
services used in the context of winter Olympic games
discussion
57. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web application providing online communication
services used in the context of winter Olympic games
user population
main user categories: athletes, their friends & families,
administration personnel, audience, sport reporters,…
discussion
58. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web application providing online communication
services used in the context of winter Olympic games
interaction
types of devices: desktop PCs, mobile phones,
info kiosks, public screens,
Web-friendly devices (smart phones, tablets),…
discussion
59. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web application providing online communication
services used in the context of winter Olympic games
conveying information
multiple formats
charts
rich versus limited data/interaction
search possibilities
filtering
reusing – e.g., sharing data to other apps/services
etc.
discussion
60. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
techniques:
user surveys
interviews
(in)direct observations: user tracking, feedback
real user testing
61. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Identifying characteristics of the user population
techniques:
user surveys
interviews
(in)direct observations: user tracking, feedback
real user testing
user research
62. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
http://www.nngroup.com/articles/which-ux-research-methods/
63. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Remark:
a software application could have
multiple audiences
64. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Remark (Rogers, 2007):
there are few cases
when users really know what they want
65. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Remark (Rogers, 2007):
“natural” tasks must be anticipated by software
on the basis of the perceived users’ behavior
66. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Remark (Raskin, 2000):
few persons could pretend that newer products
are easier to be used than old ones
67. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Laws of human-computer interaction
(Jeff Raskin, 2000)
a computer shall not harm your work or,
through inaction, allow your work
to come to harm
68. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
www.flickr.com/groups/insults/
69. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
Laws of human-computer interaction
(Jeff Raskin, 2000)
a computer shall not waste your time or
require you to do more work
than is strictly necessary
70. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
71. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
User InterfaceHumane Interface
(Raskin, 2000)
an interface is humane if it is responsive to
human needs and considerate of human frailties
72. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowing users…
User InterfaceHumane Interface
(Raskin, 2000)
an interface is humane if it is responsive to
human needs and considerate of human frailties
existing UIs are too complex for the majority of users
73. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Utilizatorii
thanks to our graduate Alexandru Rugină
74. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Can we model users?
75. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognition is a knowledge acquisition process
to understand the external world
via sensation, perception, and reasoning
Wang, 2008
76. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognition is a knowledge acquisition process
to understand the external world
via sensation, perception, and reasoning
Wang, 2008
77. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognition is a knowledge acquisition process
to understand the external world
via sensation, perception, and reasoning
Wang, 2008
78. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive engineering is a software engineering
principle that states the cognitive complexity and
human intelligent manageability should be
addressed as the dominant problem in almost
all processes of software design, implementation,
and maintenance
Wang, 2008
79. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive informatics
Wang, 2002
80. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Important aspects:
knowledge
behaviors
experience
skills
81. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Important aspects:
knowledge
behaviors
experience
skills
modeling the user
82. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive abilities define, in an abstract manner,
the model of a user
83. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Utilizatorii
89. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
data codification
types of stored things, associations
90. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
capacity
number of remembered things
91. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
duration (decay time)
how long a thing persists into memory
92. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
visual data
codification = images
no pixels, but physical properties: edges, curves, lengths
capacity: 7—17 symbols
decay: ~200 ms
93. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
the need of visual representation
http://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/visual_representation.html
RDFSpecies by C. Serban & D. A. Popovici (2012)
94. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
audio data
codification = sounds
capacity: ~5
decay: ~1500 ms
95. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Memory
audio data is pre-intentional
“What you’re saying?...”
96. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Bottom-up perception
uses stimuli
97. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Top-down perception
based on context
spatial and/or temporal data
influence over long-term memory
98. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Chunk = perceptual/cognitive unit
99. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Chunk division – e.g., grouping – depends on
the user background knowledge and
how data is presented
100. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Chunk division – e.g., grouping – depends on
the user background knowledge and
how data is presented
remember IA?
101. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Common technique:
TLA (Three-Letter Acronyms)
102. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Chunking – example:
B M W R C A A O L I B M F B I
MWR CAA OLI BMF BIB
BMW RCA AOL IBM FBI
103. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Common technique:
the codification of unrelated digits
uses 2—4 chunks
104. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Users memorize phone numbers by grouping:
0232201090
0232 20 10 90
105. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Working memory:
capacity: 7 ± 2 chunks – George Miller
decay: 7 sec. (5—226 sec.)repetitions
106. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Working memory:
capacity: 7 ± 2 chunks – George Miller
decay: 7 sec. (5—226 sec.)repetitions
influenced by interferences
107. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
anterograde amnesia – inability to store new memories
Memento (2000): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0209144/
108. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Long-time memory:
elaborate repetitions move chunks
from working memory to long-time memory
via connections (associations) with other chunks
109. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Long-time memory:
elaborate repetitions move chunks
from working memory to long-time memory
via connections (associations) with other chunks
influenced by context
110. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
representations must easily be
perceived and recognized
metaphors + idioms
111. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
from icons & symbols to visual metaphors
discussion
112. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
from icons & symbols to visual metaphors
discussion
113. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
from icons & symbols to visual metaphors
discussion
114. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
visual metaphors and/or idioms?
115. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“Metaphors create insight. But they also distort.
They have strengths. But they also have limitations.”
Gareth Morgan
http://www.orangecone.com/archives/2010/05/smart_things_ch_7.html
discussion
116. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
the use of metaphors and idioms
in the context of wearable devices
discussion
117. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
humans remember visual properties of things
e.g., color, shape,…
118. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
humans have difficulties in memorizing/recalling
arbitrary data
e.g., phone numbers, software serial numbers
119. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
UIs must facilitate recognition
120. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
users tend to annotate things
using external means to modify
existing (mental, internal) representations
121. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
users tend to annotate things
using external means to modify
existing (mental, internal) representations
examples:
underlining words, taking written/electronic notes,…
122. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
cognitive tracing
implies external manipulation of things
in order to (re)structure or (re)arrange them
123. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
cognitive tracing
implies external manipulation of things
in order to (re)structure or (re)arrange them
examples:
scrabble, bookmarking, tagging, etc.
124. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
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Cognition: perception
discussion
125. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Recognition versus recall
UIs must offer external representations of
the concepts used by the software
decreasing the cognitive overload
126. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Graphic
Resources
Correspondence Design Uses
Marks
Shape
Orientation
Size
Texture
Saturation
Color
Line
Literal
(visual imitation of
physical features)
Mapping
(quantity,
relative scale)
Conventional
(arbitrary)
Mark position,
identify category
(shape, texture color)
Indicate direction
(orientation, line)
Express magnitude
(saturation, size, length)
Simple symbols and
color codes
graphical representations in the context of UI design
Alan Blackwell (2011)
127. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
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128. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Graphic
Resources
Correspondence Design Uses
Symbols
Geometric
elements
Letter forms
Logos and
icons
Picture
elements
Connective
elements
Topological (linking)
Depictive
(pictorial conventions)
Figurative
(metonym, visual puns)
Connotative
(professional and
cultural association)
Acquired
Texts and symbolic
calculi
Diagram elements
Branding
Visual rhetoric
Definition of
regions
graphical representations in the context of UI design
Alan Blackwell (2011)
129. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
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130. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Graphic
Resources
Correspondence Design Uses
Regions
Alignment
grids
Borders and
frames
Area fills
White space
Gestalt
integration
Containment
Separation
Framing
(composition,
photography)
Layering
Identifying shared
membership
Segregating or
nesting multiple
surface conventions
in panels
Accommodating
labels, captions
or legends
graphical representations in the context of UI design
Alan Blackwell (2011)
131. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
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132. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Graphic
Resources
Correspondence Design Uses
Surfaces
The plane
Material object
on which the
marks are
imposed
(paper, stone)
Mounting,
orientation and
display context
Display medium
Literal (map)
Euclidean
(scale and angle)
Metrical
(quantitative axes)
Juxtaposed or ordered
(regions, catalogues)
Image-schematic
Embodied/situated
Typographic
layouts
Graphs & charts
Relational diagrams
Visual interfaces
Secondary
notations
Signs and displays
graphical representations in the context of UI design
Alan Blackwell (2011)
133. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
http://worrydream.com/
134. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
humans can focus
– using their perceptual processor –
on a single input channel at a given moment
135. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
humans can focus
– using their perceptual processor –
on a single input channel at a given moment
spotlight metaphor
136. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
the spotlight could track
multiple input communication channels
in sequential manner only
137. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
visual attention is more important
than the aural one
138. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
within a input channel,
the stimuli are processed in parallel
139. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition: perception
Attention
within a input channel,
the stimuli are processed in parallel
interferences
140. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
book
painting
ballet
penguin
astringent
melon
Please, indicate the color of each word:
141. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
green
yellow
white
magenta
red
blue
Please, indicate the color of each word:
142. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
green
yellow
white
magenta
red
blue
Please, indicate the color of each word:
interferences – the Stroup effect
143. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
the brain compares stimuli and selects a response
144. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
human-computer
interaction
for details, see www.slideshare.net/andresbaravalle/im2044-week-2-lecture
145. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
the decision making process is based on
skills, rules, and knowledge
146. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
skill-based decision making
learning by doing: walking, talking, driving, etc.
147. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
skill-based decision making
learning by doing: walking, talking, driving, etc.
influenced by age
148. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
rule-based decision making
e.g., social rules of proper manners
If I’ll see an elderly person, then I’ll politely say “Hello”.
149. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
rule-based decision making
e.g., social rules of proper manners
cultural factors
could be important
150. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Cognitive processor
knowledge-based decision making
uses the prior background knowledge,
even in unfamiliar/unexpected situations
151. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
experiment
Try to compute the two mathematical expressions below:
74 + 46
LXXIV + XLVI
in your head
by using a piece of paper
with a calculator
152. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
experiment
Try to compute the two mathematical expressions below:
74 + 46
LXXIV + XLVI
in your head
by using a piece of paper
with a calculator
Which is easiest and why?
153. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
attention is a resource that could be shared
in order to perform multiple activities
in the same time
154. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the activity structure:
multi-modality
e.g., visual + auditory + tactile interaction
155. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the activity structure:
codification
e.g., spatial data versus spoken data
156. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the activity structure:
involved components
using perceptual/cognitive processor
versus
motor processor
157. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the activity structure:
involved components
example:
playing chess versus pinball
158. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the difficulty:
well-practiced tasks are more easily performed
159. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
User multi-tasking
depends on the difficulty:
well-practiced tasks are more easily performed
example: it’s easier to ride the bike on an empty street
160. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Motor processor
open-loop control
autonomic
sending the same directives to the muscles
no feedback from perceptual processor
cycle time: ~70 ms
161. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Motor processor
close-loop control
muscles movements – or their effects – are perceived
and compared to the desired result
cycle time: ~240 ms
162. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
multimodal man-machine interaction model (Dumas et al., 2009)
163. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
cognitive conscious
versus
cognitive unconscious
164. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Property Conscious Unconscious
Engaged by
Novelty
Emergencies
Danger
Repetition
Expected Events
Safety
Used in New circumstances Routine situations
Can handle Decisions
Nonbranching
tasks
Accepts Logical propositions
Logic or
inconsistencies
Operates Sequentially Simultaneously
Controls Volition Habits
Capacity Tiny Huge
Persists for Tenths of seconds Decades (lifelong)
Jef Raskin, The Humane Interface, Addison Wesley, 2000
165. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
Distributed cognition
(Edwin Hutchins, 1995)
cognitive resources are shared socially in order
to extend individual cognitive resources or
to accomplish something that an individual agent
could not achieve alone
166. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Cognition
http://hci.ucsd.edu/hutchins/dcogAviation.html
167. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Reading:
place information and instruction in context
employ lists
chunk information
present content in sequence
168. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Reading:
maintain consistency in language and procedures
highlight critical/new information, information structure
use familiar terms, and avoid acronyms and jargon
169. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Leet (1337) speak
like other languages, 1337 is dynamic
symbols as shapes and not as their meanings
common phonetic replacements + inconsistencies
many acronyms and random capitalization
discussion
M. Perea, J. Duñabeitia, M. Carreiras, “R34D1NG
W0RD5 W1TH NUMB3R5”, Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2007
170. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Reading:
use illustrations to complement text
avoid the gratuitous use of animations & other movement
use familiar typefaces
171. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Reading:
allow user control to repeat output
avoid background noise with auditory output
maintain higher contrast
172. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Memory:
leverage existing knowledge, behaviors, and tasks
avoid splitting attention between two tasks
focus on the user goals
limit information and features to what is really needed
173. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
Worst Websites of 2013
www.webpagesthatsuck.com/worst-websites-of-2013.html
174. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Memory:
partition tasks in reasonably sized groups
support mental calculations, decisions, and comparisons
limit choices
175. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Memory:
complete information automatically in forms & fields
use mnemonics
minimize screen clutter
176. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Guidelines (William Gribbons, ‘08)
Memory:
provide extra time for tasks
eliminate the anxiety of timeouts
provide reminders
177. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
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178. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Fitts’ Law (1954)
predicts the pointing (movement) average time
as a function of the distance to and
width of the given target
179. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Fitts’ Law (1954)
how fast we can move the mouse to point to
a given UI component having a specific size
180. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Fitts’ Law (1954)
T = a + b * log2 (2*D / S)
T = time, D = distance, S = size
181. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Fitts’ Law (1954)
consequence:
Mac OS X menu is more ergonomic
than the main menu of each window in Windows
182. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Fitts’ Law (1954)
consequence:
pie (radial) menus are more easily to be used
than pop-up linear ones
183. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
184. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Hick’s Law (1952)
predicts the decision time for a set of choices
(e.g., in a menu)
185. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Hick’s Law
T = b*log2 (n + 1)
T = average reaction time (entropy of the decision),
n = number of equally probably alternatives,
b = a constant to be empirically determined
186. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
Hick’s law in the context of wizard (anti)pattern
http://designinginterfaces.com/patterns/wizard/
187. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Hick’s Law
example – measuring the user’s reaction time:
if a Web page has ~70 links, then the time used to make
a choice (i.e., visiting a link) will be ~105 seconds (70*1.5)
the more choices are eliminated,
the more enjoyable the experience will be
188. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
reducing the
number of choices
Twitter’s frontpage
(2010 vs. 2015)
189. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Steering Law
predicting the time of moving the hand through
a “tunnel” having the length D and width S
S
D
190. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Steering Law
T = a + b * D/S
the difficulty varies linearly, not logarithmic
guiding the mouse is harder than pointing it
191. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Empirical laws
Steering Law
consequence: cascading menus are hard to be used
192. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
By using laws and abstract models of the humans,
we can specify classes of users
personas
193. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
A precise description of the user of a system,
and of what (s)he wishes to accomplish
user archetype
Alan Cooper
www.cooper.com/journal/2008/05/the_origin_of_personas
194. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Although personas are not real people,
they represent them throughout the design stage
(Blomkvist, 2002)
195. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Although personas are not real people,
they represent them throughout the design stage
(Blomkvist, 2002)
creates a concrete profile of the typical user
(reliable & realistic representations of the key audience segments)
196. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Danger of the average users
197. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
The design must be performed regarding
the necessities and goals of each user category
www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/personas.html
198. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Important aspects:
age, abilities, ethnicity, social context, etc.
user profile
199. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
A. Stanciu, I. Schiopu, A. Grigoriu, I. Lazar (2011) – aisquared.wordpress.com
Student Tourist Single (wo)man
Name Andreea G. Paul R. Ioana P.
Age 19 32 27
Location Iasi, Romania Paris, France Bucharest, Romania
Social Life
For her, going to university
was a challenge because she
had to leave home,
separate from her parents
and beginning the process
of finding her identity, as an
adult, and her place in the
world.
Because his earnings are
above average and because
he works at least 50 hours
per week, when he has
some free time he likes to
make the most of it.
She doesn’t have time for
dating wrong persons.
Work Life
She is a student in
her freshman year at
Computer Science.
He works as a software
developer, but now he
is on vacation.
She is a hard working
woman.
Goals
A new city meant new
people & new friends.
That is why she was glad to
take part of a Social Speed
event. From her point of
view, it’s a fun way to
He believes that the person
blesses the place. That is
way when he travels he
thinks it is very important
to know and understand
the residents. Because of
From her point of view, this
application is the perfect
combination between
online dating and real life
dating. She knew from the
start that this was not a
200. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Student Tourist Single (wo)man
Name Andreea G. Paul R. Ioana P.
Age 19 32 27
Location Iasi, Romania Paris, France Bucharest, Romania
Social Life
For her, going to university
was a challenge because she
had to leave home,
separate from her parents
and beginning the process
of finding her identity, as an
adult, and her place in the
world.
Because his earnings are
above average and because
he works at least 50 hours
per week, when he has
some free time he likes to
make the most of it.
She doesn’t have time for
dating wrong persons.
Work Life
She is a student in
her freshman year at
Computer Science.
He works as a software
developer, but now he
is on vacation.
She is a hard working
woman.
Goals
A new city meant new
people & new friends.
That is why she was glad to
take part of a Social Speed
event. From her point of
view, it’s a fun way to
He believes that the person
blesses the place. That is
way when he travels he
thinks it is very important
to know and understand
the residents. Because of
From her point of view, this
application is the perfect
combination between
online dating and real life
dating. She knew from the
start that this was not a
a persona includes a name &
a photo, plus some demographics
A. Stanciu, I. Schiopu, A. Grigoriu, I. Lazar (2011) – aisquared.wordpress.com
201. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
microdata HTML5 template
http://profs.info.uaic.ro/~stefan.negru/personas/
202. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
personas for PaMI (Patient Monitoring Interface) project
A. Berila, A. Bulai, C. Chiric & M. Plesca, 2012
203. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Remarks (Donald Norman, 2004)
the purpose of the persona is to add empathetic focus
to the design
the personas must reflect the target group
for the design team
204. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Persona
Main processes:
conduct user research
condense the research
brainstorm (make classifications)proto-personas
refine
make them realistic
examples: http://uxmag.com/articles/using-proto-personas-for-executive-alignment
205. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
It’s not important how smart users are;
it’s important to be effective
Stephen Turbek, 2011
www.boxesandarrows.com/view/are-your-users-s-t-u
206. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
discussion
S.T.U.P.I.D. user
Stressed Tired Untrained Passive Independent Distracted
S.M.A.R.T. design
Simply Memorable Accept autopilot
Recovery Test in realistic situations
www.boxesandarrows.com/view/are-your-users-s-t-u
207. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
human capacities, cognition,
modeling users, empirical laws, personas
“Conclusion”
208. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
next lecture: design models & methodologies