1. Summer 2011 Cole Steber Knysnaand Monotropauniflora

2. Johannesburg, South Africa

3. Knysna, South Africa

5. Knysna Volunteer House

6. Two separate worlds

7. The People

8. Knysna Hospital

9. The “Theatre”

10. The Township

11. Sinetemba

12. Mad About Art

13. Tackle Africa

14. Fun Day

15. Exploring Knysna

16. Goodbye South Africa

17. Summer Research Project with monotropauniflora Microsatellite Primer Development Sampling trip Back in Danville…

18. Microsatellite(n): sequence composed of tandem repeat units usually two to five nucleotides in length (TC)12 CTAGGAGAGGTATATATGGGTCTTAAAATGTTTTAGATCATTATTTCAGATCTAAGTTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCCACTTGAAGAACTCTAGACCTCTCTGTCCCTTCTCTTTTGATTTTGAGGTGGTTCCA

19. Microsatellite as a Tool Fine scale population analyses Highly variable DNA Polymerase stutters Repeat units added or deleted DNA repair mechanisms not 100% effective http://studentreader.com/files/repeat_microsatellite.png

20. Monotropauniflora(Indian Pipe) Uniflora has large variation in color and in blooming periods Variation is evident across sympatric and allopatric populations

21. Characteristics Heterotrophic Grows 10-30 cm Predominantly underground Mycorrhizal Associates Russula Lactarius

22. Plant and Fungus Relationship 90% of plants have some association with mycorrhizal fungi Mutualism

23. Explanation for Variation Speciation Temporal reproductive isolation Cryptic speciation through mycorhizal fungal associate interactions Null hypothesis: No genetic differentiation among blooming periods

24. Final Progress Future Research: Genotyping the populations of extracted DNA Study associations of mycorrhizal associates

25. Genetic Fingerprint Combine 10 different loci to get one fingerprint per individual.

26. Field Biology in New England

27. To the Coast

28. In Search of Beach Plum

29. Pristine Landscape

30. The G-Gnomes

31. Long Island, New York

32. A Perfect Sunset

33. Jersey Shore

34. Exploration of the Medical Field Assisted career decision making Exploration of Scientific Research Learned how scientific process works Gained an appreciation for conservation and nature Summer Enrichment

35. To the James Grahm Brown Foundation and all my mentors who assisted and made my summer experience possible A Sincere Thank You