An educational overview of metabolism tracking.

1. Breezing
Co.,
Tempe,
Arizonawww.breezing.co
1

2. The
Motivation
www.breezing.co
• People
spend
~$600
billion
per
year,
yet
most
are
frustrated
with
the
results
• Most
people
know
weight
management
requires
balanced
diet
and
exercise.
• 2.1
billion
people,
30%
of
the
world
population,
were
overweight
or
obese
in
2013
2
out
3
Americans
are
overweight
or
Obese
2

3. The
Problem
How
much
should
I
eat?
How
much
should
I
exercise?
www.breezing.co
Why
is
my
weight
is
like
yo-­‐yo?
3

4. ~
80% ~ 10
% < 10
%
(sedentary)
Total
energy
expenditure
(TEE)
= -­‐
Weight Caloric
Intake
+ +
Resting
(REE) Thermogenesis Physical
Activity
Affordable
&
Mobile
Technologies
Affordable
&
Mobile
Technologies
The
need
….
www.breezing.co 4
(sedentary)

5. History
of
Measuring
Energy
Expenditure
1770’s
Law of the
conservation of
energy à
First Human
Calorimetry
Lavoisier &
Laplace
Other Direct
Calorimetry
Efforts:
Airflow, water flow,
water storage, and
gradient layer
calorimeter
1900’s
Claude Douglas:
Gold Standard Indirect
Calorimetry Method
CO2
O2
+
Analyzers
1890’s
Atwater & Rosa
Wesleyan Univ.: First
important work of Direct
Calorimetry
+
Analyzers
1940
Indirect Calorimetry:
Open circuit
spirometry
CO2
O2
Indirect
calorimetry:
Computer-­based
Instrumentation
(Breath-­by-­
breath)
1980 2000 2010
Portable Breath-­by-­
Breath Instrumentation
CO2
O2
2014
$(10-­‐35)K
5
$350
www.breezing.co
First
Mobile
Metabolism
Tracker

6. ~
80% ~ 10
% < 10
%
(sedentary)
Total
energy
expenditure
(TEE)
= -­‐
Weight Caloric
Intake
+ +
Resting
(REE) Thermogenesis Physical
Activity
Affordable
&
Mobile
Technologies
Affordable
&
Mobile
Technologies
The
need
….
www.breezing.co 6
(sedentary)

7. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Food
+
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
+ ATP (heat), storage
O2 CO2
Resting
Metabolism:
✓ Sustains
life
✓ Majority
of
our
daily
total
energy
expenditure
• VO2
consumed
oxygen rate
• VCO2
produced carbon
dioxide rate
7
How
does
it
work?
•Indirect
calorimetry
(Breezing
measures
consumed
oxygen
rate
and
produced
carbon
dioxide
rate)
•Recommended
by
AND,
WHO,
ACSM,
ADA
www.breezing.co

8. Energy
management:
Cardio-­‐Pulmonary
System
• VO2
consumed oxygen rate
• VCO2
produced carbon dioxide rate
Right Side
of Heart
Lungs
CaO2 -­ CvO2 = 5 mL O2 per 100 mL
CO2
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Muscle and
Tissues
Left Side
of Heart
Energy (ATP) 8
www.breezing.co

9. Indirect
Calorimetry
Principle
Weir, J. B. D. (1949). "New Methods For Calculating Metabolic Rate With Special Reference To Protein Metabolism." Journal Of
Physiology-­London 109(1-­2): 1-­9.
Weir, J. B. D. (1990). "Nutrition Metabolism Classic -­ New Methods For Calculating Metabolic-­Rate With Special Reference To Protein-­
Metabolism." Nutrition 6(3): 213-­221.
REE (kCal/day) = [3.9 (VO2) + 1.1 (VCO2)] x 1.44
VO2: consumed oxygen rate (mL/min)
VCO2: produced carbon dioxide rate (mL/min)
Weir Equation:
Resting
Energy
Expenditure:
9
www.breezing.co

10. Direct
Calorimetry
vs.
Indirect
Calorimetry
Indirect
Heat
Measurement
CO2
O2
Direct
Heat
Measurement
10
www.breezing.co

11. Direct
Calorimetry
vs.
Indirect
Calorimetry
Direct
Heat
Measurement
Indirect
Heat
Measurement
CO2
O2
2717
kCal/day
2723
kCal/day
1900
-­‐ Atwater
&
Rosa’
research:
Energy
expenditure
of
3
men
who
lived
in
the
calorimeter
for
40
days
Error:
+/-­‐ 0.2
%
*
Other
researchers’
experiments:
Error
=
+/-­‐ 1%
11
Science
demonstrated
that
direct
calorimetry
is
equivalent
to
indirect
calorimetry

12. Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
1700
kCal/day 1200
kCal/day
Your
metabolism
=
Your
energy
=
Your
Fire
Why
track
metabolism?
Weight:
112
lbs
Height:
5’
6’’
Age:
29
years
12
www.breezing.co
Different
people
have
different
metabolisms

13. ExerciseGenetics
Diet
Drugs,
substances
Pregnancy
Informacion
from
Sport
Nutrition
for
Health
and
Performance,
M.
Manore,
N.
Mayer,
J.
Thompson
-­‐ 2009
Hormones
13
www.breezing.co
Why
track
metabolism?
Different
factors
can
affect
metabolism

14. 14
www.breezing.co
Tracking
Metabolism
for
Better
Health
Diet
Changes
in
diet
can
significantly
change
metabolism.
For
example,
a
crash
diet
can
cause
drastic
reduction
in
metabolic
rate,
leading
to
a
“weight
loss
plateau”.
See
slides
23-­‐24,
and
“Case
Studies”
Case
#8.
Exercise
Exercise
can
affect
metabolism. For
example,
muscle-­‐
building
increases
metabolism
and
High
Intensity
Intermittent
Training
(HIIT)
creates
an
“afterburn”
effect.
See
slides
27-­‐28,
and
“Case
Studies”
Cases #6
and #7.
Hormones/medication
Hormonal
changes
and
medications
can
change
metabolism.
Monitoring
metabolism
helps
screen
for
potential
hyper-­‐ or
hypo-­‐thyroidism.
See
“Case
Studies” Case
#5.
Pregnancy
Metabolism changes
significantly throughout
pregnancy
and
after
giving
birth.
Tracking
metabolism
helps
the
mother
maintain
and
achieve
the
proper
weight
for
the
baby’s
healthy
growth.
See
“Case
Studies”
Case
#3.

15. GJODMS, March, 2015
Tracker
for
Resting
Energy
Expenditure
(REE)
or
Resting
Metabolic
Rate
15

16. GJODMS, March, 2015
The
Tracker
for
Energy
Expenditure
(EE)
demonstrated
~100%
accuracy
16

17. 17
Moscow
Hospital
-­‐ 2014
Link
a
video:
hUps://yadi.sk/i/AS_kZZKddY3DA
Other
independent
validations
(case
#1)
www.breezing.co
Professionals in
Moscow’s
Hospital have
probed that
Breezing
functions at the
same level of
expensive
metabolic carts
(100 times more
expensive than
Breezing)

18. 18
Grupo
GAYTA/COINCIDE group,
México
-­‐ 2014
Other
independent
validations
(case
#2)
www.breezing.co
Atlas soccer team’s
Sports Nutrition
Team
(COINCIDE) has
demonstrated the
importance of
measuring
metabolism in
Sports Nutrition

19. Other
independent
validations
(case
#3)
19
Comparison
with
Fitmate
(Cosmed)
-­‐ 2014
Difference
between
Breezing
and
Fitmate
of
4
kCal/daywww.breezing.co

20. 20
Other
groups/institutions
using
Breezing
British
Columbia
Vincennes
University
www.breezing.co

21. Importance
of
Metabolism
for
Weight
Management
Resting
Metabolic
Rate
(RMR)
=
“Metabolism”
=
Resting
Energy
Expenditure
(REE)
21
www.breezing.co

22. Food
Total
Energy
Expenditure
(TEE)
=
Calories
burned
Calorie
Intake
PA
REE
Physical
Activity
Metabolism
(>75%)
Energy
Balance
and
Weight
Loss
Food-­‐induced
Thermogenesis
22
www.breezing.co

23. Weight Target
Weight
1
Weight
maintenance
1 2
Weight
loss1
2
3
REE
Drop
=
No
weight
loss2
Time
3
1-­‐ Seagle,
H.
M.,
G.
W.
Strain,
et
al.
(2009).
"Position
of
the
America
Dietetic
Association:
Weight
Management."
Journal
Of
The
American
Dietetic
Association
109(2):
330-­‐346.
2
-­‐ Elliot,
D.
L.,
L.
Goldberg,
et
al.
(1989).
"SUSTAINED
DEPRESSION
OF
THE
RESTING
METABOLIC-­‐RATE
AFTER
MASSIVE
WEIGHT-­‐LOSS."
American
Journal
Of
Clinical
Nutrition
49(1):
93-­‐96.
-­‐ Heshka,
S.,
M.
U.
Yang,
et
al.
(1990).
"WEIGHT-­‐LOSS
AND
CHANGE
IN
RESTING
METABOLIC-­‐RATE."
American
Journal
Of
Clinical
Nutrition
52(6):
981-­‐986.
-­‐ Leibel,
R.
L.,
M.
Rosenbaum,
et
al.
(1995).
"CHANGES
IN
ENERGY-­‐EXPENDITURE
RESULTING
FROM
ALTERED
BODY-­‐WEIGHT."
New
England
Journal
of
Medicine
332(10):
621-­‐628.
Unsustainable
Weight
Loss
Problem
23
Metabolism
can
drop
!
www.breezing.co

24. 1
2
Weight
maintenance Weight
loss
Weight
Time
Target
Weight
1
2
3’
3’
REE
Increase
=
Weight
loss
Sustainable
Weight
Loss
Monitoring
Resting
Energy
Expenditure
24
www.breezing.co

25. 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
Mean: 85.1%
Standard Deviation: 2.9%
REE / TEE (%)
Subject (#)
Most
of
daily
total
energy
expenditure
(TEE)
is
spent
to
maintain
basic
body
functions
(energy
expenditure
at
resting
state,
EER
or
REE)
How
Sedentary
Are
We?
Total
Energy
Expenditure*
Resting
Energy
Expenditure
(REE)
Thermogenesis
Physical
Activity
75
%
15
%
~10
%
*McArdle,
Katch &
Katch,
Ex.
Physiology,
2009
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Driving
Bench Work
Watching TV
Walking
Office Work
Sleeping
Daily Activity (hs)
Subject (#)
Leisure
Lab Work
Work
from
Arizona
State
University,
2013

26. 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
20
40
60
80
100
Mean: 85.1%
Standard Deviation: 2.9%
REE / TEE (%)
Subject (#)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Driving
Bench Work
Watching TV
Walking
Office Work
Sleeping
Daily Activity (hs)
Subject (#)
Leisure
Most
of
daily
total
energy
expenditure
(TEE)
is
spent
to
maintain
basic
body
functions
(energy
expenditure
at
resting
state,
REE)
How
Sedentary
Are
We?
Total
Energy
Expenditure*
Resting
Energy
Expenditure
(REE)
Thermogenesis
Physical
Activity
>
80
%
<
5
%~10
%
*Exercise
Physiology,
McArdle,
Katch &
Katch
15%
à 5%
75%
à >80%
Work
from
Arizona
State
University,
2013

27. Food
Total
Energy
Expenditure
(TEE)
=
Calories
burned
Calorie
Intake
PA
REE
Physical
Activity
Metabolism
(>75%)
(80-­‐90
%
in
sedentary
persons)
Energy
Balance
– How
we
can
modify
it?
Food-­‐induced
Thermogenesis
27
www.breezing.co

28. Total
Energy
Expenditure
(TEE)
P
A
REE
Physical
Activity
Metabolism
Food-­‐induced
Thermogenesis
28
Metabolism
(RMR)
and
Physical
Activity*
P
A
REE
Exercise
P
A
REE
*Speakman et.al.,
Proceeding
of
the
nutrition
society,
2003,
62,
621-­‐634
(Fig.2
reproduction)
Total
Effect
of
Sustained
Exercise
www.breezing.co

29. How
we
can
increase
metabolism
and
reverse
sedentary
lifestyles
without
drastically
altering
our
schedules?
29
High
Intensity
Intermittent
Training
(HIIT)
Work
from
Arizona
State
University,
2013
www.breezing.co

30. Jessica and Andrew
Troy, Personal Trainer
Gabriel
Olympic Diver, Mexico
Fang, pregnant mom
(episode 1, episode II)
Dr. Sabagh
Real
User
Stories