Webinar given for the LibraryLinkNJ, The New Jersey Library Cooperative on May 8, 2018. http://librarylinknj.org/ CC-BY-NC 4.0 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/]

1. FromVirtual Reality to
Blockchain: Current and
EmergingTechTrends
Bohyun Kim
ChiefTechnology Officer & Associate Professor,
University of Rhode Island Libraries
LibraryLinkNJWebinar series, Online. May 8, 2018.

2. Add your questions or comments here:
https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

3. Trend 1. Digital Reality / Extended Reality
• Virtual Reality
• Augmented Reality
• Mixed Reality

5. https://www.flickr.com/photos/albert_hsieh/28236326333

6. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/mixed-reality-technology-brings-mars-to-earth

7. Devices forVR
• HTCVive
• Oculus Rift
• Google Cardboard
• Samsung GearVR

8. Devices for AR
https://www.wired.com/story/google-glass-2-is-here/

9. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/hololens
Devices for MR

10. Use Cases
• Education
• Healthcare
• Manufacturing
• Aviation
• Engineering

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC5097mA9f4

14. https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/03/18/514299682/google-glass-didnt-disappear-you-can-
find-it-on-the-factory-floor

15. https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0258902EN/bmw-opts-to-incorporate-htc-vive-vr-
headsets-and-mixed-reality-into-the-development-of-new-vehicle-models-computer-images-instead-of-
laboriously-constructed-draft-models:-greater-flexibility-faster-results-and-lower-costs?language=en

16. Why Does Digital Reality Matter?

17. https://lookingglassfactory.com/product/holoplayer-one/

18. https://lookingglassfactory.com/product/holoplayer-one/

19. Brainstorm – Digital Reality
• What are the opportunities and challenges that this digital reality
trend may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this digital reality trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

20. http://gciel.sites.grinnell.edu/

21. https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/spaces/vr-studio

22. Trend 2. DLT aka Blockchain
• DLT = Digital LedgerTechnology
• Developed for Bitcoin, the first distributed cryptocurrency that
appeared in Jan 2009
• Security
• Speed
• Privacy
• Decentralized

23. https://blockchain.info/charts/n-transactions

24. https://blockchain.info/charts/estimated-transaction-volume-usd?daysAverageString=7&timespan=all

25. Immutable and Irreversible
• Linked hashes with time stamps
• Security
• Speed
• Privacy
• Decentralized
• How does it work… ??

26. https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/

27. How Does BlockchainWork?
Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of Blockchain,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

28. Key Components
• Public key cryptography
• Hashing
• Nonce
• Mining
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/File:Blockchain.png

29. HASH
https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/

30. “The Great Chain of Being Sure about
Things,” The Economist, October 31, 2015,
https://www.economist.com/news/briefin
g/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-
lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-
each-other-build-dependable.

31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree

32. Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of Blockchain,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

33. Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of
Blockchain - Blockgeeks,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

34. Process
• A transaction is transformed into a hash.
• The hash of a whole block is created.
• A nonce (random string) is appended to the hash and hashed again.
• The resulting hash is compared to the difficulty level required by a
blockchain.
• If it is less than the difficulty level, other nodes on the network checks and
confirms the solution and updates their instances of the blockchain.
• If it not, then the nonce is changed and the trial-and-error process repeats.
• The hash of the header becomes the new block’s identifying string, and
the addition is propagated through the network. That block is now part of
the ledger.
• The miners responsible for this are rewarded (if there is a reward
associated with mining).

35. Why Does DLT/Blockchain matter?
• Immediate, low cost, and secure
• Enables decentralized authority
(No longer a mediating 3rd-party authority is required)
• Disruptive

36. Blockchain Is aTrust Protocol.
• Transparency
• Privacy
• Application in a wide range of areas

37. https://tnw.to/Sl2Oo

38. https://www.technologyrevie
w.com/s/610806/inside-the-
jordan-refugee-camp-that-
runs-on-blockchain/

39. https://e-estonia.com/solutions/e-identity/e-residency/

40. Smart Contract
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/ethereum/

41. https://www.technologyre
view.com/s/610718/states-
that-are-passing-laws-to-
govern-smart-contracts-
have-no-idea-what-
theyre-doing/

43. Blockchain Start-Ups
• Everledger
• Horizon State
• Augur
• Livepeer
• EventChain

46. https://dock.io/how-it-works

47. https://joincivil.com/how-it-works/

48. https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/09/sony-education-blockchain/

49. Issues with DLT/Blockchain
• Implementation barriers
• Speed
• Interoperability
• Energy consumption
• 51% attack

50. Brainstorm - DLT
• What are the opportunities and challenges that the DLT - aka
Blockchain - may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

51. https://ischoolblogs.sjsu.edu/blockchains/

52. Trend 3. Artificial Intelligence
• Purpose of AI
• What is a uniquely human task?

53. https://www.wired.
com/story/uber-
self-driving-crash-
video-arizona/

55. What drove the recent advancement in AI?

56. https://poundforabrown.wordpress.com/2013/07/20/the-chinese-room/

57. Machine Learning ⊂ Artificial Intelligence
https://webdam.com/blog/machine-learning-making-dam-better/

58. https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2016/07/29/whats-difference-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-deep-learning-ai/

59. https://www.amchkg.com/shileiblog/2017.1.4deep-learning

60. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/26/technology/in-a-big-network-of-computers-evidence-of-machine-
learning.html

61. https://www.technologyreview.c
om/s/525586/facebook-creates-
software-that-matches-faces-
almost-as-well-as-you-do/

63. https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/26/alexa-will-soon-gain-a-memory-converse-more-
naturally-and-automatically-launch-skills/

65. https://hbr.org/2018/03/ai-will-change-radiology-but-it-wont-replace-radiologists

69. https://yewno.com/edu/concept/102e6bf8445dff7c922e1cc4e997ebf3

71. Brainstorm - AI
• What are the opportunities and challenges that new developments in
AI may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

72. Possible AI Innovations for Libraries
• Automatic feature detection (such as railroads) in the map data
• Solving a problem in their library’s space assessment
• Automated abstract & Indexing
• Automated information discovery & retrieval
• VUI (Voice User Interface), facial recognition, chatbot …
• Information verification, validation, evaluation
• How to collaborate effectively (with people & machines)

73. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604
087/the-dark-secret-at-the-heart-of-ai/

74. https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/pitfalls-artificial-intelligence-decisionmaking-highlighted-idaho-aclu-case

75. http://explainableai.com/

76. Trend 4. Social Entrepreneurship
• Begins with “DesignThinking”
• Solving a problem
• From a user’s point of view
• Based upon users needs
• Re-examine how the problem itself has been phrased from multiple
points of view.

77. http://www.ocregister.com/2007/07/31/shimano-peddles-new-bike/
How Does ItWork?

78. DesignThinking for Innovation
• Human-centered exploration of the problem through
empathy,
experimentation,
and prototyping,
which creates a better solution - better UX.

79. A desirable solution that is financially viable and
technologically feasible
A desirable solution that is financially viable and technologically feasible.
Image source: IDEO, DesignThinking for Libraries, http://designthinkingforlibraries.com/.

80. Social Entrepreneurship
• = Social innovation
• = Social design
• = Creative entrepreneurship
• = Social venture capital
• Applying design thinking and a business approach to solve social
issues
• Social impact + Business goals

82. http://www.pallottateamworks.com/financial_netincome.php

86. http://acumen.org/our-investments/

89. Why Does Social Entrepreneurship Matter?
• A new approach to problem-solving in social issues
• Steady and growing interests in social innovation that is creative and
sustainable at the same time

92. Social Design for Libraries?
• Significant to libraries at multiple levels

93. Brainstorm – Social Innovation
• What are the opportunities and challenges that social design/
entrepreneurship may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

94. http://designthinkingforlibraries.com/

96. ThankYou!
Bohyun Kim
@bohyunkim [Twitter]