PHOBIC ANXIETY DISORDER
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A phobia is an excessive and irrational fear reaction. If you have a phobia, you may experience a deep sense of dread or panic when you encounter the source of your fear. The fear can be of a certain place, situation, or object. Unlike general anxiety disorders, a phobia is usually connected to something specific
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PHOBIC ANXIETY DISORDER
- 1. PRESENTED BY MR KALYANKUMAR MSC(N) Phobia
- 2. Introduction ▪ Anxiety is a vague feeling of dread or apprehension; it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioural, emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms. Anxiety is distinguished from fear, which is feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable, external stimulus that represents danger to the person.
- 3. Definition ▪ Phobia is an unreasonable fear of specific object, activity or situation. (OR) ▪ Phobia is defined as a persistent avoidance behaviour secondary to irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation.
- 4. Incidence ▪ An estimated 19 million Americans have a phobia that causes difficulty in some area of their lives. ▪ Social phobia is the most common of all phobias ▪ Specific phobia occurs in 2.4 to 9.2 % of children and adolescents, with usual onset between 5 and 13 years of age.
- 5. Causes ▪ Genetic and environmental factors can cause phobias. ▪ Children who have a close relative with anxiety disorder are at risk of developing phobias. ▪ People with ongoing medical conditions or health concerns often have phobias. ▪ There’s a high incidence of people developing phobias after traumatic brain injuries , substance abuse and depression.
- 7. Specific phobia ▪ It is an irrational fear of specific object or stimulus. Specific phobias are common in childhood. By early teenage most of these fears are lost, but a few persist till adult life.
- 8. Examplesof some specific phobias ▪ Acrophobia -Fear of heights ▪ Hematophobia- Fear of sight of blood ▪ Claustrophobia- Fear of closed spaces
- 9. ▪ Gamophobia- Fear of marriage ▪ Insectophobia- Fear of insects ▪ AIDS phobia- Fear of AIDS
- 10. ▪ Zoophobia- Fear of animals ▪ Micro phobia- Fear of germs ▪ Brontophobia- Fear of thunder ▪ Algophobia- Fear of pain
- 11. Signsandsymptomsof Specificphobia ▪ Loss of control ▪ Fainting ▪ Avoidance of activities involving feared stimulus. ▪ Anxiety when thinking about stimulus ▪ Worry with anticipatory anxiety ▪ Impaired work function
- 12. Social phobia ▪ It is an irrational fear of performing activities in the presence of other people or interacting with others.
- 13. SignsandSymptomsof Socialphobia ▪ Hyperventilation ▪ Sweating, cold and clammy hands ▪ Blushing ▪ Palpitations ▪ Confusion
- 14. ▪ Gastrointestinal symptoms ▪ Urinary urgency ▪ Muscle tension ▪ Anticipatory anxiety ▪ Fear
- 15. ▪ Anticipatory anxiety occurs well in advance of a particular situation such as Public speech or Social event. The added anxiety results in actual or Perceived failure in the situation, leading to embarrassment and further anxiety.
- 16. AgoraPhobia ▪ It is characterized by an irrational fear of being in places away from the familiar setting of home, in crowds or in situations that patient can’t leave easily. ▪ As Agoraphobia increases in severity, there is a gradual restriction in normal day to day activities. Severe cases Person becomes self imprisoned at home.
- 17. Signs andSymptoms ▪ Overriding fear of open or public space ▪ Avoidance of public places ▪ Fear ▪ Dry mouth ▪ Shortness of breath ▪ Rapid speech or inability to speak
- 18. Diagnosis ▪ History collection ▪ Diagnosis confirmed if ICD 10 criteria met.
- 19. Treatment Pharmacotherapy ▪ Benzodiazepines (Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam, Diazepam). ▪ Antidepressants ( Imipramine, Sertraline) ❖ Cognitive Behaviour therapy ❖ Psychotherapy
- 20. Nursing management ▪ Focus on Physical symptoms, precipitating factors and avoidance behaviour associated with phobia ▪ During the assessment of patients with high levels of anxiety the nurse should make observations of thought process, affect, communication, psychomotor and physiological responses.
- 21. ▪ The Nurse should use directive questions to elicit subjective information about how the patient is currently feeling and what happened before the onset of symptoms ▪ Ask the patient about other somatic symptoms such as fatigue, muscle aches, eating patterns, Bowel habits and sleeping patterns ▪ Assess for communication pattern ▪ Assess for social support system.