1. Dr Bidhan Mahajon
PG Scholar
Department of Dravyaguna
Vijnanam
VPSV Ayurveda
College,Kottakkal
1

2. PRESENT SCENARIO :
Exports of Ayurvedic medicines have reached
a value of 100 million dollars a year.
60% of this is crude herbs.
30% is finished product.
10% is partially prepared products.
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3. Cont........
1. Adhatoda vasica (0.5% Vasicine)
2. Andrographis paniculata (10% Andrographolide)
3. Azadirachita indica (2% Azadiractin)
4. Bacopa monneri (20% Bacoside)
5. Centella asiatica (3% Asiaticoside)
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4. 6. Glycyrrihiza glabra (20% Glycyrrhizin)
7. Gymnema sylvestre (25% Gymnemic Acid).
8. Withania somnifera (1.5% withanolides)
9. Curcuma longa (95% Curcumin)
10. Embelia ribes (8% Embellin)
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5. 5

6. 6

7.  In Ayurveda Desha refers to two factors:
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8. -
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9. “
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10. -
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11. -
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12. “
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13.  Land: Clear sky,small hills,Dry and strong wind
 Soil: Rough,sandy and mixed with gravels
 Rain,Air: Less rain fall,horsh and hot air
 Plants: Few, small, thorny trees
 People: Stable and lean,strong body,vata pitta
predominant dosa
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14. -
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15. “
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16.  Land: Uneven, river, mountain, covered with forest
 Air: Mild, soft, cold winds
 Rain: Heavy rainfall, lot of water resources
 Plants: Large trees, land covered with soft plant
 People: Mrudu,sukumar,well built,kapha vata dosa
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17. 

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18. “
”
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19.  Sheeta, Varsaa,Ushma,Maaruta remain balanced
 Tridosa are also remain balanced in body
 People are healthy, well built structure
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20. 
Xerophytic
 Hydrophytic
 Mesophytic
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21. “
”
(
)
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22.  Jaangala Desha
 Jangala-sadhaarana Desha
 Sadharana Desha
 Aanupa saadharana Desha
 Anupa Desha
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23.  According to P.V Sharma:
1.
Jangala(Forest)- Vata predominant
2.
Parvatya(Hilly)-Vata.kapha
3.
Saikat(Arid)-Vata,pitta
4.
Saindhav(Oceanic)-Kapha,pitta
5.
Anupa(Sub-aquatic)-Kapha
6.
Madhya(Central)-Saadharana
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24. “
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”
(
on
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25. “
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26. 1. Bhumi should be devoid of:
Gravel,stones,Anthill,Grave yard, siaughter house,
temple,sand brittle
2. Aduradakaa
3. Snigdha,mrudu,sthira,gauri,lohita
4. Sama-even land
5. Prarohavati-Ability to germinate seeds
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27. 
(
)
Paarthiva Bhumi
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28. 
(
)
Aapya Bhumi
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29. 
(
)
Aagneya Bhumi
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30. 
(
)
Vaayavya Bhumi
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31. 
||
(
)
Aakashiya Bhumi
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32. (
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33. Soil
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34.  Physiographic Divisions of India:
1. Northern Himalaya
2. Great Northern plain
3. Central Highlands
4. Deccan Plateu
5. Costal Plains
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35. 35

36.  Solid space-50%
Mineral-45%
Organic-5%
 pore space-50%
Water-25%
Air-25%
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37.  Types of soil:
Stone
Gravel
Sand
Slit
Clay
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38.  Kalaka vana: Western himalaya
 Caitrarath vana: Central himalaya
 Kirata vana: Eastran himalaya
 Panchananda: Northern plain sat foothills of
Himalaya
 Praacya: Indo- Gangetic plain
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39.  Vedikarusaka: Central highland
 Angireya: Sundarvana,Nagahills,Mikershills.
 Kalingaka: In Vindya & Citrakuta
 Dasharnaka: Nilgiri hills, Anaimalai
 Aparanta: Western ghaat
 Saurastra: Belongs to Avanti & daruvati
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40. 
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
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41. -
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42. 42

43. Industrialization
Commercialization
World wide demand of medicinal plant
Extinction, Adulteration,
Substitution
GCP
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44. 
Ensure quality and purity of medicinal plant
 Assure regular supply of crude drug
 Leads to Industrialization to a greater extent
 Permits the application modern technological
(mutation, polyploidy & hybridization)
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45. 1. Sexual methods
2. Asexual methods
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46. 46

47.  Seedlings are long lived & bear more heavily
 Comparatively cheaper and easy to raise
 Great importance to some specific products
 May only method of choice
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48.  Not uniform in growth & yielding capacity
 Require more to bear
 Cost of harvesting, spraying of pesticides etc are
more
 Not possible to avail of modifying influence of
root stock or scion
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49.  There is no variation of plant
 Only way of making seedless variety of fruits
 Plants start bearing earlier
 Budding or grafting encoverages diseases
 Modifying influence of root-stock or scion can be
availed
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50.  Not vigorous in growth and are not long lived
 No new varieties can be evolved
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51. 1. Altitude, temperature and humidity
2. Rainfall or irrigation
3. Soil and soil fertilizers
4. Fertilizers
5. Pests and pest control
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52.  Tea- 1000-1500 metres
 Cinchona - 1000-2000 metres
 Eucalyptus - 1000-2000 metres
 Cinnamom and cardamom-500-1000 metres
 Senna-at sea level
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53. Optimum Temperature for drug cultivation:
 Tea- 70 to 90(F)
 Cinchona – 60 to 75(F)
 Cinnamom and cardamom-50-100 (F)
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54. Except xerophytes plants like aloe, acacia etc.
Proper arrangements for irrigation
Or
Sufficient rainfall
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55.  Depending upon the size of mineral:
Fine clay-less than 0.002 mm
Course clay-0.002 to 0.02 mm
Fine sand- 0.02 to 0.2 mm
Course sand- 0.2 to 2.00 mm
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56. Depending upon the percentage covered by clay:
1. Clay soil- more than 50% of clay
2. Loamy soil- 30 to 50% of clay
3. Slit loam soil- 20 to 30% of clay
4. Sandy loam soil- 10 to 20% of clay
5. Sandy soil- more than 70%
6.Calcarious soil- more than 20% of lime
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57. 1. Chemical fertilizers: Primary nutrients
Secondary nutrients
2. Manures: FYM/composet
Castor seed cakes, Neem karanja seed etc
3. Bio fertilizers: Rhizobium
Azotobactor
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58.  Fungi and Viruses- Alternaria tenuis
Pythopthora sp
Cercospora canescens
Cercospora jasminicola
Curularia lunatus
etc etc
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59.  Insects- 1.bitting and chewing
2.piercing and sucking
Eg:
Diaphania nilgiri
Indomia cretaceus
Gonocephalum species etc
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60.  Weeds- Ragweed
Medican tea
Yellow doc
western poison oak
Varnish tree
Poison sumac
hay fever
Dermatitis
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61.  Non-insect pest-
1. Vertebrates
2. Invertebrates
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62.  Mechanical methods
 Agricultural methods
 Biological control
 Chemical control
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63. 63

64. Method
Various criteria
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65.  Criteria for Drug collection:
1. Characteristics of drug to be collected
2. Part of the plant
3. Time of collection
4. Purpose
5. Potency of drug
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66. 
Characteristics of drug to be collected
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67. (
)
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68.  Part of the plant to be used:
Patra shaaka:
-
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69. Kanda(Tuber):
)
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70.  Phala(Fruit):
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71. 
Time of collection:
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72. Ra.Ni-Dharanyaadi varga
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73. -
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74. According to Purpose:
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75.  According to Purpose:
Shaarangadhara:
For shodhana karma- Vasanta
For shamana karma- Sharada
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76.  Potency of drug:
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77.  Potency of drug:
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78. (
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)
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79.  Uttara(North): God of drug
 Poorva(East): God of sun
 Sumanaa,suchi.snaan: Hygiene
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80.  Rhubarb: No anthraquinone in winter
 Rhamnus purshiana: C-glycoside, O-glycoside
 Camphore: At 40 years age
 Poppy, Argot, Solanaceae plants: Day night
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81. 1. Leaves and flowering top- just before flowering
2. Flowers- before pollination or full expansion
in day time preferably during morning hours
3. Bark- Early summer or spring, sometimes in
autumn or rainy season.
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82.  Rhizome: reserve food material
 Gall: after the escape of gall warm
 Unorganized drug: as soon as they ooze
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83.  Three different methods of collecting bark:
1. Felling
2. Uprooting
3. Coppicing
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84.  Knowledge of physical and chemical properties
 Water proof, fire proof, rodent proof
 Air tight containers or air replaced by a inert gas
 Temperature
 Fumigation
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85. Several operation or treatment
 Preparation of Drug:
 Cleaning & Washing
 Sliced: large part
 Mucilaginous fruits: Free from pulp
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86. Drying
Artificial Drying
Temperature:
Leaves,Flower,herbs: 20-40 degree C
Barks: 30-65 degree C
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87.  Direct sun drying:
Constituents are quite stable
 Shed drying:
Retaining natural colour and volatile content
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88.  Oven or tray dryers:
Hot air & desired temperature circulated
Eg- Belladona root, Cinchona bark
 Vacuum dryers:
Drug sensitive to high temparature
Eg-Tannic acid, Digitalis leaves
 Spray dryers:
Quick drying of economically important
constituents. Eg-Papya latex, pectine etc
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89.  Removal of extraneous matter
Excessive stem: lobelia and stramonium
Stalks: cloves
Iron pieces: Castor seed before crushing
By shifting- Vince and senna
Bark pieces: Gum acacia
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90.  Dependable factor:
Morphology
Chemical nature
Ultimate use
Effect of climatic condition
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91.  Aloe: goat skin
 Colophony, balsam of tolu: Kerosene tins
 Asafoetida: Closed containers
 Leaf drug senna vinca: pressed & baled
 Cinnamomam bark: One inside the other quill
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92.  Date: Picked and dryed
 Name: Latin,Botanical.Common
 Method of drying:
Oven dry: +
Sun dry: 0
 Part of the herb: Root,stem etc
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93. 93

94. -
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on
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95.  Stored house should be in suitable place with proper
ventilation.
 It should not be situated at or near circle and junction.
 Everyday should be worshipped after cleaning.
 Should be devoid of fire, water,moister,smoke,dust,rats
and other insects.
 Containers should have similar qualities.
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96. -
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97.  Preservation techniques:
Plota, karpata: Ragged cloth
Mridbhanda, mrittika pata: Earthen pot
Phalaka, pattaka: Plank
Shanku: stake/pillar/post/pale
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98.  Proper Ayurvedic treatment
 Quality control and standardization
 Globalization of ayurveda
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99. THANK
YOU
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