this ppt tells you about the registration and safety testing of bio-pesticides and what are the various types of pesticdes have been used and their registration process, etc....hope that you will find it easy ....

1. REGISTRATION AND SAFETY TESTING OF
BIO-PESTICIDES
DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY

2. BIOPESTICIDES
• Bio pesticides are living organisms which can
intervene the life cycle of insect pests in such
a way that the crop damage is minimized.
The agents employed as biopesticides,
include parasites, predetors and disease
causing fungi, bacteria and viruses, which are
the natural enemies of pests. Further, they
complement and supplement other methods
of pest control

3. CONTRIBUTION OF BIOPESTICIDES IN
INDIA OUT OF ALL AVAILABLE
PESTICIDES
• 0.2% ------------------2000
• 2.5%-------------------2005
• 5%---------------------2013

4. BIOPESTICIDE SCENERIO IN INDIA
• Bt stands first in terms of consumption followed
by neem.
• More than 100 companies involved in
manufacture/formulation of bio-pesticides and
biocontrol agents.
• Sugarcane borers have been sucessfully managed
in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Odisha, Rajasthan,
U.P.,Bihar and Harayana by use of trichogramma.
• Pyrella in sugarcane have also been sucessfully
managed in above states by introduction of
Epiricamia melanoleuca.

5. • So far, nearly 500 biopesticides are available in
the Indian market duly registered by CIB, but
quality control is a major issue in most of the
products.
• Extensive research on biopesticides in national
laboratories and SAUs have clearly
demonstrated the efficacy of biopesticides for
management of pests and diseases

6. TYPES OF BIO-PESTICIDES
1. Biochemical pesticides( like neem, begunia and
pheromones)
2. Biocontrol agents
(predators,parasites,microbials like
bacteria,fungi,viruses)
3. Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) have
genetic material from other species
incorporated into their genetic material

7. MICROBIAL BIO-PESTICIDES
• Bacteria—Bt product BTK –1kg/ha against
lepidopterous insects
• Entomopathogemic viruses-
a) Inclusion/ occluded viruses (IV)
1. Polyhedral viruses eg.NPV
2. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV)
3. Granulosis virus(GV)
a) Non inclusion viruses (NIV)

8. BIOPESTICIDES SHOULD HAVE
PATHOGEN OF
SUITABLE STRAIN
SHOULD BE
VIRULENT
SHOULD BE
PERSISTANT
(LONGER SHELF
LIFE)

9. Biopesticides trade names
Bacillus thuringiensis
(liquid and WP
Formulations)
Dipel, delfin, halt
Spicturin, biolep
Biobit
Verticillium lacanii Vertilec
Beauveria bassiana Larvocel, boverin
Hirsutella thompsoni Mycar
Metarrhizium anisopliae Biomax
NPV Elcar

10. BIO-PESTICIDES REGISTRATION
• Government of India has included as many as 45
bio pesticides in schedule to insecticide act,1968
• 18 pesticides have already been registered by
registration committee constituted u/s 5 of
insecticide act,1968
• However all producers whether government or
private organisations are required to have
registration of their products under provisions of
insecticide act,1968

11. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS FOR BIO-
PESTICIDES REGISTRATION

12. A. BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AND CHEMISTRY

14. B. BIOEFFICACY:
Field studies :data from SAU’s/ICAR Institute
certified by Director Research of SAU or Head
of the ICAR Institute
Laboratory studies data on LC50 values for each
target insect species should be generated at a
laboratory under ICAR/ SAU/ CSIR/ICMR.

15. C. TOXICITY:
For mother culture
• Single Dose Oral (rat
and mouse)
• Single dose pulmonary
• Single dose intravenous
• Cell culture
• Human safety records.
For formulation
• Data on mother
culture as in 14 above
• Single Dose Oral (Rat &
Mouse)
• Single dose pulmonary
• Primary skin irritation
• Primary eye irritation
• Human safety records

16. LABELS AND LEAFLETS
As per Insecticides Rules, 1971 indicating
the common name, composition, antidote,
storage, statements etc

17. GUIDELINES
1. Applicants are required to submit an undertaking that strain is
indigenous, naturally occurring, not exotic in origin, and not
genetically modified as per Annexure 1.1.
2. Additional three months data for up to one year shelf-life
claim and additional six months data for more than one year
claim at two different agro climatic locations at ambient
temperature along with meteorological data should be
submitted.
3. Considering the fact that many small entrepreneurs are
engaged in the business of cultivation of NPV/GV, the
following mentioned simplification has been suggested.

18. 3.1 If same mother culture is used for making
formulation by different entrepreneurs then the
information submitted once on mother culture will
be sufficient. All entrepreneurs need not to submit
data.
3.2 If same mother culture, same method and
same adjutants, stabilizers etc. are used for
making formulation, then data once submitted
will be sufficient for subsequent registrants.
4. The packaging material should also be ensured
free from contamination from handling, storage
and transportation.

19. Annexure-1.1
UNDERTAKING BY MANUFACTURERS OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES
I,-------------------------------------,aged-------years, s/o-------------------------------------------, R/o-------------------------------------
----------and-----------------------------------------of M/s.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Registered Office at----------------------------------------------------------do hereby undertake as follows:
That the product----------------------------------------------------based on--------------------, Strain-----------------------------,
manufactured by M/s.--------------------------------and /or imported by M/s……………………………………..does not
contains any genetically modified organism (GMO) .
That I/We shall abide by the provisions contained in the International Plant Protection Convention with regard to
the import of this product.
That I/We shall abide by the provisions in context of International Standards for Phyto-sanitary Measures-Code of
Conduct for the import and release of exotic biological control agents of the International Plant Protection
Convention (IPPC), FAO, Rome.
That I/We shall provide the samples of our---------------------------------product as and when desired by the competent
authorities of Government of India for verification.
That I/We further undertake that in the event of the above product having proved otherwise by any competent
authority and resulting in environmental damage, I/We shall inform the Central Insecticides Board and
Registration Committee, the relevant authorities for Manufacturing Licensing, Pollution Control and of
appropriate District/State/National Level and shall comply with the directions/decisions from them.
That my/our above undertaking is true, and no portion is false and I have concealed nothing relevant to the above
matter.
Signature:
Date_________ Name---------------------------
Designation--------------------
Place:---------------- Seal of the Company--------

20. Biopesticides Registered under section 9(3) of the
Insecticides Act, 1968 for use in the country (as on
15/10/2013). S. No. Name of the biopesticide
1. Azadirachtin (Neem
Products)
2. Ampelomyces quisqualis
3. Bacillus sphaericus
4. Bacillus thuringiensis var.
israelIensis
5. Bacillus thuringiensis var.
kurstaki
6. Bacillus thuringiensis var.
galleriae
7. Metarhizium anisopliae
8. Nuclear polyhyderosis virus
of Helicoverpa armigera
9. Nuclear polyhyderosis virus
of Spodoptera litura
10. Pseudomonas fluorescens
11. Pyrethrins (pyrethrum)
12. Trichoderma harzianum
13. Trichoderma viride
14. Verticillium lecanii

21. Major target pests of microbial pesticides
used in india (Rabindra, 2005).

24. STEPS FOR SUCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT
AND USE OF BIO-PESTICIDES
1) An organisational body need to be established
2) Bio-control agents repository established at ICAR and all other
SAU’s need to be further strenthened.
3) Bio pesticides should be included in packages of practices,IPM
programmes of SAU’s, ICAR institutes.
4) Tax policies should be liberal for youth and tax concession should
be offered to encourage entrepreneurs.
5) Rules of registration of bio pesticides should be simple and less
rigid than those of chemical pesticides.
6) Loaning policy should be liberal for un-employed agricultural
graduates
7) Government should provide subsidies/ exemptions or reduction of
sales tax for survival and establishment of bio-pesticides indudtry
8) Formulation of biopesticides should be done properly and effective
delivery systems should be created for availibilty of bio-pesticides
at door step of farmers.

25. SAFETY TESTING
Safety testing of biopesticides to be done to secure
 Non-target Vertebrates
Mammalsa
Birds(two species)b
Fresh water fishc
 Non-target invertebrates
Terrestrial Invertebratesd
Soil invertebratese

26. HAZARDS MAY INCLUDE
INFECTION TO LIVING
ORGANISMS
INCORPORATION OF
VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID
INTO GENOME OF
NON-TARGET
ORGANISMS
CANCER
ALLERGY
POISONING

27. • Routes for hazards may be:
1. Oral
2. Respiratory
3. By wounds
4. Dermal

28. THREE TIER SAFETY TESTING
The first tier is designed to expose animals to
very severe acute tests with the microbial agents
such that the agents can be considered safe if all
results are negative.
 Any positive result leads to either rejection of
agent or to qualification of the effect in the
second tier test.
These results in turn lead either to hazard
analysis resulting in a decision that the agent is
safe without limitation to label restriction, to long
term tests on third tier.

29. • Tier 1st test includes acute oral, inhalation,
intra-peritonial, dermal and ocular application
plus allergenicity tests and mutagenicity
screens.
• Tests in Tier 2nd quantify the effects and
include expended mutagenicity tests.
• The 3rd tier comprises teratogenicity and long
term tests.

30. MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF BIO
PESTICIDES
 Bio-pesticides are preferred over chemical pesticides
for the following reasons:
• no harmful residues;
• target specific and safe to beneficial organisms like
pollinators, predetors, parasites etc.;
• growth of natural enemies of pests is not affected, thus
reducing the pesticide application;
• environmental friendly;
• cost effective;
• important component of IPM as 1st line and 2nd line of
defence, chemicals being the last resort.

31. CONSTRAINS
• KVK’s and private organisation involved in
research related to bio- pesticide
development but not reached on the door
step of farmers due to:
1. Lack of promotional strategies
2. Lack of access
3. Lack of awareness
4. Lack of willingness of extension workers

32. • Improper and inappropriate quality of bio-
pesticides and their delivery system
• Lack of technical know-how and trained
personal for production and use
• Improper toxicology and regulatory matters
• Lack of required subsidies and other support
systems
• Lack of shelf life of most bio-pesticides is the
most important constrain

33. REFRENCES
• http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-
registration/biopesticide-registration
• https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#q=nee
d+for+biopesticides+registered
• www.cibrc.nic.in
• https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#q=typ
es+of+biopesticides+in+india
• The journal on rural development,
KURUKSHETRA magazine