12. It flourished as a tool for academic collaboration, allowing researchers across the globe to share
13. The first generation of websites often looked more like brochures, consisting mostly of fixed HTML pages.
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15. Server-Side Programming In the earlier days of the web, server-side scripting was almost exclusively performed by using a combination of C programs, Perl scripts and shell scripts using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). These and other on-line scripting languages such as ASP and PHP can often be executed directly by the web server
29. ASP vs. ASP.NET Microsoft's previous server side scripting technology ASP (Active Server Pages) ASP.NET is the next generation ASP, but it's not an upgraded version of ASP. ASP.NET is an entirely new technology for server-side scripting. It was written from the ground up and is not backward compatible with classic ASP.
30. What is ASP.NET ASP.NET is an engine or a program (aspnet_isapi.dll) embedded in IIS Server and is an integral part of .NET framework. It allows to combine the best of client-side and server-side programming. The best ASP.NET controls can intelligently detect the features of the client browser. You can super-charge ordinary ASP.NET pages with Ajax features, which use even more client-side JavaScript.
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32. When a browser requests an ASP.NET file, IIS passes the request to the ASP.NET engine on the server
33. The ASP.NET engine reads the file, line by line, and executes the scripts in the file
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35. Introduction to the .NET Framework The .NET framework is a software platform that provides: A managed computing platform A secured runtime/execution environment Language Choice An Object-Oriented Programming environment A collection of built-in class library and functions Integrated Development Environment Visual Studio
36. .NET Framework consists of: The .NET languages: The Common Language Runtime (CLR): The .NET Framework class library: ASP.NET Engine Visual Studio:
40. JscriptIntermediate Language (IL) All the .NET languages are compiled into a lower-level language called the Common Intermediate Language (CIL, or just IL). Because all .NET languages are designed based on IL, they all have profound similarities. In fact, the languages are so compatible that a web page written with C# can use a VB component in the same way it uses a C# component, and vice versa.
41. The .NET Framework formalizes this compatibility with something called the Common Language Specification (CLS). Essentially, the CLS is a contract that, if respected, guarantees that a component written in one .NET language can be used in all the others. One part of the CLS is the Common Type System (CTS), which defines the rules for data types such as strings, numbers, and arrays that are shared in all .NET languages. The CLS also defines object-oriented ingredients such as classes, methods, events, and quite a bit more. For the most part, .NET developers don’t need to think about how the CLS works, even though they rely on it every day.
42. .Common Language Runtime The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the run time environment that provides the underlying infrastructure for the .NET Framework. It is where the source code of an application is compiled into an intermediate language. CLR translates the IL into the native code of the operating system using a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Not only does the CLR execute code, but it also provides a whole set of related services such as code verification, optimization, and object management.
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45. Any .NET language can use the .NET class library’s features by interacting with the right objects.
51. Summary This chapter presented a high-level overview that gave you your first taste of ASP.NET and the .NET Framework. You also looked at how web development has evolved, from the basic HTML forms standard to the modern ASP.NET platform. In the next chapter, you’ll get a comprehensive overview of the C# language.
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