This document summarizes the 4 main types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue. It describes 9 types of epithelial tissue, including their structures and locations. It also discusses the 5 main types of connective tissue and their functions. The document outlines the 3 types of muscle tissue and 4 connective tissue membranes. Finally, it briefly introduces the cells and roles of nerve tissue.
5. Epithelial Tissue
- covers all body surfaces, inside & out
- always connected to a non-living material
called the basement membrane
- easily reproduced
- heal rapidly
6. 1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
- single layer of thin flat cells
- easily allows for diffusion
- found in air sacs in the lungs, walls of
blood capillaries, & inside wall of blood
vessels
7. 2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- single layer of cubed-shaped cells
- covers ovaries, lines kidney tubes & glands
- involved in secretion & absorption in
the kidney and glands
8. 3. Simple Columnar Epithelium
- single layer of elongated cells
- lining of the uterus & organs of the
digestive tract
- have microvilli to increase the absorption
of nutrients
- contain goblet cells - secretes mucus
9. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
- single layer of cells that looks like many
layers
- nuclei are not lined up in a row
- usually has cilia and goblet cells
- lines tubes of respiratory system and
reproductive system
- moves mucus or egg cells
10. 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- many layers of thin, flat cells
- cell reproduction occurs
in deep layers & pushes
up older cells
- found in the skin
- as skin cells age, they
produce keratin
- found in the mouth, throat,
& anal canal
11. 6. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
- consists of 2 or 3 layers of cubed-
shaped cells
- lines the larger ducts of the mammary
glands, sweat glands, and salivary
glands
12. 7. Stratified columnar
- consists of several layers of columnar
cells
- located in male urethra, vas deferens,
and pharynx
13. 8. Transitional Epithelium
- has many layers that can change in thick-
ness in response to tension
- found in the lining of the bladder and
urinary system
- prevents diffusion of urine
14. 9. Glandular Epithelium
- produces and secretes substances
- exocrine glands - releases substances into
small tubes called ducts
- endocrine glands - releases substances into
the bloodstream
15. Connective Tissue
- most common type
- cells are farther apart and have an
abundance of extracellular matrix
- this matrix can be protein fibers, fluids, or
other molecules
16. Connective Tissue Fibers
- produced by fibroblasts
a) collagenous fibers
- made of collagen
- holds structures together - strong
- ex. tendons
- referred to as the white fibers
b) elastic fibers
- made of elastin
- ex. vocal cords
- referred to as the yellow fibers
17. 1. Loose Connective Tissue
- connective fibers are far apart
- forms a thin membrane between organs
- found beneath the skin and between
muscles
18. 2. Fibrous Connective Tissue
- densely packed connective fibers
- ligaments connects bone to bone
- tendons connects muscle to bone
19. 3. Adipose Tissue
- fat tissue
- fat stored in adipocytes
- 18% in men
- 28% in women
Functions
- act as an insulator
- reserve energy supply
20. 4. Cartilage
- functions for support
- chondrocyte - cartilage cells
- the perichondrium surrounds the cells
3 Types
a) hyaline cartilage
- found at the ends of
bones at joints
- nose
- supporting rings of trachea
- development of bones
21. b) elastic cartilage
- contains elastic
fibers in matrix
- found in the ears
and parts of the
larynx
c) fibrocartilage
- acts as a shock
absorber
- found in the knee,
disks of the backbone, & pelvic girdle
22. 5. Bone
- most rigid tissue
- provides internal support
- the bone cells, osteocytes, are arranged in
circles called osteons
23. 6. Blood
- a liquid tissue
- made up of red blood cells (RBC),
white blood cells (WBC), and
platelets
24. Types of Membranes
- there are 3 epithelial membranes and 1
connective membrane
1. Serous Membrane
- lines body cavities that lack outside
openinings
- covers organs within cavities
- produces a fluid called serous fluid
25. 2. Mucous membranes
- lines body cavities with an opening to
the outside
- nasal, urinary, and reproductive tracts
- goblet cells produce a fluid called mucus
3. Cutaneous membranes
- the skin
- produces a fluid called sebum
28. 1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- also called striated or voluntary muscle
- contains many nuclei
- are attached to bone
29. 2. Smooth Muscle Tissue
- lacks striations
- also called involuntary
- only one nucleus per cell
- found in the walls of hollow internal organs
such as the stomach, intestines, bladder,
and blood vessels
30. 3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- found only in the heart
- only 1 nucleus per cell
- some striations
- contain intercalated disks which connects
2 cardiac cells
31. Nerve Tissue
- consists of the brain, spinal cord, and
nerves
2 Types of Cells
a) Neuroglial cells
- bind & support nerve tissue
- carry on phagocytosis
- connect neurons to blood vessels
32. b) Nerve cells
called neurons
- coordinate and regulate body functions
