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Air Barrier Paper

 Air Barrier Paper- A material that is used
as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier
Attic Ventilation
Soffit Vent- An opening under the
eave of a roof, used to allow air to
flow into the attic or the space below
the roof sheathing.




                                         Gable Vent- A screened, louvered
                                         opening in a gable, used for exhausting
                                         excess heat and humidity from an attic.
Attic Ventilation
Ridge Vent- A long, open
assembly that allows air to
circulate in and out of a gable
roof at the ridge.




                                  Roof Turbine- Another tool used to
                                  allow hot air to escape from attics.
Backhoe &Front End Loader
Backhoe- This piece of equipment is
used to dig holes on jobsites such as
footings , wide trenches etc.
This bucket is 18 inches in width.




                                        Front End Loader- This is used to
                                        scoop and move dirt around the
                                        jobsite unlike a bulldozer that
                                        just pushes dirt around. It
                                        doesn’t dig trenches like a
                                        backhoe does.
Batter Boards


         Batter Board- A temporary frame built
         just outside the corner of an
         excavation to carry marks that lie on
         the surface planes of the basement
         that will be built in the excavation.
         In this picture they are used to square
         a pole barn.
Brick Arches
Flat Arch with Keystone




      Roman Arch




        Flat Arch
Brick Bonds
Running Bond- Brick work consisting
entirely of stretchers.




    Flemish Bond- Brick
    work consisting of
    headers and
    stretchers.
Brick Bonds- Common brick positions
                Soldiers




              Sailor
              Rowlock Stretcher




           Rowlock                Headers
Brick Sizes
Modular Brick- 3 ½” -7 ½” - 2 ¼”




  Queen Size- 3”x 7 5/8” x 2 ¾”
Bulldozer



        Bulldozer- A piece of equipment
        on tracks with a blade in front
        used to push dirt around jobsites
        or clear land.
Cladding




EFIS Clad Structure
                                               Brick Clad Structure
                         Wood Shingle/ Shake
                         Clad Structure
                         Shingle- Sawn
                         Shake-split
                         Wood Shingles are
                         shown above.


  Stone Clad Structure                         Wood Clad Structure
  Random Rubble
Concrete Joints
                               Control Joint- An intentional, linear discontinuity in a
                               structure or component, designed to form a plane of
                               weakness where cracking can occur in response to
                               various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking
                               elsewhere in the structure.




Isolation Joint- A joint in a concrete
structure that allows it to expand and
contract without damaging the structure.
Here a concrete column is isolated from
a concrete slab.
Concrete Masonry Unit
           CMU- A block of hardened concrete, with or
           without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the
           same manner as brick or stone; a concrete
           block.

            One block of CMU equals 3 courses of
            brick which makes incorporating these
            two materials in the construction
            process easy.
             Typical Dimension- 8”x8”x16” nominal
              7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8” actual


       10” x 8” x 16
        8” x 8”x 16
Doors
                            Exterior Flush Door

                          Transom
                          Top Rail
                          Stile
                          Panel
                          Lock Rail
                          Bottom Rail
                          Sidelight


Transom- A small window directly
above a door
Sidelight-A tall, narrow window along
side a door.
Electrical Components
Underground transformer box-
converts high current direct voltage
of several thousand volts to
110/220 alternating current before
it goes to the service head.




                                       Service Head- Routes power from
                                       transformer bow to the power meter
Electrical Components

       Power Meter- Records the amount
       of electricity used.




                                         Duplex Receptacle- (power plug) Point
                                         where appliances can be plugged in. Final
                                         step from service lines to house.




Service Panel- Control center for all
circuits
Framing Elements




           Anchor Bolt #1
Framing Elements


  Sill Plate #2




                  Floor Joist #3
                  This one is a rim floor joist.
Framing Elements
Subflooring #4




                 Sole Plate #5
Framing Elements

           Stud #6




Top Plate #7
Framing Elements

                    Ceiling Joist #8




                       Rafter #9




Roof Decking #10
Framing Elements

Sheathing #11




                     Stringer #12
Front End Loader


         Front End Loader- This is used to scoop
         and move dirt around the jobsite unlike
         a bulldozer that just pushes dirt around.
         It doesn’t dig tranches like a backhoe.
Gypsum Board




Gypsum Board- An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched
between paper faces; also called drywall, or plasterboard.
Heat Pump
                           Air Handling Unit- Return air
                           enters back into the system here,
                           is filtered, and is recirculated
                           with fresh air.
Compressor/condensor- refrigerant is
heated by the outside air. This air is then
blown across a fan and the refigerant
condenses and cools. From here its
blown into the house.




                                                   Disadvantage- Often noisy
                                                   Advantage- Can use this system to
                                                   control humidity.
Insulation
Insulation- Reduces the amount of radiant
heat from the sun that enters a building. On
interior walls it can be used as a noise barrier.



Blanket Insulation with vapor
retarder




                                                    Loose Fill Insulation
Insulation

                           Rigid Board Insulation




Foamed Insulation
Lintel
          Lintel




Lintel- A beam that carries the
load of a brick wall across a
window or door opening.
Mortar
 Bed Joint
 Tooled joint
 Standard Joint 3/8”
 Used on Dudley
 Type M mortar




    Head Joint
    Tooled Joint
    Standard Joint 3/8
    Used on Dudley
    Type M Mortar
Oriented Strand Board

OSB- A nonveneered building
panel composed of long shreds
of wood fiber oriented in
specific directions and bonded
together under pressure.
Plumbing


Lavatory
Drain pipe 1 ½”




                  Water Closet
                  Drain Pipe 3”
Plumbing

               Manufactured Tub




                                Integral bathroom sink



Roof Vent- allows air into the
plumbing system so solids and
liquids can flow through the waste
system.
Plywood
      Plywood- A wood panel
      composed of an odd number of
      layers of wood veneer bonded
      together under pressure.




      Veneer- A thin layer, sheet, or
      facing.
Rebar


#4 rebar- ½” in
diameter
The deformations
create more surface
area for concrete to
bond to the rebar.
Steep Roof Drainage
                             Gutter- A channel that
                             collects rainwater and
                             snowmelt at the eave of a
                             roof.

Downspout- A vertical pipe
for conducting water from
a roof to a lower level.

                                        Splash block- A small
                                        precast block of
                                        concrete or plastic used
                                        to divert water at the
                                        bottom of a
                                        downspout.
Steep Roof Materials
Underlayment- A layer of
waterproof material such as
building felt between roof
sheathing and roofing. This keeps
water from leaking onto the
sheathing and eventually into the
building.




                                    Shingle- A small unit of water resistant
                                    material nailed in overlapping fashion
                                    with many other such units to render a
                                    wall or sloping roof watertight.
Steep Roof Materials


Metal panel roof
Aluminized steel
Steep Roof Shapes

     Gambrel
     Gable




     Mansard
     Hip
Steep Roof Terms
Ridge- The level intersection of
two roof planes in a gable roof.




                                   Valley- A trough formed by the
                                   intersection of two roof slopes.
Steep Roof Terms
Rake- The sloping edge of a steep
roof.


                                    Eave- The horizontal edge at the low
                                    side of a sloping roof.
Steep Roof Terms
Soffit- The undersurface of a
horizontal element of a
building, especially the under
side of a stair or roof overhang.




                                Fascia- The exposed vertical face of an
                                eave.
Stone



Random Rubble
Vapor Retarder

Vapor retarder- A layer of
material intended to obstruct the
passage of water vapor through a
building assembly.
Usually on the warm in winter
side of a wall
Weep Hole

Weep Hole- A small
opening whose purpose
is to permit drainage of
water that accumulates
inside a building
component or assembly.
Allows water to escape
from behind a brick wall.
Windows

Single Hung Window
Here the bottom of the window is
the only part that opens by sliding
up.

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Visual Dictionary-Bevel

  • 1. Air Barrier Paper Air Barrier Paper- A material that is used as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier
  • 2. Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent- An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing. Gable Vent- A screened, louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.
  • 3. Attic Ventilation Ridge Vent- A long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge. Roof Turbine- Another tool used to allow hot air to escape from attics.
  • 4. Backhoe &Front End Loader Backhoe- This piece of equipment is used to dig holes on jobsites such as footings , wide trenches etc. This bucket is 18 inches in width. Front End Loader- This is used to scoop and move dirt around the jobsite unlike a bulldozer that just pushes dirt around. It doesn’t dig trenches like a backhoe does.
  • 5. Batter Boards Batter Board- A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation. In this picture they are used to square a pole barn.
  • 6. Brick Arches Flat Arch with Keystone Roman Arch Flat Arch
  • 7. Brick Bonds Running Bond- Brick work consisting entirely of stretchers. Flemish Bond- Brick work consisting of headers and stretchers.
  • 8. Brick Bonds- Common brick positions Soldiers Sailor Rowlock Stretcher Rowlock Headers
  • 9. Brick Sizes Modular Brick- 3 ½” -7 ½” - 2 ¼” Queen Size- 3”x 7 5/8” x 2 ¾”
  • 10. Bulldozer Bulldozer- A piece of equipment on tracks with a blade in front used to push dirt around jobsites or clear land.
  • 11. Cladding EFIS Clad Structure Brick Clad Structure Wood Shingle/ Shake Clad Structure Shingle- Sawn Shake-split Wood Shingles are shown above. Stone Clad Structure Wood Clad Structure Random Rubble
  • 12. Concrete Joints Control Joint- An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure. Isolation Joint- A joint in a concrete structure that allows it to expand and contract without damaging the structure. Here a concrete column is isolated from a concrete slab.
  • 13. Concrete Masonry Unit CMU- A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone; a concrete block. One block of CMU equals 3 courses of brick which makes incorporating these two materials in the construction process easy. Typical Dimension- 8”x8”x16” nominal 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8” actual 10” x 8” x 16 8” x 8”x 16
  • 14. Doors Exterior Flush Door Transom Top Rail Stile Panel Lock Rail Bottom Rail Sidelight Transom- A small window directly above a door Sidelight-A tall, narrow window along side a door.
  • 15. Electrical Components Underground transformer box- converts high current direct voltage of several thousand volts to 110/220 alternating current before it goes to the service head. Service Head- Routes power from transformer bow to the power meter
  • 16. Electrical Components Power Meter- Records the amount of electricity used. Duplex Receptacle- (power plug) Point where appliances can be plugged in. Final step from service lines to house. Service Panel- Control center for all circuits
  • 17. Framing Elements Anchor Bolt #1
  • 18. Framing Elements Sill Plate #2 Floor Joist #3 This one is a rim floor joist.
  • 20. Framing Elements Stud #6 Top Plate #7
  • 21. Framing Elements Ceiling Joist #8 Rafter #9 Roof Decking #10
  • 23. Front End Loader Front End Loader- This is used to scoop and move dirt around the jobsite unlike a bulldozer that just pushes dirt around. It doesn’t dig tranches like a backhoe.
  • 24. Gypsum Board Gypsum Board- An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall, or plasterboard.
  • 25. Heat Pump Air Handling Unit- Return air enters back into the system here, is filtered, and is recirculated with fresh air. Compressor/condensor- refrigerant is heated by the outside air. This air is then blown across a fan and the refigerant condenses and cools. From here its blown into the house. Disadvantage- Often noisy Advantage- Can use this system to control humidity.
  • 26. Insulation Insulation- Reduces the amount of radiant heat from the sun that enters a building. On interior walls it can be used as a noise barrier. Blanket Insulation with vapor retarder Loose Fill Insulation
  • 27. Insulation Rigid Board Insulation Foamed Insulation
  • 28. Lintel Lintel Lintel- A beam that carries the load of a brick wall across a window or door opening.
  • 29. Mortar Bed Joint Tooled joint Standard Joint 3/8” Used on Dudley Type M mortar Head Joint Tooled Joint Standard Joint 3/8 Used on Dudley Type M Mortar
  • 30. Oriented Strand Board OSB- A nonveneered building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.
  • 31. Plumbing Lavatory Drain pipe 1 ½” Water Closet Drain Pipe 3”
  • 32. Plumbing Manufactured Tub Integral bathroom sink Roof Vent- allows air into the plumbing system so solids and liquids can flow through the waste system.
  • 33. Plywood Plywood- A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure. Veneer- A thin layer, sheet, or facing.
  • 34. Rebar #4 rebar- ½” in diameter The deformations create more surface area for concrete to bond to the rebar.
  • 35. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter- A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof. Downspout- A vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level. Splash block- A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.
  • 36. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment- A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. This keeps water from leaking onto the sheathing and eventually into the building. Shingle- A small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.
  • 37. Steep Roof Materials Metal panel roof Aluminized steel
  • 38. Steep Roof Shapes Gambrel Gable Mansard Hip
  • 39. Steep Roof Terms Ridge- The level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof. Valley- A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.
  • 40. Steep Roof Terms Rake- The sloping edge of a steep roof. Eave- The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.
  • 41. Steep Roof Terms Soffit- The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the under side of a stair or roof overhang. Fascia- The exposed vertical face of an eave.
  • 43. Vapor Retarder Vapor retarder- A layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. Usually on the warm in winter side of a wall
  • 44. Weep Hole Weep Hole- A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly. Allows water to escape from behind a brick wall.
  • 45. Windows Single Hung Window Here the bottom of the window is the only part that opens by sliding up.