1. The specs behind the sex
MOBILE-FRIENDLY LAYOUTS BEYOND THE DESKTOP

2. Zeldman pic by Tony Quartarolo

4. Mobile Web philosophy

13. Three methodologies

14. 1. Special mobile site
2. Do nothing at all
3. Optimise for mobile

15. 1. Special mobile site
2. Do nothing at all
3. Optimise for mobile

16. refactored for small screen,
not dumbed down for mobile

17. offer users choice:
desktop or mobile?

18. beware browser sniffing
photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/timdorr/2096272747/

19. 1. Special mobile site
2. Do nothing at all
3. Optimise for mobile

20. not WAP or text anymore...

21. 1. Special mobile site
2. Do nothing at all
3. Optimise for mobile

23. CSS 2 Media Types

24. Media types
all braille
embossed handheld
print projection
screen speech
tty tv

25. CSS 3 Media Queries
“...the new hotness” Jeffrey Zeldman
http://www.zeldman.com/2010/04/08/best-aea-yet/

26. CSS 3 Media Queries
● builds on CSS 2.1 Media Types concept
● more granular control (not just screen, print...)
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/

27. Media features
width color
height color-index
device-width monochrome
device-height resolution
orientation scan
aspect-ratio grid
device-aspect-ratio

28. CSS 3 Media Queries
<link rel="stylesheet" ...
media="screen and (max-width:480px)" href="...">
@import url("...") screen and (max-width:480px);
@media screen and (max-width:480px) {
// insert CSS rules here
}

29. Multiple expressions – and keyword
@media screen and (min-width:180px) and (max-
width:480px) {
// screen device and width > 180px
// and width < 480px
}

30. Multiple expressions – comma separated
@media screen and (min-width:800px),
print and (min-width:20em) {
// screen device with width > 800px
// or print device with width > 20em
}

31. Negative expressions – not keyword
@media not screen and (min-width:800px) {
// not applied to screen device
// with width > 800px
}

32. Exclusive expressions – only keyword
@media only screen and (min-width:800px) {
// only applied to screen device
// with width > 800px
}

33. Multiple media queries
/* “The absence of a media query is the first
media query” Bryan Rieger */
@media screen and (max-width:480px) {
// screen device and width < 480px
}
@media screen and (max-width:980px) {
// screen device and width < 980px
}
@media screen and (min-width:980px) {
// screen device and width > 980px
}

34. http://mediaqueri.es

35. http://mediaqueri.es

36. http://mediaqueri.es

37. http://mediaqueri.es

38. www.themaninblue.com/writing/perspective/2004/09/21

39. unsolved mysteries…

40. mobile devices lie

41. viewport meta
suggests an initial layout viewport
and zoom

42. physical vs virtual pixels

45. viewport meta
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=320, initial-
scale=2.3,user-scalable=no">
http://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html

48. <meta name="viewport" content="width=550">

49. If you're using Media Queries:
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width">
If you have an explicit width:
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=550">

50. Viewport properties
width initial-scale
height minimum-scale
user-scalable maximum-scale

51. high-dpi devices lie twice

52. <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width,
target-densitydpi=device-dpi">

53. CSS Device Adaptation
@viewport {
width: 320px;
zoom: 2.3;
user-zoom: fixed;
}
www.w3.org/TR/css-device-adapt
only works in Opera Mobile 11+ at the moment, with -o- prefix
dev.opera.com/articles/view/an-introduction-to-meta-viewport-and-viewport

54. Viewport properties
width / min-width / max-width user-zoom
height / min-height / max-height orientation
zoom / min-zoom / max-zoom resolution

55. <meta name="viewport" content="width=550">
@-o-viewport {
width: 550px;
}

56. <meta name="viewport"
content="width=550,maximum-scale=1.0,
target-densitydpi=device-dpi">
@-o-viewport {
width: 550px;
max-zoom: 1;
resolution: device;
}

57. /* selective viewport via CSS */
@media … {
@-o-viewport {
… /* for propellerheads */
}
}

58. <meta name="viewport" content="width=550,maximum-
scale=1.0,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">
@media screen {
@-o-viewport {
/* undo meta viewport settings */
width: auto; max-zoom: auto;
}
}
@media screen and (max-device-width: 550px) {
@-o-viewport {
/* 550px viewport on small screen devices */
width: 550px;
}
}

62. <meta name="viewport" content="width=550,maximum-
scale=1.0,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">
@media screen {
@-o-viewport {
/* undo meta viewport settings */
width: auto; max-zoom: auto;
}
}
@media screen and (max-device-width: 550px) {
@-o-viewport {
/* 550px viewport on small screen devices */
width: 550px;
}
}

63. @-o-viewport {
/* minimum of 550px viewport width */
width: 550px auto; max-zoom: auto;
}

64. The future

65. matchMedia
if (window.matchMedia("(min-width: 400px)").matches) {
/* the view port is at least 400 pixels wide */
} else {
/* the view port is less than 400 pixels wide */
}
For IE9+ and Opera, polyfill
github.com/paulirish/matchMedia.js/

67. lowsrc
<img src=hires.jpg lowsrc=lores.jpg alt="blah">
Both images are download; never in spec

68. Apple way
<img src=lores.jpg data-src=hires.jpg alt="blah">
Both images are download; requires JS for hires image

69. adaptive-images.com
Add .htaccess and adaptive-images.php to your document-
root folder.
Add one line of JavaScript into the <head> of your site.
Add your CSS Media Query values into $resolutions in the
PHP file.

70. Super WebKit-tastic CSS
selector {background: image-set (url(foo-lowres.png) 1x,
url(foo-highres.png) 2x) center;}
selector {background: image-set
(url(foo-lowres.png) 1x low-bandwidth,
url(foo-highres.png) 2x high-bandwidth);}
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Feb/1103.html

71. .. extrapolate to HTML?
<img src=foo-lowres.png
set="foo-lowres.png 1x,
foo-highres.png 2x" alt="blah">
"I'll post something to the whatwg thread referencing this
proposal."

72. video and Responsive Web Design
<video>
<source … media="(min-width:1000px)">
<source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
</video>

73. Adaptive Image Element
<picture>
<source … media="(min-width:1000px)">
<source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
</picture>
www.brucelawson.co.uk/2011/notes-on-adaptive-images-yet-again/
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/

74. <picture alt=… >
<source … media="(min-width:1000px)">
<source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
<img src=… alt=…>
</picture>

75. “not a magic bullet...”

76. Good or evil?
Florian Rivoal

77. Note to people who weren't at the talk: following slides are
strawman ideas for the next iteration of Media Queries (CSS
4) and are almost certainly to be completely different if they
ever make it into the specification. (CSS 3 MQs became a
"Proposed Recommendation", eg a "Standard" week of 23
April 2012, so very early days!)

78. @media screen and (script) {...}
@media screen and not (script) {…}
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Jan/0034.html

79. @media (paged) and (interactive:0) {
// I am like a printer
}
@media (paged) and (interactive) {
// I'm a projector, or like a Kindle
}
@media (paged) and (interactive) and (touch)
{
// I'm like a touch-screen Kindle
}

80. @media (touch) and (max-width: 480) {
// looks like an smart phone
}
@media (touch) and (keyboard) and
(min-width:600) {
// looks like a touch-screen laptop
}

81. @media (remote) {
// TV or set-top box?
}
@media (remote) and (hover) {
// Wii?
}

83. @media (network: v-slow) {..}
Florian: "It has been proposed. Most people agree that it
would be cool, nobody has a clue about how to spec it in a
way that is useful and implementable. If you find people
with a clue, encourage them to submit proposals to me or
to www-style@w3.org. Use [css4-mediaqueries] in the
subject line, and read lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-
style/2012Mar/0691.html first."

84. “embrace the fluidity,
don't fight it”

85. http://futurefriend.ly

86. brucel@opera.com
opera.com/developer
www.brucelawson.co.uk
@brucel