1. URBAN PLANNING
Arch. Maribel C. Tubera, MSCM
UAPSA-Lecture series
February 2013

2. “THE SKYLINE RISES IN THE EAST”
Rem Koolhaas

6. Singapore, Shanghai &
Hong Kong… instead of New York,
London and Paris

7. SINGAPORE
SHANGHAI
HONG KONG

8. NEW YORK
LONDON
PARIS

9. 2 UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF
GLOBALIZATION
1.Global capitalism
2.Post-colonialism

10. PROBLEMS WITH MODERN LIFE
AND NATURAL INTERESTS
a. City infrastructure
b. Investments
c. Sustainable standards
d. Political life
e. Aesthetic value

11. URBAN PLANNING INVOLVES:
• Architects
• Economists
• Engineers
• Social scientists

12. Metropolis are viewed not as fixed
locality but nexus of situated and
transnational ideas.

13. 3 styles of being global
1. Modeling
2. Inter-referencing
3. Association

14. MODELING
• Actual urban projects that have been dubbed
“garden”, “sustainable”, “liveable” or “world-
class” that planners hope to reproduce
elsewhere.
• This cannot be a process of cloning.

15. Led the way in solving urban
problems
1. Public housing
2. Downtown development
3. Clean industries
4. Upscale districts
5. Cultural & tourist attractions
Transformed
them into
world-class
cities

16. ASIAN CITIES “MODELS”
• “GARDEN CITY”
• SUBSIDIZED HOUSING
• INDUSTRIAL ESTATES
• UPSCALE RESIDENTIAL ENCLAVES
• WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

17. HONG KONG
sees itself as
“ASIA’S WORLD CITY”

18. HONG KONG

19. DUBAI
had become a
“DREAM CITY” for millions of
citizens in Asia , Africa & Middle
East and beyond

20. DUBAI

21. ARABO-MODERNIST FAÇADE
DUBAI projects a vision of
metropolitan modernity for
Elite South Asian Migrants.

22. SINGAPORE
present itself as the knowledge
of a far-flung “effervescent”
“BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM”

23. SINGAPORE

24. SECRET OF SINGAPORE’S
SUCCESS
“LUCK” followed by “PERSONAL
DRIVE” and “SINCERITY OF
PURPOSE”.
Lee Kuan Yew

25. Lee Kuan Yew noted that
“it was easier to improve the
physical infrastructure than the
rough and ready ways of the
people”.

26. “GARDEN CITY”
this slogan was credited to
Lee Kuan Yew

28. “GARDEN CITY”
to
“CITY-IN-A-GARDEN”
changed by Urban
Redevelopment Authority in
2000

29. “GARDEN CITY”
•Greening inspired cities in Asia and beyond
to develop their own “garden city” plans.
•Greenness humanizes the city, at ground
level the canopies of leaves reduce the
height of the city visually.
•It softens the harshness of the high-rise city,
an avoidable consequence of land scarcity.

30. Ebenezer Howard’s 1898 Garden
City Vision
1. Prioritization of green space
2. The removal of industry
3. Building communities

31. Prioritization of green space
• Permanent agricultural
greenbelt around the city
• As parks within the city

32. The removal of industry
• No more large & middle-sized
factories built in the central area.
• Removal of factories from the city
center. “the sustainable
development strategy”.
• Opening up the seashore for
recreational uses and increasing the
per capita green space.

33. Building communities, shaping
subjectivity
• Concerned with people’s
behaviour and self-government
• Community buildings
• Population management

34. DALIAN CITY, CHINA
was advertised as
“HONG KONG OF THE NORTH”
(Yahuda, 1994)

35. DALIAN CITY, CHINA

36. DALIAN CITY
greening experience
•Fostering of civilized and quality
citizens;
•Technological sophistication;
•Being green is directly associated
with being modern and civilized.

37. COMMUNITY BUILDING FOSTERS
“QUALITY” CITIZENS WHO WILL
BEHAVE RESPONSIBLY.

38. HOW TO EDUCATE AND PERSUADE
PEOPLE TO ACT SUSTAINABLY FOR
THE LONG TERM

39. MANILA
modeled as a
“LITTLE SINGAPORE”

40. MAKATI CBD

41. MANILA
•“PLANNING PRIVATOPOLIS” is the
material and social aspects of
Manila.
• Emphasizes self-contained zones
with requisite elements of “urban
efficiencies” to attract new
investments.

42. PLANNING PRIVATOPOLIS
UIMs (Urban Integrated Megaprojects)
-privatization of urban and regional
planning.
-cities or urban district-scale integrated
development project built on for profit-
basis by a single developer.

43. MAKATI CENTRAL BUSINESS
DISTRICT
• Dominate Metro Manila’s global business
functions.
• Wholly owned by Ayala Land, a private
developer which master planned it as an
elite residential enclave and commercial
and office center since late 1940’s.

44. UIMs (Urban Integrated
Megaprojects)
-a defining feature of Metro Manila’s Urban
Landscape
- This trend has been facilitated by
weakness of both civil and political society

45. “BOOTY CAPITALISM”
The American colonial regime fostered the
development of an electoral democracy,
but deliberately maintained an elite
political control.
This result to a system of “booty
capitalism” in which powerful business
class extracts privilege from largely
incoherent bureaucracy (Hutchcroft 1998).

46. 2 Channels of UIMs
1. Through the acquisition by private
corporations of large tracts of formerly
hacienda land. (Magno-Ballesteros
2000)
2. Through the government sale of state
land.

47. Through the acquisition...
• Beginning the development of Ayala family after
WWII of its Hacienda de Makati landholding.
• Subsequently acquired agricultural and food
processing estates in South Metro Manila, Ayala
Alabang UIM.
• Plus the adjoining province of Laguna, Laguna
Technopark, Ayala West Grove and Ayala South.

48. Through the govt. sale...
• Made possible by BCDA (Bases Conversion
Development Authority)
• The most significant project is the Bonifacio
Global City
• From Pan-Asian consortium then subsequently
bought out by Ayala Land Inc. and being
developed as extension of MCBD.

49. What has resulted is a much more
fragmented urban landscape,
characterized by the polarization of
urban space between the
congested space of the “public
city”, and highly regulated, carefully
designed spaces of the elite
consumerism and global business.

50. It highlighted the tensions inherent
in the persistent socio-economic
and political disparities that
characterize the Philippine society.

51. END
For my references, I will try to retrieve the
books I’ve read about urban planning and
design. My apologies to the author of said
books, and also to the owner of pictures posted
on Google images, please allow me to use these
pictures for my presentation. Thank you!