Tourism is the activity of persons traveling to and staying in places out side their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure , business, or any other purpose”. / WTO and approved by UN in 1993/ Traveler- any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities within his/ her countries. Visitor- in 1963 the United Nations sponsored a conference on travel and tourism in Rome. The conference recommended definitions of visitor and tourist for use in international statistics. For statistical purposes, the term visitor is defined as follows: Visitor- a person who travels to a country other than that in which he has his usual residence but outside to the usual environment for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited

1. Bahir Dar University
College of Business and Economics
Department of Tourism Management
Introduction to Travel and Tourism
By;
Endalamaw K(PhD Student)
2021
By Endalamaw Kindie

2. Chapter One
Concepts of Travel and Tourism
By Endalamaw Kindie

3. Leisure
It is the time remaining after work, sleep & essential
house hold or personal tasks have been completed.
 It is most often regarded as the measure of time.
It is the time available for doing as one chooses or
‘discretionary time.
For most People, leisure time includes evenings,
weekends and vacations.
By Endalamaw Kindie

4. Why do you
think most
people need
leisure time?
By Endalamaw Kindie

5. People need leisure
time in order to add
pleasure to their lives
and to refresh their
minds and bodies.
By Endalamaw Kindie

6. Growth of leisure
o The increase in the amount of leisure time available is due
to a number of factors:-
1.Working hours have been reduced.
2. Provision of holiday with pay.
3.Life expectancy has increased.
4.Technological developments like washing machines,
dishwashers, computers, telephone, internet and
automobiles are widely used.
By Endalamaw Kindie

7. Recreation: It is the wide variety of activity undertaken
during leisure time.
Recreation activities may be participatory or non participatory
 Participatory recreational activities includes: like playing sports,
sightseeing, hobbies & pastimes and non participatory
recreational activities includes (like watching sports, listening to
radio, watching TV, home entertainment and public
entertainment) By Endalamaw Kindie

8. Travel
• Travel comprises all journeys from one place to another.
• It includes all journeys made by people who enter a country
for leisure, to work, reside, study or who just pass through a
country without stopping
• Travel forms the link between place of residence and the
destination. Tourism is about being somewhere. This
implies that without transport there would be no tourism. A
tourist must travel away from his normal home and
workplace. A B
By Endalamaw Kindie

9. Why do you
think people
travel in to
different
area ?
By Endalamaw Kindie

10. Reason for Travel
• The followings are some of the reason, why people
travel in to deferent destinations.
1. Holidays
2.businesses
3.visiting friends and relatives
4.religion
5.studies
6.sports
7.health
8.Meetings, incentives, conferences and
exhibitions(MICE)
By Endalamaw Kindie

11. 2 2 .Business
By Endalamaw Kindie

12. 3.Visiting Friends and Relatives(VFR)
By Endalamaw Kindie

13. 4.Health
By Endalamaw Kindie

14. 5.Religion
By Endalamaw Kindie

15. 6.Studies
By Endalamaw Kindie

16. 7. Sports
By Endalamaw Kindie

17. 8.Meetings,Incentives,Conferances and Exhibitions
(MICE)
By Endalamaw Kindie

18. By Endalamaw Kindie

19. Definitions of Tourism
All travel is not tourism.
“Tourism: It is the activities of persons travelling to
and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business and other purposes not related
to the exercise of an activity remunerated from
within the place visited.”(World Tourism
Organization/WTO) By Endalamaw Kindie

20. From the above definitions, one may deduce the following
nature of tourism or features of tourism;
1.Involvement of travel by non residents
 Displacement outside the usual environment either
domestic or international travel.
2.The nature of Stay is temporary, in the area visited
 Maximum stay is 12 Month (one year)
 Minimum stay is 24 hour( over night stay)
3.Stay not connected with any remunerated activity or
an activity involving earnings.
By Endalamaw Kindie

21. Tourism means the temporary or short‐term movement of
people to destinations outside the places where they
normally live and work, as well as their activities during
their stay at these destinations (Mathieson and Wall,1982).
 Migration vs. Tourism?
(All tourism should have some travel, but not all travel is
tourism.)
By Endalamaw Kindie

22. “The sum of the phenomena and relationships
arising from the interaction of tourists, business
suppliers, host governments and host communities
in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists
and other visitors.” (Macintosh and Goeldner,1986)
By Endalamaw Kindie

23. 1.What is a tourist?
2.What is visitor?
3.What is traveler?
4.What are the difference between
tourist, visitors and travelers?
By Endalamaw Kindie

24. Traveler, Visitor and Tourist
Traveler: Any person who is taking a trip within or
outside his/her own country of residence
irrespective of the purpose of travel, means
of transport used, even though he/she may
be travelling on foot
By Endalamaw Kindie

25. Visitor: a person who travels to other country or region
than in which he has usual residence. but outside
to the usual environment for a period not
exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of
visit is other than the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited
By Endalamaw Kindie

26.  Visitors are classified in to four categories :
A. International Visitor
B . Domestic Visitor
C. Overnight visitor (Tourist)
D. Some day visitor(Excursionist)
Excursionist: is a person who temporarily visits a destination
and stays for less than 24 hours, for the purpose
of leisure or business etc.
 Visitors who come and leave the same day
By Endalamaw Kindie

27. Example:
• Arbaminch resident takes a short trip to konso with
out staying overnight
By Endalamaw Kindie

28. International visitor: is any one who visits a country that is
not his usual place of residence.
• It includes (overnight visitor) tourist and (excursionist) or
same day visitor .
Example:
 The people on holiday, visiting friends and
relatives(VFR), business trip, conference, pilgrimage,
educational fall under this definition.
By Endalamaw Kindie

29. • The only people who do not come in this preview are people
who get some salary or payments in the visited area.
 Commuters.
 Immigrants.
 Refuges.
 Military men.
 Diplomats.
Why?
By Endalamaw Kindie

30. Domestic visitor :any person regardless of nationality resident
in a country and who travels to a place in
the same country for not more than one
year and whose purpose of visit is other
than following an occupation remunerated
from within the place visited(UNWTO)
By Endalamaw Kindie

31. Tourist: is a person who travels to destinations outside his/her
residence and working place, and stays for at least 24
hours, for the purpose of leisure or business.
Tourists are classified in to two
A. International tourist
B. Domestic tourists
By Endalamaw Kindie

32. International Tourists: any person who visits another country
and stays at least one night in a collective or private a
accommodation in the country visited.
International tourist further classified in to two.
Inbound tourists: non-residents travelling to a given country, e.g.
USA tourists travelling to Ethiopia
Outbound tourists: residents travelling to another country, e.g.
Ethiopia tourists that travelling to Kenya.
Domestic Tourists: any person who stays at least one night in a
collective or private accommodation in the place visited within
his/her own country.
By Endalamaw Kindie

33. Forms of Tourism
• Basically, there are three forms of tourism. The following
forms of tourism can be distinguished:
1.Domestic Tourism: It involves residents of Ethiopia traveling
only within their country. E.g. from Gondar to BahirDar,
or from Addis Ababa to Axum.
2.Inbound Tourism: It involves non residents (e.g. Indians,
Italians, Germans, British) traveling in Ethiopia.
3.Outbound tourism: It involves Ethiopians (residents)
traveling in another country. E.g. Ethiopians travelling in
Japan By Endalamaw Kindie

34.  These three forms of tourism are combined in many ways
and derive the categories of tourism.
The three principal categories of tourism are:
1. International Tourism: It consists of inbound tourism
and outbound tourism in Ethiopia.
2. National Tourism: it consists of domestic tourism and
outbound tourism in Ethiopia.
3. Internal Tourism: It comprises of domestic and inbound
tourism in Ethiopia.
By Endalamaw Kindie

35. Internal tourism: It comprises of domestic and inbound tourism in Ethiopia.
INTERNAL NATIONAL TOURISM
TOURISM
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM Fig. 1 forms and categories o
tourism
DT
IT OT
By Endalamaw Kindie

36. Tourism System
The Tourism system: is an organizing framework of tourism
industry dealing with the linkage of tourism components.
• The system is suggested by Leiper in 1979 and updated in 1990
1.Tourists
2.Geographical Elements
‾ Traveller generating region
‾ Transit region
‾ Tourist destination region
3.The Tourism Industry
By Endalamaw Kindie

37. 2. Geographical elements:
Leiper outlines 3 geographical elements in his model.
a. Traveler generating region
b. Tourist destination region
c. Transit route
A.Traveler generating region: it represents the generating
market for tourism, and in a sense provides the ‘push’ to
stimulate and motivate travel. It is here that the tourist
searches for information, makes the booking, and makes the
departure.
By Endalamaw Kindie

38. B.Tourist destination region: It represent a tourist receiving
countries or region or local area.
• in many aspects, the tourist destination region represents the
‘sharp end’ of tourism. At the destination the full impact of
tourism felt and planning and management strategies are
implemented. ‘The pull to visit’ destinations energizes the
whole tourism system and creates demand for travel in the
generating region.
By Endalamaw Kindie

39. C.The transit route region: it represents the intermediate
places, or The route travelled between respective destinations.
Figure 0.2 A basic tourism system
Source: Leiper, 1990
By Endalamaw Kindie

40. 3.Tourism Industry
• The third element of leiper model is the tourism sector that
involve arrange of business to deliver tourism product for
the travelers. For example, travel agent and tour operators
found in tourist generating region, hotels and other
accommodation establishments founds in the destination
region, as well as transport company is located in transit
rout region
By Endalamaw Kindie