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Informational text and the inquiry process2
- 1. Informational Text and the Inquiry Process: Seeking, Understanding, and Using Information Dr. Elizabeth Dobler Emporia State University June 12, 2013
- 2. What are you reading this summer? What do you want to read? Add to our workshop list at: http://tinyurl.com/booksforsummer
- 3. A bit about me . . . http://elizabethdobler.weebly.com/
- 7. QUEST: A Model for Inquiry
- 9. • 91% of adults own a cell phone (May 2013) • 56% of adult cell phone users access the Internet with their phone • 74% of teens (12-17) access the Internet using a mobile device “In many ways, teens represent the leading edge of mobile connectivity, and the patterns of their technology use often signal future changes in the adult population.” • Pew Internet Mobile Study
- 10. Literacy in the Digital Age
- 11. Common Core Shifts for English Language Arts and Literacy • Building knowledge through content rich nonfiction • Reading, writing and speaking grounded in evidence from text, both literary and informational • Regular practice with complex text and its
- 12. • Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. • Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. • Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific
- 13. • Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. • Read—both independently and collaboratively— print, non-print, and multi-modal works proficiently and critically to be media literate.
- 14. • Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. • Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism. • Draw evidence from literary or informational texts
- 15. Who is responsible for teaching these skills to students? “Literacy educators no longer ‘own’ the concept of literacy”. --Hobbs, 2006. p. 16
- 16. • What are quality and appropriate digital informational texts? • What are the elements that influence comprehension during the inquiry process? • What are effective ways to teach the inquiry process?
- 17. WHAT ARE QUALITY AND APPROPRIATE DIGITAL INFORMATIONAL TEXTS?
- 18. What is Informational Text? Range and Type of Text K-5 Range and Type of Text 6-12
- 20. Informational Text Study • Mean of 3.5 minutes per day for reading informational text • 1.4 minutes in low SES classrooms • Informational text less than 10% of classroom libraries • Less than 3% classroom displays --Duke, 2000
- 21. Using Informational Texts . . . • Expands opportunities for home/school connections (Duke and Purcell Gates, 2003) • Encourages parent participation when invited to share informational text in the classroom (Duke, Bennett-Armistead, & Roberts, 2002, 2003) • Can motivate students (Caswell & Duke, 1998; Jobe & Dayton-Sakari, 2002)
- 22. Limited access to informational text can cause long lasting effects Research Calls For: • Increased access • Increased time • Explicitly teaching of strategies • Creating opportunities to use informational text for authentic purposes
- 23. More about informational text • The Case for Informational Text by Nell Duke
- 24. Text Complexity is defined by . . . • Quantitative measures – readability and other scores of text complexity often best measured by computer software. • Qualitative measures – levels of meaning, structure, language conventionality and clarity, and knowledge demands often best measured by an attentive human reader. • Reader and Task considerations – background knowledge of reader, motivation, interests, and
- 26. What about informational text in digital form? • E-book: print text converted to electronic, taking on features from the e- reader • Digital Book: electronic book with multimedia or interactive elements
- 27. Fewer people are reading, but they are reading in more formats than ever. Digital Book Reading Devices: ereader, tablet, laptop, desktop, cell phone Younger American Reading and Library Habits, Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2012
- 28. 21% of adults have read an ebook. Owners of ereaders read eight more books a year than those without (25 - 17). Younger American Reading and Library Habits, Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2012
- 29. Fiction ebooks at 50% of all book sales. Nonfiction at 25% of ebook sales. --http://www.idealog.com/blog/stats-are-often-hard-to- interpret-in-our-business/
- 30. Young Adults and Digital Books • One third have not read an ebook • 63% have not read a digital textbook
- 31. I read on my iPhone. I like it because I always have my phone with me, therefore, I always had the book with me! I also enjoyed how you could change the colors, font size, or the way you read (scroll or book style). I read a lot more as an ebook! I usually am not very motivated to read, but this was different. I LOVE IT! I have never read an e-book before, but my iBooks library is quickly filling up; I have read two ebooks in record time! I think this has encouraged me to read more.
- 32. I finished the book faster because I read while waiting in lines, hanging out with friends, etc. I am not as against it as I once was. Convenience is nice, but it is a double-edged sword. It makes us frustrated when we can get something right away and dissatisfied with simple joys. Maybe I am reading too far into it.
- 34. Scholastic 2012 Kids and Family Reading Report • Children's e-book sales climbed from $7 million to $19.3 million between March, 2011 and March 2012
- 35. Scholastic 2012 Kids and Family Reading Report • The percent of children who have read an e- book almost doubled since 2010 rising from 25% to 46%
- 36. How do I find quality and appropriate digital informational text?
- 37. The meaning of the word "book" is being transformed before our eyes. Children must learn to read books in many different formats. Caring adults must guide children in their book selections.
- 38. In your experience, is the process of inquiry being taught in school? Please respond using your cell phone. Choose the following and put in your text message: Yes – 169326 No – 169336 Not sure, maybe a little – 188338 Text the message to: 37607
- 40. WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE COMPREHENSION DURING THE INQUIRY PROCESS?
- 41. What is the difference between a landfill and a dump? Go to your favorite search engine and begin.
- 42. --Green, S. E. & Dobler, E. (2010) Instruction Cognition Affect
- 45. The Reader • Attention • Memory • Critical thinking skills • Ability to analyze • Motivation (interest, attitudes, beli efs) • Prior knowledge and experiences
- 46. Types of Prior Knowledge for Internet Reading • Topic (ideas, vocabulary) • Genre and text structure or organization • Search engines and the search process (key words) • Website structures and Coiro & Dobler, 2007
- 47. The Text • Similar genre characteristics as found in print informational text. • Text features are similar to print informational text. • Text features unique to the Internet require readers to have experience with navigating the Internet. • Internet readers must determine the reliability of information presented on the Internet.
- 48. Similar genre characteristics as found in print informational text. • Chinese Lantern Festival Text Structures: descriptive, compare/contrast, sequential, problem/solution, cause/effect
- 49. Text features are similar to informational print text. Organizational Features • Table of contents • Glossary Text Features • Bold print • Highlighted print • Italics • Headings • Captions • Labels Graphic Features • Diagram • Table • Timeline • Chart • Map
- 50. Text features unique to the Internet require readers to have experience with navigation. • Dogo News
- 51. Internet readers must determine the reliability of information. The Web is a vast, open, and uncatalogued library, and one in which reference librarians are nowhere to be found. -Sorapure, Inglesby, & Yatchisin, 1998, p. 410.
- 53. WHAT ARE EFFECTIVE WAYS TO TEACH THE INQUIRY PROCESS?
- 54. Not teaching students to be savvy Internet users leaves them to navigate the information superhighway without a map, a tank of gas, and a spare in the trunk. -Kajder, 2003, p. 49
- 55. QUEST: A Model for Internet Inquiry
- 57. Questions for Internet Reading • Where do I want to go next? • Is this the information I need? • Do I have enough information? • What am I going to do with this information?
- 58. Step 1: Brainstorm 10 or more questions about your topic on 3x5 notecards – one question per card. Step 2: Sort the notecards into categories. Step 3: Create a name that describes each category that would make a good focus area (not too big or too small). Put the names in these boxes. Step 4: Choose your two favorite categories and turn them into research questions. Questioning Activity
- 59. Project Planning Flowchart Enter your theme, topic, two focus areas, and two questions into the flowchart. THEME Topic Focus Questions
- 60. Understanding People of all ages are surprisingly inefficient at finding information using the uniquely flexible resource of the Internet.Is Google Making Us Stupid? What the Internet is Doing to Our Brain
- 61. Answer ________________________________________ Search Engine(s): ________________________________ URL: __________________________________________ _______________________________________________ EXTRA: What other tourist spots are here? ____________ _______________________________________________ Substitution Scavenger Hunt (U-13) Determine your topic and focus, then use them as keywords for searching. Question 1: Where is the Country Music Hall of Fame? + topic focus
- 62. Evaluating - Healthy Skeptics The reader become responsible for weighing information and determining quality.
- 63. thedogisland.com
- 65. Synthesis is . . . . . a thread linking separate ideas from within a text or from multiple texts. Readers tie this thread to their own experiences and then view these ideas in a new light.
- 66. Close reading should suggest close attention to the text; close attention to the relevant experience, thought, and memory of the reader; close attention to the responses and interpretations of other readers; close attention to the interactions among those elements. --Beers & Probst p. 37
- 67. Close Reading is . . . • Returning to the text, each time for a different authentic purpose. • Meant to be practiced with a short passage. • Useful for noticing text elements that are Close Reading is Not . . . • Simply rereading. • A strategy to be used with a long text. • The idea that a reader ignore his/her prior experiences and attend to the text only.
- 68. Transformation Information is not power in the digital age. More information than could possibly be useful in a hundred lifetimes is already immediately available to us. Power is what can be done with information. -Wilhelm & Friedemann, 1998 p. 162.
- 69. Blogs Voice Thread Digital stories Glogs Mash ups Prezi Videos Google Docs Video conferencing Twitter
- 70. CHoMP Notemaking STEP 1: Cross out small words STEP 2: Highlight important info O STEP 3: Make notes (shorten, change words, make lists, use symbols, draw) STEP 4: Put into your own words
- 72. • Beers, K. & Probst, R. E. (2013). Notice & note: Strategies for close reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. • Caswell, L. J., & Duke, N. K. (1998). Non-narrative as a catalyst for literacy development. Language Arts, 75, 108–117. • Coiro, J. & Dobler, E. (2007). Exploring online reading comprehension strategies. Reading Research Quarterly, 42(2), 214-257. • Dobler, E. (2007). Reading the web: The merging of literacy and technology. In, S. Hughes- Hassell & V. G. Harada, School reform and the school library media specialist. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, pp. 93-110. • Duke, N. K. (2000). 3.6 minutes per day: The scarcity of informational texts in first grade. Reading Research Quarterly, 35, 202–224. • Duke, N. K. (2003). The case for informational text. Educational Leadership, 61(6), 40-44. • Duke, N. K., & Purcell-Gates, V. (2003). Genres at home and at school: Bridging the known to the new. The Reading Teacher, 57, 30–37. • Duke, N. K., Bennett-Armistead, V. S., & Roberts, E. M. (2002). Incorporating informational text in the primary grades. In C. Roller (Ed.), Comprehensive reading instruction across the grade levels (pp. 40–54). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. • Duke, N. K., Bennett-Armistead, V. S., & Roberts, E. M. (2003). Bridging the gap between learning to read and reading to learn. In D. M. Barone & L. M. Morrow (Eds.), Literacy and young children: Research-based practices (pp. 226–242). New York: Guilford. • Green, S. E. & Dobler, E. (2010). Cognition, affect, and instruction: A cyclical relationship? College Reading Association Yearbook, 31, 347-360.
- 73. • Eagleton, M. & Dobler, E. (2007). Reading the Web: Strategies for Internet Inquiry. New York: Guildford. • Hobbs, R. (2006). Multiple visions of multimedia literacy: Emerging areas of synthesis. In, M.C. McKenna, L. D. Labbo, & R. D. Kieffer, Eds., International handbook of literacy and technology, pp. 15-28. • Jobe, R., & Dayton-Sakari, M. (2002). Infokids: How to use nonfiction to turn reluctant readers into enthusiastic learners. Markham, Ontario, Canada: Pembroke. • Kajder, S. B. (2003). The tech-savvy English classroom. Portland, ME: Stenhouse Publishers. • RAND Reading Study Group [RRSG]. (2002). Reading for understanding: Towards an R & D Program in Reading Comprehension. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1465.pdf • Sorapure, M., Inglesby, P. & Yatchisin, G. (1998). Web literacy: Challenges and opportunities for research in a new medium. Computers and Composition, 15, 409-424. • Wilhelm, J. D., & Friedemann, P. D., (1998). Hyperlearning: Where projects, inquiry, and technology meet. York, ME: Stenhouse
Hinweis der Redaktion
- What is inquiry? – Created a wordle, with the help of Webster’s dictionary and thesaurus. We are going to take a close look at the inquiry process this morning, exploring the ways we seek information, identifying quality informational texts, strategies for making sense of information, and teaching students ways to evaluate the quality of information they encounter in print and online. Our time together this morning will center around this term inquiry, because it’s at the heart of learning. Consider the last time you wanted or needed to learn about something new. Typically your wondering started with a question. Recently my husband and I celebrated our 10th anniversary, and for years we discussed celebrating this and our last child graduating from high school with a trip to the beach. We were tired and just wanted to relaxed. So we started to learn about beach resorts. Because we were going for total relaxation, we wanted a peaceful place, where the loudest noise was the crash of the waves. So my husband searched Google for the most secluded beach in Florida. After reading, comparing and evaluating, we settled on Boca Grande, Florida. This is just a small example, as adults, we are constantly seeking information.
- Recently my husband and I celebrated our 10th anniversary, and for years we discussed celebrating this and our last child graduating from high school with a trip to the beach. We were tired and just wanted to relaxed. So we started to learn about beach resorts. Because we were going for total relaxation, we wanted a peaceful place, where the loudest noise was the crash of the waves. So my husband searched Google for the most secluded beach in Florida. After reading, comparing and evaluating, we settled on Boca Grande, Florida. This is just a small example, as adults, we are constantly seeking information. The Internet, mobile devices, and reader-friendly search engines have made the inquiry process fast and easy, or so it seems. Let me explain how I become interested in this process
- My own inquiry journey – cleaning, Eric, observation, research studies, dissertation, article, book, presentations, continued desire to know more, embarking on a new project. This question has literally driven my career for the past 15 years. Now not all inquiry projects are so involved, as I shared about our search for a vacation spot. Maybe you are here today because you have a driving question, or maybe you will go home today and pursue your own personal inquiry project. Whatever it is, inquiry is motivated by a desire to know, a feeling that guides humans. What do you want to learn more about? Take a minute and jot down a couple of your own personal inquiry questions.
- A model for teaching students what they need to be efficient and effective Internet readers is QUEST.
- Why is inquiry receiving attention now? Perfect storm, three giant forces coming together. First, the Internet, and with it mobile devices put access to information in the palm of our hands. Think of the times, either you, or someone you are with, raises a question, and all turn to the cell phone for instantly finding the answer. We have a no cell phone rule at the dinner table or in a restaurant for our family. But, the expection to this rule is if we are having a discussion, and someone wants to know the answer to a question, the cell phone can be out if used to enhance our discussion.
- First, the Internet, and with it mobile devices put access to information in the palm of our hands. Think of the times, either you, or someone you are with, raises a question, and all turn to the cell phone for instantly finding the answer. We have a no cell phone rule at the dinner table or in a restaurant for our family. But, the expection to this rule is if we are having a discussion, and someone wants to know the answer to a question, the cell phone can be out if used to enhance our discussion.
- At the same time, those both in education and in the world of work recognize the importance of employees being able to solve work related questions by accessing information, whether through a manual, a report, a research study, or a memo. Information literacy entails the skills needed to locate, understand, evaluate and use information. Some still consider information literacy to be a part of the work by Don Leu and others, who, in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s promoted the term “new literacies” to refer to the “new” skills students need to be successful in a technology filled world. These skills are no longer new, and many people recognize the crucial need to prepare students for future jobs that may not even exist today.
- Add to the mix, the Common Core State Standards. Certainly, we could spend most of the morning debating the merits of the Common Core Standards, which might be loads of fun, but not get us very far. Since the Common Core Standards are what we have in place at this moment, we will use them as our guide. If it isn’t these standards, it would be others. And whatever the format the standards take, there is still a need to prepare our students for the types of reading and learning they are encountering in their everyday lives. As identified on the Kansas ELA website, the ELA Common Core Standards promote the following shifts in what we teach about reading and texts. 1. CCSS call for a 50/50 balance between literary and informational text used during the school day, including historical/social studies, science, and the arts. The 6-12 standards call for students to “independently build knowledge” in the content areas through reading and writing. 2. The Standards expect students to answer questions that depend on their having read the text or texts with care, which is where we get the term “close reading”. Students are expected to be able to summarize what is read and to support their summary with details from the text. 3. The CCSS also encourage what they call a “staircase of text complexity” with students encountering increasingly complex texts, and the academic vocabulary, in order to prepare them for the texts they will likely encounter in their work outside of school.
- No matter your view on the Common Core Standards themselves, few could argue against the importance of these skills, specifically from the reading and writing standards.
- Hopefully I have presented a case for the topic of our time together this morning. I have attempted to identify the valuable role inquiry plays in our everyday lives, the forces that are working in parallel to increase the need to teach the inquiry process to students, and the standards that should guide this teaching. Now I would like to pose a question. Is it the classroom teacher? Reading specialist? Instructional Technology specialist? Library media specialist? It definitely takes a team approach, because there is so much for our students to learn that we cannot put all of this responsibility onto one set of educators. However, the library media specialist is on the front lines of teaching students to seek, understand, and use information, thus the reason for our time together this morning. I believe that each one of you can make an impact on students and their knowledge of the inquiry process. I actually believe this point so strongly that I am starting to work on my masters in library science in August
- Begin with a definition of informational text and it’s role in the classroom. I am a book lover! We have many guides for locating quality print informational text – awards, reviews, etc. No so with digital informational text!
- Let’s first begin with a definition. Certainly as library media specialists, you all have a working knowledge of various genres. I pose this question solely because there seems to be some controversy and confusion about what is meant by the term informational text. For those of you around for the last iteration of the Kansas standards, you will be familiar with the terms expository and technical texts, which basically covered informational and how-to types of texts. The CCSS define informational texts in this way, combining what I would typically describe as informational and explanatory for K-5 and adding argumentative for 6-12. This definition represents a wide variety of texts, and to meet the expectation of including digital sources, can include lots of different formats of texts, includi
- This definition represents a wide variety of texts, and to meet the expectation of including digital sources, can include lots of different formats of texts, including print books, magazines, newspapers, brochures, websites, ebooks, blogs, digital multimedia books.
- 20 first grade classrooms10 low in SES districts10 in high SES districts
- Fourth grade slump, current call for increased expectations of reading skills in order for students to progress to the next grade. Movement across the country for state retention policies based on student performance on reading assessments, which usually include informational text.
- Share story about my digital book huntMarch of the DinosaursChildren of the WorldJonah’s Baby Teeth VisitCaterpillars Don’t Check EmailSpaceThe Incredible Life of a Sea Turtle – Mark Smith has 18 books in the Amazon store.
- Press F5 or enter presentation mode to view the poll\r\nIn an emergency during your presentation, if the poll isn't showing, navigate to this link in your web browser:\r\nhttp://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/fvfyHnxCFis89QwIf you like, you can use this slide as a template for your own voting slides. You might use a slide like this if you feel your audience would benefit from the picture showing a text message on a phone.
- Before talking about the strategies students need, let’s consider what we do as readers. In 2007 Julie Coiro and I published a study in which we asked sixth graders to use the Internet to search for answers to specific questions, then we observed and listened as the students explained their thinking throughout this process. To get us started in this area, please try the same task.
- Notice what you do, what you are thinking, which links you choose, how you pick out important information, how you put details together in your mind. Now talk with someone you are sitting by about what you noticed about your reading.
- The first step to teaching children about making meaning is to be aware of your own strategy use. When you learn about strategy instruction, as you are today, and you are aware of your own thinking, then you become more confident in your teaching of reading, which often leads to wanting to learn more and becoming more aware.
- Begin with what we know about the process of making meaning with print text. These three elements are influenced by the sociocultural context. In other words. Who the reader is, what the reader is reading, and the process the reader, and their reason or purpose for reading all work together to influence how much we understand.
- Consider these elements for yourself, when you were searching for information about landfills and dumps. You, as the reader, influence how well you understand what you read. All elements work together, but prior knowledge seems to be critical to developing an understanding.
- Pegboard or schema provides a system for organizing information so that it can be recalled as needed. Our brain hangs new information on our mental pegboard, sorting it into categories and creating connections between ideas.Activate students’ prior knowledge through real experiences, discussions, simulations, hands-on activities, videos, magazines, books, websites. Think aloud when you read informational texts, modeling the thought process used by the most skilled reader in the classroom, as CrisTovani would say.
- Genre characteristics: descriptions, compare/contrast, sequential order, problem/solution, ??Text features: headings, bold, color, Text features unique to the Internet: locate of information changes, rolling banners,
- Genre characteristics: descriptions, compare/contrast, sequential order, problem/solution, ??
- Text features: headings, bold, color, bullets
- Text features unique to the Internet: locate of information changes, rolling banners, embedded text link, icon link stand-alone text link, links to multimedia, bread crumb trail, links to advertisements
- Many web sites have features to specifically contribute to the credibility of the information presented. These features may include a statement of reliability, privacy or legal notice statements, copyright information, a link with information about the site host, or a way to contact the site host directly. Internet readers must understand how to use and analyze these text features in order to determine the reliability of the information. Sometimes these features are hard to find.
- Begin with what we know about the process of making meaning with print text. These three elements are influenced by the sociocultural context. In other words. Who the reader is, what the reader is reading, and the process the reader, and their reason or purpose for reading all work together to influence how much we understand.
- The skills needed for Internet Inquiry must be explicitly taught, we can’t make assumptions about what our students know. They may be able to find Google and search for something, but are they efficiently and effectively using their time. What happened when we just search willy-nilly? We get tired, our choices get sloppy, we may not find the right information for what we need, or it may take too long.
- A model for teaching students what they need to be efficient and effective Internet readers is QUEST.
- Humans want to feel important. The questions we ask represent a part of ourselves and our thinking. Questions for inquiry should be authentic, and important to the students. Practice questions from the teacher can be used for mini-lessons or modeling, but when in comes down to the nitty gritty work in inquiry, students must be asking their own guiding questions that drive the search process.
- Additionally, there are questions along the way that guide the search process. In fact, the reader is constantly asking him/herself questions, unless becoming bored, and this is a sign that learning is running dry.
- Visit one of these sites and do a little online reading. Notice what you do, what you are thinking, which links you choose. Read and article, then draw a diagram with or without words to show what the article was about.
- Sift the wheat from the chaff, until you have a kernel of an idea, then explain in your own way.
- Read a recipe to see if your family would enjoy it. Return to see what ingredients you need to get at the store. Read it again when you are cooking, and again, and again!Select high-quality texts that make reading worthwhile, then plan for a multi-day commitment to a text, with a focus each day on a specific reading mission to be accomplished.To prepare for instruction, a teacher must first read the text and identify aspects of the text that could require special effort for a particular group of students. These aspects may include key vocabulary, unfamiliar concepts, or gaps in information. Then through purposeful reading and rereading, the teacher guides students to peel away the layers of meaning within a text, like layers of an onion, while also tackling the challenging aspects of the text.
- In fourth grade, Gabe was not on the Internet once during the school year. In fifth grade, he could watch his teacher read on the Internet as she displayed the computer on the screen. Gabe leaves elementary school without having any opportunity to ask his own questions, search for information, and use the information. Yet, soon, in Gabe’s future, he will be expected to do these things, and not too long after that, he will be expected to do this expertly. When will this teaching begin?