Theory of Time 2024 (Universal Theory for Everything)
Anupam Das-active solar energy ppt
1. ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY
Submitted To- Submitted By-
Dr. Richa K. Tyagi Anupam Kumar Das
Asst. professor M.Tech 1st Sem.
BBAU Energy & Environment
Lucknow BBAU Lucknow
2. Solar energy
Radiation energy produced
by sun
Clean, renewable source of
energy.
Converted into usable
energy such as electricity
3. Solar energy used in two ways:-
1.Passive solar energy:-
Direct use for
heating/lighting/drying/ventilation purposes.(in
natural manner)
Example-lighting in homes through windows or
green buildings concept.
2. Active solar energy:-
Conversion to electricity with the aid of special
instruments like uses of the mechanical
elements to provide either heating or cooling.
Example- solar water heating system, solar
thermal power plant.
4. Active solar energy
In active solar energy the system uses
mechanical equipment such as pumps and
blower and other type of equipment to collect,
store and convert solar energy also use when
solar energy is not enough.
In this type of energy: once the energy from the
sun is absorbed, it is stored for later use.
Active solar techniques increase the supply of
energy.
5. Example of active solar energy system
Most common example of
active solar energy is-solar
water heating system.
Solar water heating saves
approx. 1000 megawatts of
energy a year, equivalent to
eliminating the emission from
two medium sizes coal
burning power plants.
By using solar water heating
over gas water heating, a
family will save 1200 pounds
of pollution each year.
7. Others
examples of
active solar
energy –
Solar energy
power plants.
Concentrating
solar power
And
photovoltaic
8. Concentrating solar
power(CSP)
oConverted sun energy into
high temp. heat energy
oThe heat energy used to
generate electricity in a
steam generator.
9. largest CSP plant
California, United States
• Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
• Location: California, United
States
• Commission date: Feb, 2014
• Capacity: 354 megawatts
(MWh)
• Generates power for 140,000
homes
The Ivanpah installation reduces
carbon dioxide emissions by over
400,000 tons annually.
10. CSP plant in India
Neemuch, India
Welspun solar MP project
Capacity: 150 MWh
11. Photovoltaic
Tracking solar panels rotate as
the sun moves through the sky
to maximize the amount of
electricity then can produce.
13. Advantage of active solar energy:-
Long term cost effectiveness in colder climates-
It is very effective in colder climates, where interior heating is
necessary during most of the year.
Free sunlight can save thousand of dollars a years in utility bills in
areas with long winters.
Low maintenance- Generally , maintenance with solar heating
system will involve keeping the solar panel clean and unobstructed
from snow, bird dropping , tree branches and other debris.
On average solar heating system require a mere 8 to 16 hours of
routine maintenance per year.
It is also worth nothing that many grid- tie solar heating systems
come with warranties at least 10 years.
14. Silent operation
The silent operation of solar heating
systems is due to minimum presence of
moving parts.
There is absolutely no noise resulting
from the some of solar heating systems.
15. Environment & health issue
Cadmium – Cadmium is used in cadmium telluride solar cells
as a semiconductor to convert solar cells energy into electricity.
Though used in very small amounts, it is extremely toxic and
can build up in a given ecosystem if it isn't monitored.
Electromagnetic Radiation From Solar Panels
Modern solar systems use components that radiate high
levels of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation, which
poses health risks to those with electromagnetic
hypersensitivity (EHS).
some of the symptoms of this health risk are common and non-specific,
such as headaches and restlessness.
16. Disadvantage of active solar energy
Space requirement-
Active solar systems rely on
the sun to heat liquid. weather the liquid is water or
an antifreeze mixture.
To generate enough hot liquid to be useful, a large
space is required.
19. JNNSM- Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Energy Mission
National solar mission is a major initiative of the governments to
promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's
energy security challenges.
In first phase mission aims to commission 1000 MW of grid-connected
solar power projects by 2013.
20,000 MW of grid connected solar power by 2022.
The mission has several purpose-
1) long term energy security.
2) ecological security.
3) to deploy 20 million solar lightening systems for rural areas by
2022.
4) to achieve 15 million square meters solar thermal collector area
by 2017 and 20 million by 2022.
20. In the solar energy sector, some large projects
have been proposed and a 35,000 square km area
of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar
power projects sufficient to generate 700 to 2100
GW.
India is planning to install the world’s largest solar
power plants with 4000 MW capacity near sambhar
lake in Rajasthan.
Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources. Indeed the rate at which solar energy is intercepted by the earth is about 10,000 times greater than the rate at which humankind consumes energy.
The earth receives 1.2x1017 Watt of incoming solar radiation.
Energy supplied by the sun in one hour=amount of energy required by human in one year.
Although the active solar energy systems are usually more expensive than passive systems, they are generally more efficient.
Active systems are often easier to retrofit then passive systems because their storage tanks do not need to be installed above or close to the collectors. if installed using a pv panel to operate the pump, an active system can operate even during a power outage.
A typical solar hot water production system is composed of solar flat plate collectors, a heat storage vessel and piping. solar radiation is absorbed by the collector and heat collected is transferred to the storage vessel.
The solar collectors are usually placed on the roof of the building, facing south at an inclination of 30-60 degree with respect to the horizontal plane, so as optimize the amount of radiation collected on a yearly basis.
Concentrating solar power is used in special power plants that use mirrors.
Concentrate the solar energy on an absorber called receiver.
The photovoltaic cell is the basic building block of a PV system. Individual cells can vary in sizes from about 1cm to about 10 cm across. Most cells are made with silicon today. Silicon must be purified. This is one of the biggest expenses in the production of solar cells.
A slab (or wafer) of pure silicon is used to make a PV cell. The top of the slab is very thinly diffused with an “n” dopant, such as phosphorous. On the base of the slab, a small amount of a “p” dopant, typically boron, is diffused. The boron side of the slab is 1,000 times thicker than the phosphorous side. The phosphorous has one more electron in its outer shell than silicon, and the boron has one less.
The phosphorous gives the wafer an excess of free electrons; it has a negative character. This is called the n-type silicon (n = negative). The n-type silicon is not charged—it has an equal number of protons and electrons—but some of the electrons are not held tightly to the atoms. They are free to move to different locations within the layer.
The boron gives the wafer a positive character, which will cause electrons to flow toward it. The base of the silicon is called p-type silicon (p = positive). The p-type silicon has an equal number of protons and electrons; it has a positive character, but not a positive charge.
Where the n-type silicon and p-type silicon meet, free electrons from the n-type flow into the p-type for a split second, then form a barrier to prevent more electrons from moving between the two sides. This point of contact and barrier is called the p-n junction.
When both sides of the silicon wafer are doped, there is a negative charge in the p-type section of the junction and a positive charge in the n-type section of the junction due to movement of the electrons and “holes” at the junction of the two types of materials. This imbalance in electrical charge at the p-n junction produces an electric field between the p-type and n-type.
If the PV cell is placed in the sun, photons of light strike the electrons in the p-n junction and energize them, knocking them free of their atoms. These electrons are attracted to the positive charge in the n-type silicon and repelled by the negative charge in the p-type silicon.
The active solar energy system are expensive. A complete system for a single family home can cost upward $10,000.
In addition an active solar system has many parts to maintain repairs can up quickly.