Introduction to Urban Planning Principles
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The document summarizes an introduction to urban planning presentation given by Dr. K. Nagayama. It discusses key topics in urban planning including what is required, what issues should be addressed, common planning processes, and notable agenda items. Specific topics covered include urbanization trends, poverty alleviation, economic development strategies, stakeholder engagement, and public-private partnerships. The overall presentation provides an overview of essential concepts in urban planning.
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Introduction to Urban Planning Principles
- 1. Learning Session for UBMPS Introduction to Urban Planning July 24, 2007 Dr. K. Nagayama Deputy Team Leader, JICA Study Team 1
- 2. Learning Session for UBMPS Topics 1. What is required by “Urban Planning” ? 2. What should “Urban Planning” address ? 3. What process is needed for “Urban Planning” ? 4. Some Notable Planning Agenda 2
- 3. Learning Session for UBMPS Topics 1. What is required by “Urban Planning” ? 2. What should “Urban Planning” address ? 3. What process is needed for “Urban Planning” ? 4. Some Notable Planning Agenda 3
- 4. Learning Session for UBMPS Urbanization….. 4
- 5. Learning Session for UBMPS How to manage “Urbanization”? • Rapid population increase is taking place in cities. • Rural-to-urban Migration is predominant. • Pull effect (Urban)+ Push effect (Rural) Urban “bright” or Urban “blight” ? Urban “bright” or Urban “blight” ?t ge men M ana t h G row 5
- 6. Learning Session for UBMPS Poverty alleviation is a challenging urban issue. 6
- 7. Learning Session for UBMPS Poverty alleviation is a challenging urban issue. • Poverty is related to “Employment, Education, Health, Housing, ……. • Rural economy is a reason of “Being Poverty”. • Economic Trickle -down Effect Planning Target vs. Political Target? Planning Target vs. Political Target? t ge men M ana t h G row 7
- 8. Learning Session for UBMPS Economic Trickle -down Effect Income Level Peripheral Central Peripheral 8
- 9. Learning Session for UBMPS Growth Management 9
- 10. Learning Session for UBMPS Redevelopment for Vitalization of Urban Economy 10
- 11. Learning Session for UBMPS Conceptual Structure of the National Development Mineral Resources- Agriculture-based based Development Development Darkhan Hovd Erdenet Choybaisan Uliastay World City Undurkhaan Harhorm Ulaanbaatar Agriculture-based National Development Corridor Choir Development Reforestation Zuun Mineral Resources- based Development National Growth Corridor 11
- 12. Learning Session for UBMPS Topics 1. What is required by “Urban Planning” ? 2. What should “Urban Planning” address ? 3. What process is needed for “Urban Planning” ? 4. Some Notable Planning Agenda 12
- 13. Learning Session for UBMPS Four (4) Principles of Urban Planning 1. Public Benefits first 2. Priority to “Conservation” 3. Keep moving with 4Es (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) 4. Secure People’s “quality of life” 13
- 14. Learning Session for UBMPS Common issues held by cities 1.Lack of sufficient infrastructures and public service facilities 2.Poor institutions for urban planning and growth management; 3.Weak financial and tax basis of local governments; 4.Less coordination and integration among locally available resources; 5.Less autonomous motivations due to a centralized resource allocation system. 14
- 15. Learning Session for UBMPS Five Planning Issues • Issues: – Livability – Competitiveness – Bankability – Good Governance – Environmental Conservation 15
- 16. Learning Session for UBMPS Key Elements for Urban Planning Physical & Spatial Structure (hardware) Integrated Urban Plan Institutional & Human Resoruce Legal Systems Development (software) (humanware) 16
- 17. Learning Session for UBMPS Planning Elements for Sustainable Urban Growth 1 Economic System Social System 2 for Sustainable Growth for Equitable Growth 3 Environmental Conservation & Management Environmental Conservation & Management 4 5 Strategic Development Balanced Development of Leading Metropolitan Cities of Local Cities 17
- 18. Learning Session for UBMPS Key Factors/ Elements to Successful and Meaningful Master Plan (6) Ownership of An Institutional Plan Framework (2) Strong Local Leadership (7) Support of (5) Possibility (1) Local (3) Stakeholder Donors of Resource Enthusiasm Participation Mobilization Donor Coordination (4) Capacity Realistic Rationalized Building Planning and Plan & Planning Management Process Framework 18
- 19. Learning Session for UBMPS Contents of Urban Master Plan 1. Urban Planning Policy (Goals and Missions) 2. Urban Land Use & Zoning 3. Transport System & Structure 4. Urban Infrastructure and Utilities 5. Housing and Living Conditions 6. Urban Environment and Disaster Management 7. Urban Growth Management and Governance 8. Financial Capacity Strengthening 19
- 20. Learning Session for UBMPS Topics 1. What is required by “Urban Planning” ? 2. What should “Urban Planning” address ? 3. What process is needed for “Urban Planning” ? 4. Some Notable Planning Agenda 20
- 21. Learning Session for UBMPS Strategic Planning Process 1. Where are we now? (Diagnostic Analysis, Comparative advantages) 2. Where would we like to be? (Future Visions) 3. What issues do we need to address? (Formuationo of Projects/Programs) 4. What action must we take to get there? (Prioritization, Implementation Programming) 21
- 22. Learning Session for UBMPS Rationales of Planning Process Status Status Analysi Analysi ss Visioning Visioning SWOT Analysi s Programmin Future Demand Programmin Forecast g g Development Prioritization Prioritization Framework Cost Estimate Action Action Planning Planning Cost-Benefit Analysis Financial Scheduling 22
- 23. Learning Session for UBMPS Strategic Planning Approach… 2. Visioning 3. Strategy Building Vision Strategic Path 1. Status Analysis Present Situation 2015 2030 23
- 24. Learning Session for UBMPS Stakeholders Workshops Leader’s City Initiation Conceptualization lessons View-exchange Group Presentation 24
- 25. Learning Session for UBMPS Setting of Planning Goals For up-lifting people’s quality of life More smooth More smooth Livable Housing Livable Housing people’s mobility people’s mobility Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar !! Urban Visions Urban Visions Help the poor !! Help the poor Environment- Environment- conscious !! conscious 25
- 26. Learning Session for UBMPS Issues and Measures of Urban Planning Planning Issues Urban Issues of Urban Planning 1. Create “Livable City” for All Public Transport System 2. Achieve sustainable and Land Use Zoning competitive economic growth Road Transport Network 3. Strengthen the municipal Industries, Business, financing capacity Tourism & FRI Inducement 4. Assure Environmental ICT and Urban Utilities Conservation New Taxation and Laws 5. Prepare legal Framework for Growth Management & Alleviation of Environmental Good Governance Pollution 26
- 27. Learning Session for UBMPS Topics 1. What is required by “Urban Planning” ? 2. What should “Urban Planning” address ? 3. What process is needed for “Urban Planning” ? 4. Some Notable Planning Agenda 27
- 28. Learning Session for UBMPS Demand-Supply Gap Fulfillment Service Capacity/Volume Supply Schedule A Supply Schedule B Shortage/Congestion Over-supply/Investment Risk Demand Curve 2007 2015 2020 2030 28
- 29. Learning Session for UBMPS Public Transport Modal Hierarchy Applicable Modes and Systems 60,000+ CAPACITY (Persons/hr/Lane) 50,000 Mass Rapid Transit 40,000 30,000 Light Rail 20,000 Transit Bus Priority 10,000 Tramway Bus in Monorail Mixed Traffic 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 29 OPERATING SPEED (km/hr)
- 30. Learning Session for UBMPS Multimodal Cargo Transport and Unit Load System Unit Unit Unit Factory B Factory B Factory C Truck in Unit Truck in Unit Station Railway in Unit Port / Airport Airplane in Unit Port / Airport Railway in Unit Truck in Unit Station Unit Unit Truck in Unit Customer B Customer A 30
- 31. Learning Session for UBMPS The Global Trend of Containerization, Globalization & Standardization Packaged in Standardized Units Container Each Cargo Item Standardized International Transport Transported as Unit Vessel Train Truck 31 Airplane
- 32. Learning Session for UBMPS What is PPP? • Establish partnership with commercial market, Government & communities → From Vertical Relation to Horizontal Relation • Facilitate business sector’s participation → Deepen Communication with Stakeholders of Development • Re-define government’s roles for social and economic development → Adopt new positive “Social Welfare Policy ” 32
- 33. Learning Session for UBMPS Government’s functions shifting from providing public services itself towards becoming a “manager of the providers” …. PPP PPP Concept Part of Capital PFI Investment Privatization Joint Venture Overall Management Outsourcing Sales Leaseback Part of Capital Concession Investment Wider Market Operation & Initiative Maintenance u P % 01 i r P % 01 0 0 33
- 34. Learning Session for UBMPS VFM Maximization by PPP Conventional Public Initiative PPP NPV VFM Public Spending Risk Cost Repair/Renewal Cost Project Formation Cost Total Payment for Operation/Maintenance Service Charges Cost Construction Cost 34
- 35. Learning Session for UBMPS How to promote it ? Mongolia Mongolia Mongolian Gov. Partnership Private Sector Improve Investment Money, Environment through Deregulation Technology & Dialogue Human Resource Japanese Gov. Partnership Private Sector Japan Japan 35
- 36. Learning Session for UBMPS Let’s remind four (4) principles of Urban Planning … • Public Benefits first • Priority to “Conservation” • Keep moving with 4Es (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) • Secure People’s “quality of life” Thank you .. 36
- 37. Learning Session for UBMPS 37
- 38. Learning Session for UBMPS 38
- 39. Learning Session for UBMPS 39
- 40. Learning Session for UBMPS 40
Editor's Notes
- 世界都市 森林再生 資源開発 国土軸 世界都市 国土開発軸 A reforestation exploitation of resources country axis world city Country development axis
- We facilitate discussions in this manner in the stakeholder workshops. First, where are we now? This is important question to recognize the reality of the situation of their city. For this question, we, the consultant team provided diagnostic analysis and comparative advantages. The second question is where would we like to be? This calls for participants’ visioning their city in the future. This question is rather difficult to clearly answer. The third question is what issues do we need to address? Since the participants are facing some problems in their city lives, they can easily demonstrate their project ideas. However, the most difficult question is the next one: What action must we take to get there? At present, we are progressing up to the third question.
- One of the major changes taking place today is the shift of government functions from the historic “provider” of public services to the “manager of providers” of public services . Taking into consideration the financial viability dominated by inherent characteristics of rail transit development versus government’s limited fiscal situation, URMAP recommended to adopt a PPP-based delivery system. In the system, public sector should share part of initial costs and remain responsible for overall project management, whilst private sector should share the remaining costs for completing the system, and operate and maintain the system after completion. The basic rationale for this change is that when properly implemented, it results in significant benefits, in terms of improved performance and lower costs, to both the government and to the public being serviced. Essentially, it is a shift from a monopoly government provider to a competitive environment. PPP is a broader concept covering PFI, Privatization, Outsourcing, Concession, Joint Venture, Sales Leaseback, Wider Market Initiative , etc. However, what I am presenting is the concept more akin to PFI in UK.
- Here, I will touch on the VFM maximization by PPP. Obviously, VFM implies the value of public services against the tax money input . More specifically, VFM is measured as the difference of probable total public spending between the two implementation cases under conventional public initiative and PPP. The former public spending is measured as Public Sector Comparators - PSC in terms of Net Present Value, including risk cost, repair / renewal cost, operation / maintenance cost, and construction cost. Whilst, the latter public spending is measured as Life Cycle Cost - LCC in terms of Net present Value, including project formation cost and total service charges. The difference between PSC and LCC is VFM. According to the experiences in UK, average 15 to 17 percent of VFM was produced from the application of PFI.