TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FILM
AND TV INDUSTRIES

CONSUMER PRODUCTS
 Consumer products are any articles
produced or distributed for sale to a
consumer for the personal use.
 The use of technology at home can
be useful for everyone, but especially
for those who are interested in
media production.
 These can be modern cameras,
laptops, PCs, tablets, as well as
editing software (Adobe Premier Pro
 Final Cut, Sony Vegas Pro).

SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY
• It's a wireless system for delivering
television programming directly to a
viewer's house.
• Satellite TV transmits broadcast
signals from satellites orbiting the
Earth.
• Satellite TV systems transmit and
receive radio signals using specialized
antennas called satellite dishes.

HOW SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY WORKS
1. Programming source is the
channel that provides
programming for broadcast.
2. At the broadcast centre, the TV
provider receives a signal from
the programming source and
beams a broadcast signal to
satellite.
3. The satellites receive the signals
from the broadcast station and
rebroadcast them to Earth.
4. The viewer's dish picks up the
signal from the satellite and
passes it on to the receiver in the
viewer's house.
5. The receiver processes the signal
and passes it on to a TV.

HOW SATELLITES WORK

SATELLITE ADVANTAGES
• Satellite offers movie-quality audio and picture display with
hundreds of channels.
• This service is readily available in rural and urban areas and
provides access to more digital and high definition programming.

SATELLITE DISADVANTAGES
• It is expensive to purchase all the equipment at the outset.
• If you want to access satellite TV in multiple rooms, be prepared
for extra fees.
• Also, satellite TV is subject to weather-related malfunctions.

CABLE TECHNOLOGY
 Cable television is a system of
distributing television programs via
radio frequency signals transmitted
through coaxial cables or light
pulses through fiber optic cables.

CABLE ADVANTAGES
• Advancements in digital cable provide improved audio and picture
quality with additional channels at a lower cost than satellite.
• You can also access cable channels from multiple rooms in your house
fairly easily.

CABLE DISADVANTAGES
• Cable has limited access in rural areas, and you should prepare
for increased service costs as your provider updates its
equipment.
• Your service costs are also subject to local taxes.

ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL
• Between 2008 and 2012, all television in the UK has moved from
analogue to digital.
• Film production and exhibition has also moved from analogue to
digital in recent years. This means extremely lightweight and some
very cheap cameras can be used to shoot films. The footage can also
be edited digitally with the aid of computers and incredible software
that allows people a great deal of flexibility and creativity.

ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL: ADVANTAGES
• Switching from analogue to digital let broadcasters offer
higher picture definition, because a digital signal can be
compressed far more than an analogue signal.
• Compression allows stations to fit more information in the
signal. That means you're getting a clearer image with digital
television than you would from an analogue signal.
• In addition, using digital television, people can pause, rewind,
fastforward shows they have recorded and view them at a
later time. There is no longer the need for the audience to be
glued to the television in order not to miss a programme; the
digital box will automatically record the desired shows.

INTERACTIVE TV
• Television and film are becoming more interactive
with the aid of social networking and other emerging
technology.
• Interactive television is becoming increasingly popular
• modern television has a ‘return path’, so not only
information can flow from the broadcaster to the
consumer but also vice versa.
• People are able to buy goods through their
televisions, change the outcome of a television show
and click on advertisements to find out more about a
product or service.

INTERACTIVE TV
• NHS Direct run an interactive TV
service where viewers can search
for their local health services by
putting in their postcode and
they are testing the idea of
having people able to book an
appointment with their GP
through their television.
• This can be good for homes
without internet access and for
those who have resisted new
technologies as they can do it
through their remote controls, a
device they are already familiar
with.

INTERACTIVE TV: ADVANTAGES
• The potential for instantaneous purchasing is extremely alluring
for both businesses and consumers.
• allowing viewers to participate in and engage their favourite
programme, would create more satisfied viewers, and satisfied
viewers tend to continue viewing

INTERACTIVE TV: DISADVANTAGES
• interactive TV is currently slower than the
internet and many people still see the
television as a source of entertainment
rather than a means of interaction.
• there are serious concerns about privacy.
A fully interactive television would
absolutely become the source of privacy
concerns.
• As with e-commerce, there would be the
threat of identity theft and unauthorized
use of credit cards, etc.
• Personal computers are able to combat
such threats with firewalls and secured
pages, but a television that is simply
connected to the internet may be
vulnerable.

THE INTERNET
• The internet has had a huge impact on the TV and
film industries
• In 2005 Google became the highest valued media
company in the world and YouTube has become a
huge viewing platform for people across the world.
• In order to stay competitive, TV and film companies
have had to become more flexible and allow
consumers greater choice in the way they watch films.
To help combat film piracy from illegal downloads,
there are now a huge range of legal ways to stream
films over the internet such as the Lovefilm and
Netflix subscription services.

INTERNET TV - ADVANTAGES
• Accessibility - If you have to answer the phone, you can pause
the programme you are watching. You can also rewind and re-
watch a scene you like.
• More affordable
• Internet TV let you keep up with your social life on Facebook and
Twitter.

INTERNET TV - DISADVANTAGES
• Initial cost - this may involve purchasing not only a TV set, but
also all the necessary accessories to connect it to the Internet:
Ethernet wiring; power-line adaptors or wireless receivers.
• Availability - not all channels and shows have made it to the
Internet yet. Moreover, to prevent people watching shows
entirely via online or Internet TV, many TV companies do not
show every episode of every show online.

HIGH DEFINITION
• High Definition (HD) means that the resolution of the
picture is much higher than standard definition. This
means that there are more pixels used to make up the
picture on screen and therefore the picture quality is
better and clearer with less visible pixels to the viewer.
• There is HD recording equipment such as cameras, HD
televisions, HD projection in cinemas and even HDMI
cables that ensure the best picture quality comes from a
Blu-ray player to the television.
• HD technology is becoming increasingly cheap and is
now becoming the standard experience for the viewer.
• For filmmakers, the iPhone and iPhone 4S will even let
people record HD footage on their phones, allowing
people to make high quality films on relatively cheap
technology.

HD - ADVANTAGES
• Better picture quality - a digital picture is more absolute, rather
than hazy, snowy, or having experienced signal degradation
• The opportunity to bring an interactive experience to television
through two-way digital technology.

HD DISADVANTAGES
• In order to get HD signal, you usually need to pay an extra
fee each month. However, some TV networks send out high-
definition programming for free.
• In addition, the components of HDTVs can be very expensive.
If your television suffers problems, expect to pay a great deal
more in repairs than you would with a normal TV.

3D
• The way 3D television is created is actually quite simple. It's where 2
cameras are put close together while filming something, and each
camera represents the left and the right eye. This gives us the illusion
that we are more involved in the film or TV program.
• So it's taking two normal 2D shots and putting one in front of the other
to create the 3D effect. When watching something in 3D you have to
wear 3D glasses to get the full effect of what your watching, otherwise
the picture would be blurred.

HOW 3D WORKS

3D: ADVANTAGES
• 3D content, if produced well, and if your 3D TV is properly
adjusted, can provide an excellent immersive viewing experience
for movies, games.

3D: DISADVANTAGES
• Many are bothered by having to wear 3D glasses
• Not everyone likes 3D. When comparing content filmed or
being presented in 3D, the depth and layers of the image are
not the same as what we see in the real world.
• 3D TVs are more expensive
• You need a 3D Blu-ray Disc player, and maybe a 3D-enabled
Home Theatre Receiver

PAY-PER-VIEW
• Pay-per-view is also becoming increasingly common for viewers offering even more choice but also
adding more cost to their viewing. If consumers do not want to subscribe to a Sky Sports or Movies
package but still want to watch specific movies or sports games, they now often have the option of
paying a one off fee for the privilege. This can be costly but is similar to renting a film from a video shop.
It also means they can get access to live events as they happen such as football matches and even music
concerts.

PAY-PER-VIEW: ADVANTAGES
• Pay per view offers more flexibility
• is usually good value for money

PAY-PER-VIEW: DISADVANTAGES
• Pay-per-view programs aren’t always available when you want them.
There could be up to a two-hour delay before it is shown.
• with pay-per-view, you usually have to pay a monthly fee as well as per
film

ON- DEMAND VIEWING
• On -Demand lets you catch up on TV you’ve missed at a time that suits you.
• On Demand programming is delivered to your YouView Box via your internet connection.
• With TV On Demand on YouView, you can catch up on TV shows from the last 7 days using the
backwards Guide. You can also access entertainment on all the major Free On Demand players:

ON-DEMAND VIEWING: ADVANTAGES
• It lets you fit TV around your schedule, rather than fitting your
life around your TV schedule. It lets people create and view
content when they want.
• avoiding the ads

ON-DEMAND VIEWING: DISADVANTAGES
• Much of the content that viewers want to see is paid for

STREAMING CONTENT
• Streaming media is
multimedia that is constantly
received by and presented to
a user while being delivered
by a streaming provider (e.g.,
radio, television)
• Live streaming, delivering live
over the Internet, involves a
camera for the media, an
encoder to digitize the
content, a media publisher,
and a content delivery
network to distribute and
deliver the content.

PROS OF STREAMING:
• Access to lots of content: Streaming services give users access to vast
amounts of content, often for one subscription price. This means you
can watch or listen to whatever you want and never need to store files
• Flexibility: Streaming services let you watch or listen on your own time.
It also lets you access content wherever you get an Internet connection
– whether you’re at the gym, at college or on the road.
• High quality content: Unlike pirated content or torrents, streaming
services always offer a high quality and consistent experience.
• No ads : Most paid streaming services offer an ad-free experience, so
you never have to wait through a commercial when streaming TV shows
or listening to music.

CONS OF STREAMING:
• The content isn’t always up-to-date or new
• You often depend on connection: If you’re at the cottage, airport
or gym and don’t have a solid internet connection, the content
you want to access could be unusable.
• Need more data: Streaming uses a lot of bandwidth, so be
careful. If you’re new to this kind of service, you may get bill
shock if you haven’t planned ahead.

DIGITAL RECORDERS
Digital TV recorders are similar to video recorders
in that you can record television programmes to
watch at a later date. Some other benefits of the
new digital TV recorders are as follows:
• Pause and rewind live TV
• Recording a complete series in one touch
• Viewing electronic program guides.
• The Sky+ HD Box can record up to 60 Gigabytes
of programming, record entire series through
series link, record up to two programmes
simultaneously and many more.
Cons : The sound from a digital recording is a bit
'sterile' and needs effects to liven up the sound.