Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins that store genetic information. They exist in cells only during cell division and unravel into chromatin between divisions. Prokaryotes have single circular chromosomes in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotes have multiple larger rod-shaped chromosomes in the nucleus. Humans have 46 chromosomes including 22 homologous chromosome pairs that determine traits and 2 sex chromosomes that determine gender. A karyotype is a picture of a cell's chromosomes arranged by homologous pairs to identify their number and structure.

1. CHROMOSOMES

3. Chromosome Shape Centromere Chromatids

7. Chromosome Numbers 1262 Adder’s Tongue Fern 52 Sand Dollar 48 Gorilla 46 Human 36 Earthworm 32 Cat 18 Carrot & Lettuce 8 Fruit Fly # of chromosome Organism

8. Which is more complex in terms of functions & intelligence? Adders Tongue Fern OR Human

9. … OK Bad Example

14. Diploid vs Haploid Cells 1n 2n Abbreviation Only sex cells- Egg or Sperm All cells but sex cells (egg or sperm) Type of Cell Only one of each homologous chromosome present Both sets of homologous chromosomes present Description Haploid Diploid