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Abstract Expressionism<br />By: Christy Balewski<br />&<br />Sam Bush<br />

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What it is…<br />Abstract Expressionism isa painting movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions.<br />non-geometrically, sometimes applying paint with large brushes, and looks as if to be an accident but is really quite planned.<br />

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History…<br />European artists began moving to America during WW II. <br />The main result of the new American fascination with Surrealism was the emergence of Abstract Expressionism.<br />Produced in New York roughly between 1940-1960.<br />Jackson Pollack<br />Ocean Greyness<br />1953<br />

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Made New York the center of the art world, and was often called the “New York School”.<br /><ul><li>Artists wanted to establish their</li></ul> independence from European surrealists <br />and other art trends.<br /><ul><li>Abstract Expressionism was the first</li></ul> art movement to influence artists<br /> over seas, rather than vice versa.<br />

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Arshile Gorky was the artist to put this movement into motion, because his art ideals were obtained from Surrealism, Picasso, and Miro. <br />Emphasized the depiction of emotion’srather then objects.<br />Paintings consisted of shapes, lines, and forms meant to create a separate reality from the visual world.<br />

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Hans Hoffman<br />Rising Moon<br />“What was to go on the canvas was not<br />a picture, but an event.” <br />Critic- Harold Rosenberg<br />

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European Influence<br />European Surrealists obtained their notion of the unconscious mind, from Sigmund Freud. <br />Many Americans at this time, derived Carl Jung’s theory- the “collective unconscious” holds that beneath ones private memories, is a store house of feeling and symbolic thoughts.<br />With all the European influence, Abstract Expressionists sought universal themes within themselves.<br />

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Action Painting<br />One of the two techniques for Abstract Expressionism was known as Action Painting.<br />A style of painting which paint is spontaneously dripped, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather then being carefully applied.<br />Willem de Kooning- Paris Review<br />1979<br />

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Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)<br />Influenced by Mexican muralist painters, and Surrealism.<br />Canvases were usually on the floor, or the wall where he dripped or poured on the paint.<br />Used knives, sticks, or towels instead of brushes.<br />Occasionally putting sand, broken glass, or other matter, into his paintings.<br />Resulted in direct expression and “Action Painting”.<br />

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Jackson Pollock <br />Shimmering Substance<br />1946<br />

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Jackson Pollock<br />Enchanted Forest<br />1947<br />

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Jackson Pollock <br />Lavender Mist <br />1950<br />

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“I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image… because the painting has a life of its own.” <br />Jackson Pollock<br />

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Arshile Gorky (1904-1948)<br />3 Factors in work of the 1940’s<br />Intense childhood memories of Armenia, prime subject matter.<br />Growing interest in Surrealism.<br />Many discussion with colleagues about Jungian ideas.<br />

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<ul><li>The unstructured shapes, and drips of paint hint at the fluidity of the Waterfall.</li></ul>Waterfall- Arshile Gorky (1943)<br />

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Arshile Gorky - One Year the Milkweed<br />1944<br />

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Willem de Kooning<br />A pioneer in Abstract Expressionism.<br />Tried to capture energy and emotion through Action Painting.<br />Alternated between abstract and figural painting.<br />Blended traditional forms, with a sense of uncertainty.<br />

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Willem de Kooning<br />Woman I<br />1950-1952<br />

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Willem de Kooning<br />Pink Angels <br />1945<br />

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Willem de Kooning<br />Black Friday <br />1948<br />

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Willem de Kooning <br />Women III<br />1952<br />

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Willem de Kooning<br />Excavation <br /> 1950<br />

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Franz Kline (1910-1962)<br />His works around 1946 had a Cubist structure, or were abstract.<br />Around 1950, he made large calligraphic paintings in black and white.<br />In 1958, Kline introduced color in some of his works.<br />

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Franz Kline<br />Figure Eight <br />1952<br />

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Franz Kline<br />New York, N.Y.<br />1952<br />

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Franz Kline<br />Untitled<br />1958<br />

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Color Field Painting<br />The Second Type of Abstract Expressionism paintings.<br />Paintings with solid area of color covering the whole canvas.<br />Meant to be seen up close, so the viewer is immersed in color.<br />

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Mark Rothko(1903-1970)<br />Asymmetrical blocks of color, and painted the edges of his canvases, then displayed them without frames. <br />Titles were unimaginative leaving the interpretation up to the viewer.<br />

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Mark Rothko<br />Red, Orange, Tan and Purple<br />1949<br />

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Mark Rothko <br />Orange and Red on Red<br />1957<br />

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Kenneth Noland(1924-2010)<br />First to stain canvases with thinned paints.<br />Appeared as pure and saturated color. <br />Made concentric rings, and parallels, in relation to the size of the canvas.<br />

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Kenneth Noland<br />Heat<br />1958<br />

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Kenneth Noland<br />Back and Front<br />1960<br />

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Sculptures<br />David Smith is one of the most famous Abstract Expressionism sculptor’s<br />He created large, steel geometric sculptors<br />His motivations were similar to that of the painters<br />His most famous sculptors are his Cubi series<br />

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David Smith<br />Cubi XIX<br />1964<br />

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What it Influenced<br />Created a whole new way to look at art<br />Influenced later art movements<br />Pop Art<br />Minimalism<br />Tachisme<br />