1. Prepared by:
MR. KARM P. BALAR
Asst. professor
SSASIT, SURAT
Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati Institute of Technology

2. terminology
 Hazard
 Risk
 Vulnerability
 Exposure
 Disaster
 Impact
 Damage
 Loss
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3. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1. High Powered Committee set up in August
1999.
2.Until 2001 – Responsibility with
Agriculture Ministry,
3.Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in
June 2002.
4.National Disaster Management Authority
established.
5.Disaster Management Act passed in
December 2005.

4. HAZARD
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 Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people
and their environment.
 When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities and capacities, they can
turn into disasters.
 Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented.

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. Vulnerability
Is a condition
or sets of
conditions that
reduces
people’s ability
to prepare for,
withstand or
respond to a
hazard

9. 9

10. 10
Assess
vulnerability
Prevent/mitigation
Prepare for
emergency
Develop policy
Vulnerability reduction
Vulnerability reduction:

11. Hazard Vulnerability
x Disaster Risk
Capacity
=
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12. DISASTER
The serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing
widespread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed
the ability of the affected people to cope using their own resources.
*An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or
progressive, causing widespread human, material
or environmental losses
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“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and
health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade
that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC)

14. Disaster cycle Likely environmental impact causes, examples
Pre-disaster stage: • Environmental impacts of structural mitigation
 Land-use alteration
 Environmental impacts and wastes during mock-drills
During Disaster
(Natural – Earthquake,
Landslide, Tsunami,
Flood, Drought,
Cyclone; Man-made
– Chemical/
industrial, nuclear,
biological, civil)
• Structural waste/debris/e-waste/carcasses
 Air pollution, contamination, toxic release
 Fire and/or explosion, Hazardous wastes exposure
 Water pollution
 Radiation
 Noise
 Land degradation, contamination, soil loss
 Vegetation – crop/ forest, biodiversity damage
 Wetland loss
 Coastal beach/ River bank erosion
Post-disaster
(Relief-rehab. phase)
• Waste generation from relief operation (food, medical, shelter, packaging)
 Water shortage, Water pollution, loss of fisheries
 Air pollution due to waste/carcasses disposal, transport, etc.
 Land-use and landscape changes for shelters/ camps etc.
 Environmental impacts due to relief road/bridge making
 Environmental impacts due to other emergency supplies
 Hazardous waste recoveries
 Spoilages of industrial materials and goods
 Local climatic-setting alteration
Post-disaster (recovery
and later – long
term)
• Environmental impacts of changed land-use and landscape
 Environmental impacts of persistent chemicals release in system
 Biotic pressure of the altered settings of rehabilitated population
 Environmental impacts due to peoples increased dependence on ecosystem resources because
of losses to their crops/livelihoods
 Biodiversity changes and alien species invasion
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15. RISK
The probability of harmful consequences or expected
losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic
activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting
from interaction between natural or human-induced
hazards and vulnerable conditions
Risk ~ P * D
P = probability of occurrence
D = extent of damageability

16. The probability that a
community’s
structure or
geographic area is to
be damaged or
disrupted by the
impact of a particular
hazard, on account of
their nature,
construction, and
proximity to a
hazardous area.
Risk

17. RISK
• Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its
negative consequences...
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R = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)
CAPACITY

18. COMMUNITY
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY
POLICY OPTIONS
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19. Capacity
Those positive
condition or
abilities which
increase a
community’s
ability to deal with
hazards.

20. Disaster Management
A collective term
encompassing all
aspects of planning for
preparing and
responding to disasters.
It refers to the
management of the
consequences of
disasters.

21. A continuous and integrated process of planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are
necessary or expedient for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
● Capacity-building.
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Disaster Management

22. Disaster Risk Management
A broad range of activities
designed to:
 Prevent the loss of lives
 Minimize human suffering
 Inform the public and
authorities of risk
 Minimize property damage
and economic loss
 Speed up the recovery
process
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23. Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Impact
Disaster Response
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Mitigation
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25. Definition:
Activities designed to minimize loss of
life and damage, to organize the temporary
removal of people and property from a threatened
location &facilitate ,timely &effective rescue, relief
& rehabilitation

26. Preparedness
Measures taken in
anticipation of a disaster
to ensure that
appropriate and effective
actions are taken in the
aftermath.

27. 1. Community awareness and
education
2. Proper warning system
3. Mutual aid arrangement
4. Mock drill, training practice

28. Disaster Response
 It involves measures taken in anticipation of,
during and immediately after a disaster to ensure
that the effects are minimized.
Its done by:-
 Mass evacuation
 Search and rescue
 Emergency medical services
 Securing food and water
 Maintenance of Law & Order
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29. 1. Implementing the
disaster management
plan
2. Setting up medical camps
and mobilizing resources
3. Providing adequate
shelter and sanitary
facilities
4. Development of search
and rescue team

30. It involves measures, which support
emergency affected areas in reconstruction
of the physical infrastructure and
restoration of economic and emotional well
being.

31. 1. Counseling programmed
for those who lost the
near ones
2. Restoring services like
roads, communication
link
3. Providing financial
support employment
4. Reconstructing damaged
buildings

32. Definition :
These are actions aimed at reducing
or eliminating the impact of future hazard events
by avoiding hazard or strengthening resistance to
it.
 It involves measures to
eliminate or reduce the
incidence of severity of
disasters.

33. Prevention
Measures taken to
avert a disaster
from occurring, if
possible (to
impede a hazard
so that it does not
have any harmful
effects).

34. Mitigation
Measures taken prior
to the impact of a
disaster to minimize
its effects
(sometimes referred
to as structural and
non-structural
measures).

36.  Members
 World Vision of India
 SOS Children's Village India
 Ramakrishna Mission
 Plan international
 OXFAM India Trust
 Lutheran World Service India
 Red Cross
 Catholic Relief Services
 CASA
 CARITAS India
 Voluntary Health association Of India
 Action Aid
 Action for Food Production-AFPRO
 Indo German Social Services Society

37. Major Disasters in India
 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 2001 Gujarat earthquake
 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
 2008 Mumbai attacks
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38. Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
 Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment,
 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
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39.  Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
 Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labor
 Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
 Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
 Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
 Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
 Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
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40. Disaster Reduction Day
 NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the 12th
October
 Rallies and special lectures were organized in the
universities and colleges to mark the initiatives of
awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth &
children.
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41. Best Practice’s example
 On 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit the coastal belt of
Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with a storm surge of six to nine meters
height, killing an estimated 500,000 people.
 Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, the April 1991 cyclone
with wind speed of 225 km/hr. killed only 138,000 people even though
the coastal population had doubled by that time.
 In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a wind speed of 250 km/hr. only
127 people lost their lives.
 In May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed of 200 km/hr. only 111
people lost their lives.

42. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• DM STRUCTURE
NDMA set up as the Apex Body with
Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee (NEC) -
Executive Committee of NDMA.
• At the Centre
Central Ministries will Continue with
Nodal Responsibilities.

43. State Level
 SDMA at State Level, headed by
Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC), headed
by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and
monitor implementation of National
Policy, National Plan and State Plan.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

44. District Level
 DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
 Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-
Chairperson – interface between Govt. and
Public.
SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS
 National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF).
 National Institute of Disaster
Management (NIDM).
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

45. NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS
BHATINDA
GR. NOIDA
VADODARA
PUNE (Talegaon)
BHUBANESHWAR
( Mundali
)
KOLKATA
GUWAHATI
PATNA
CHENNAI
(Arakkonam)
LEGEND
BNs
CBRN BNs
New Raisings
VIJAYAWADA
• Two more Battalions Approved.

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 NDRF did commendable work in the Nepal earthquake 2015 when our responders
saved 11 precious human lives out of 16 lives saved and retrieved 131 dead bodies.
 Be it the highly damaging floods in Bihar, UP, MP in 2016
 the Uttara hand forest fire 2016, the Chennai floods 2015
 the Assam Meghalaya floods 2014
 the J&K floods 2014
 train accidents like Kanpur Dehat train accident 2016
 NDRF has saved more than 5,52,018 lives in various disasters within country and
abroad
Director General
National Disaster Response Force
Sh. Sanjay Kumar, IPS

47. JAPAN TSUNAMI - MAR. 2011

48.  FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS DIAL
TOLL FREE No. 1070
 Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
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