1. AND MIXED
CONDITIONALS
Arfi Kurnia Arzieah Rosyada
Idris Bahtiar
Amellia Anggraeni,
International Class
State Institute for Islamic Studies
Salatiga
2012
2. Will/Would
Normally, will/would and should cannot be used
after if in conditional sentence. There are
however, certain exceptions:
1. Will/would used, not in the future, but to mean
am/was willing, don’t/didn’t mind can be placed
after if.
If you will/would is particularly useful in polite
requests.
ex: If you are willing to wait, I will ask the
manager to speak to you. (please wait)
3. 2. Would like and would care can be which are
equivalents of want and wish can be used in
type 1:
-If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for
you.
3. Should + infinitive can be used in type 1 instead
of a simple present when we wish to imply that
the action in the if clause, though possible, is
unlikely. It is often combined with an imperative:
-If anyone should ring up say that I’ll be back at
8.
4. If replaced by even if, whether…or unless ,
but for, provide (that) and supposing,
otherwise.
1. Even if = even though
compare:
- You must go if you are ready
- You must go even if you aren’t ready
2. whether…or = if…or
-you must go tomorrow whether you are ready
or not.
3. Unless + affirmative verb = if + negative verb
-Unless you go, your father will be angry.(if you
don’t go )
5. 4. Otherwise= if this doesn’t happen/didn’t
happen/hadn’t happened.
-We must be back before midnight, otherwise
we will be locked out.
(if we are not back by midnight will be locked
out)
5. But for = if it were not for/if it had not been
for.
-But for the storm we should have arrived
earlier.
6. Provided(that) can replace if when there is a
rather stronger idea of limitation or restriction.
6. 7. Suppose can be used to express what
will/would happen if? Or what would have
happened if?:
-Suppose that plane is late? = what will happen
if it is late?
In Case
An in case clause is normally placed after the
main clause not before in.
Note, however that in case of + noun = if there
is a/an + noun :
- In case of guests welcome them (if there are
guests welcome them)
7. If only
a) If only + present tense/will expresses hope
- If only he comes in time (we hope he will
come)
b) If only + past/past perfect expresses regret (it has
the same meaning as wish + past or past perfect)
- If only he didn’t drive so fast:
We wish he didn’t drive so fast
We are sorry he drives so fast
c) If only + would can express regret about a present
action as an alternative to if only + past tense (it has
the same meaning as wish + would)
-if only he would drive more slowly. (we are sorry
that he isn’t willing to drive more slowly)
8. If + past perfect , would ( n’t )+ verb
-if I’d saved more, I would be rich.
If + past simple, would (n’t) have+past
participle
-if I was sensible I’d saved more
If + past perfect, would(n’t) be + ing
- If I hadn’t saved, I wouldn’t be going on
holiday
If + past continues, would(n’t) + verb
-if I was going on holiday soon, I would be
happy
9. We use mixed conditionals when the time in the
if clause is different from the time in the result
clause.
We can mix past time and present time to
imagine
-the present result of a hypothetical past situation
or action:
past situation present result
If I’d taken his advice , I’d own a small fortune
now instead of a big debt.
(= I didn’t take his advice so now I don’t own a
small fortune)
10. -The past result of a hypothetical situation in the
present:
present situation past result
If you got better with him, you might have
listened to his suggestions.
(= you don’t get on with your father so you didn’t
listen to his suggestions)
11. We can mix past time and future time to imagine
- The future result of a hypothetical past situation
or action:
past situation future result
If I hadn’t broken my wrist, I’d be playing tennis
later. (= I did break my wrist so I am not playing
tennis later)
12. We can mix future time and present time to
imagine.
- The present result of hypothetical future
situation or action:
future situation present result
If I was not meeting my manager later, I’d be at
the conference now. (= I am meeting my
manager later, so I’m not at the conference now)
- The future result of hypothetical situation in the
present:
present situation future result
If I was at home in America, I’d be seeing my
mother tomorrow because it’s her birthday. (I am
