The main objective of anther culture is production of haploid plants, which are useful in rapid production of homozygous lines and also production of doubled haploids (DH). Anther culture or pollen culture provides certain advantages over conventional breeding strategies like production of homozygous lines which takes 5-7 generations in case of conventional breeding strategies.
The Yamada et al., and Guha and Ramachandra are first to produce the haploid plants through anther culture in 1936 and 1964 respectively.
N6 is the popular media for used for anther culture.
This presentation deals with procedure, applications, limitations associated with the Anther culture.
The main objective of anther culture is production of haploid plants, which are useful in rapid production of homozygous lines and also production of doubled haploids (DH). Anther culture or pollen culture provides certain advantages over conventional breeding strategies like production of homozygous lines which takes 5-7 generations in case of conventional breeding strategies.
The Yamada et al., and Guha and Ramachandra are first to produce the haploid plants through anther culture in 1936 and 1964 respectively.
N6 is the popular media for used for anther culture.
This presentation deals with procedure, applications, limitations associated with the Anther culture.
Micropropagation (tissue culture or invitro culture) refers to the multiplication of plants, in an aseptic condition and in artificial growth medium from plant parts like meristem tip, callus, embryos anthers, axillary buds etc. It is a method by which a true to type and disease free entire plant can be regenerated from a miniature piece of plant in aseptic condition in artificial growing medium rapidly throughout the year.
Here, all information about Plant Tissue Culture
HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
THE TECHNIQUE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plantlet Regeneration and Transfer to Soil
A Classification of Tissue Culture Techniques
EMBRYO CULTURE
MERISTEM CULTURE
ANTHER OR POLLEN CULTURE
TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES
SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
Plant tissue culture,its methods, advantages,disadvantages and applications.Komal Jalan
Plant tissue culture is the most widely used technique for growing very large number of plant using a very small part of the main plant(explant). Tissue culturing is very common for many popular and demanding crops.Few of them discussed here are Potato,Papaya,Pinepple,Banana,Gerbera,Sunflower,Orchids
this slide is tells us about general tissue culture history and history about discovery of plant tissue culture.
it include advantage of virus free planting
Micropropagation (tissue culture or invitro culture) refers to the multiplication of plants, in an aseptic condition and in artificial growth medium from plant parts like meristem tip, callus, embryos anthers, axillary buds etc. It is a method by which a true to type and disease free entire plant can be regenerated from a miniature piece of plant in aseptic condition in artificial growing medium rapidly throughout the year.
Here, all information about Plant Tissue Culture
HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
THE TECHNIQUE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plantlet Regeneration and Transfer to Soil
A Classification of Tissue Culture Techniques
EMBRYO CULTURE
MERISTEM CULTURE
ANTHER OR POLLEN CULTURE
TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES
SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
Plant tissue culture,its methods, advantages,disadvantages and applications.Komal Jalan
Plant tissue culture is the most widely used technique for growing very large number of plant using a very small part of the main plant(explant). Tissue culturing is very common for many popular and demanding crops.Few of them discussed here are Potato,Papaya,Pinepple,Banana,Gerbera,Sunflower,Orchids
this slide is tells us about general tissue culture history and history about discovery of plant tissue culture.
it include advantage of virus free planting
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Identification of Ralstonia Solanacearum in Kyrgyzstan’s Potato Fields and th...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In this study, we have used well-known, efficient methods and bioassay for systematic screening of R. solanacearum for identification of its phenotype and biochemical profile, as well as for pathogenicity and virulence. As a result, an aggressive race — Biovar 3 — was most isolated from the potato fields of the Issyk-Kul region, especially in fields where the Picasso variety was grown. The isolated indigenous strains of Streptomyces diastatochromogenesstrain sk-6 and Streptomyces bambergiensis strain k1-3 has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent for the management of the bacterial wilt of potatoes, as indicated by the reduced percentage wilt incidence. Root zone and soil application of Streptomyces diastatochromogenesstrain sk-6 and Streptomyces bambergiensis strain k1-3 at a dose of 108 cell/ml significantly reduced disease incidence and increased the growth of potato plants. The disease’s progress was reduced by 60% and 56% in plants inoculated with Streptomyces diastatochromogenesstrain sk-6 and Streptomyces bambergiensis strain k1-3, respectively.
Successful strategies against bacterial wilt in SSAHarahagazwe
This presentation was made at the Refresher Course on Potato Seed Production organized by Wageningen UR at the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) in Nairobi, Kenya on the 25th November to the 6th December 2013.
INVITRO CULTURE: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIOSNS & ACHIEVEMENTS.
INVITRO TECHNIQUES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY USE IN AGRICULTURE AND CROP IMPROVEMENT. APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODS. TISSUE CULTURE, MICROPROPAGATION, EMBRYO CULTURE, ANTHER CULTURE, POLLEN CULTURE, ENDOSPERM CULTURE, OVULE CULTURE, OVARY CULTURE, ETC.
Plant biotechnology also known as green biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in plant or crop production. There are several techniques used such as ell culturing. Organ culture, explant culture, cell suspension culture are some culture types. This is a very useful technology in which have several applications like synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, cybridization, hybridization.
Management of SPVD: A model for production, multiplication and delivery of cl...ILRI
Presented by Settumba Mukasa and Samuel Kyamanywa (Makerere University) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
Definition of hairy root culture ,multiple shoot culture ,Production of hairy root and multiple shoot , advantages an disadvantages of hairy root and multiple shoot culture, Sterilization and sterilizing agents wit concentration and exposure time
B4FA 2012 Nigeria: Sugarcane Micropropagation in Nigeria - Inuwa Usmanb4fa
Presentation by Inuwa Usman, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Science Journalism in Tanzania - Joseph Kithamab4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genes - Out of the Lab into the News - Sharon Schmickleb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Seed trade environment in Ghana - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Agricultural biotechnology and the regulatory environment - ...b4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Cassava mosaic disease resistance - Paul Asareb4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Bt cotton production in Ghana - Emmanuel Chambab4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: F1 hybrid seeds and plants - Claudia Canalesb4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Status of maruca-resistant cowpea project in Ghana - IDK Ato...b4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Genetic Engineering - Chris Leaverb4fa
Introduction to genetic engineering technologies and principles at B4FA 2013 Accra media fellowship workshop
For more information please see www.b4fa.org
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Seed trade environment in Tanzania - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
FAIRSpectra - Towards a common data file format for SIMS imagesAlex Henderson
Presentation from the 101st IUVSTA Workshop on High performance SIMS instrumentation and machine learning / artificial intelligence methods for complex data.
This presentation describes the issues relating to storing and sharing data from Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry experiments, and some potential solutions.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
B4FA 2012 Uganda: Biotech seed potato breeding in Uganda - Abel Arinaitwe
1. Use of biotechnological techniques in production of
quality seed potato in Uganda
A case study of Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research
and Development Institute in Kabale
By
Arinaitwe A.B, Namugga. P, Tibanyedera. D and Imelda
Speke Resort Munyonyo, Kampala
1/11/2012
2. Mandate of
Kachwekano ZARDI
• Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development
Institute(KAZARDI) is one of the NARO’s Public Research institutes and is
located in Kabale district in south western Uganda.
• .It is mandated to spearhead agricultural research and development for
increasing agricultural productivity in Uganda's South western highland
agro ecological Zone (SWHAEZ) that comprise of Kabale, Kisoro, Rukungiri
and Kanungu districts
• Developing and availing improved technologies, practices and tools for
use by producers, processors and traders in order to improve agricultural
productivity and agro- enterprise
• Production of quality planting and stocking materials of potato, apple,
pear, sorghum, wheat , barley crops and goats among the livestock
3. What is Biotechnology?
• Biotechnology is application of techniques
using biological systems, living organisms or
derivatives from them to make or modify
products or processes for use by humankind.
4. Techniques in biotechnology
• First generation biotechnological techniques included
fermentation, plant and animal breeding that have been used
to produce products and improve certain traits.
Biotechnology is not new and has been used to produce food
and drink (yoghurt, cheese, beer - Ajon, Muramba, Mwenge
bigere, wines, yeast, etc).
• The second generation of Biotechnology includes, use of cell
culture or tissue culture to yield chemical products and
growing tissues and plants (clonal plants).
• Modern Biotechnology involves application of recombinant
DNA technology by introducing nucleic acid material (DNA)
containing the genetic code (genes) in to other cells naturally
or artificially.
5. Techniques used at Kachwekano
ZARDI
• Kachwekano ZARDI is using;
• Tissue culture- for Rapid microprogation to produce
enough planting materials (seed potato) (2006)
• Recombinant DNA technology- for Gene transfer to
combat most production constraints- (since 2012) in
collaboration with NARL-Kawanda
• Immunology- For Disease diagnosis using ELISA based
methods , virus elimination and bacterial wilt detection
6. What is plant tissue culture?
•
The technique of growing plant cells, tissues and organs in an
artificial prepared static or liquid nutrient medium, under
aseptic conditions (Clean conditions).
•
The technique is often referred to as in vitro culture. The term in
vitro literally refers to “in glass” or “in test tube” or “in bottle”.
•
A piece of a plant, which can be anything from a piece of stem,
root, leaf, or bud to a single cell, is cut and placed in that tiniest
a test tube and used to develop new plants. In this environment
free from microorganisms and in the presence of a balanced diet
of chemicals, the explant, can produce plantlets that in turn, are
able to multiply indefinitely
8. What is plant tissue culture? Cont’d
Plant tissue culture techniques are generally characterized by;
1.
Work being done on a small-scale
2.
Environmental conditions are optimized with regard to physical, nutritional and
hormonal factors of the plants
3.
All microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and viruses), as well as other pests of higher
plants are excluded i.e. it is performed under sterile conditions
4.
The normal pattern of plant development often breaks down, and an isolated tissue
can rise to calli or can develop in many unusual ways (e.g. organ formation, somatic
embryogenesis)
9. What is plant tissue culture? Cont’d
The stages in plant tissue culture;
1.
Obtain the explant (A piece of plant tissue taken out from original site of plant and
transferred to an artificial tissue media for growth or maintenance)
2.
Clean the explant
3.
Media preparation
4.
Media sterilization
5.
Multiplication of explant
6.
Rooting
7.
Shooting
8.
Acclimatization/Hardening off
9.
Transplanting to container/field
•
These stages can overlap in certain cases, and the requirements of each stage vary
widely from plant to plant.
10. What is plant tissue culture? Cont’d
2
1
5
3
4
6, 7
9
8
12. Culture media
Components/ Requirements of culture media
•
Inorganic salts (nitrate, potassium and ammonium)
•
Plant growth regulators (Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscisic acid)
•
Vitamins (Vit B1, Vit B2, Vit B6, B12, Vit C)
•
Energy source (Sugar or sucrose)
•
Proteins (Amino acids and amines)
•
Antibiotics (for controlling micro-organisims like bacteria and fungi)
•
Gelling agent (something to hold the components of the media)
13. Why use biotechnology in potato
• Uganda stands at 33 million people and is projected to be 53
milllions by 2025 and 94M by 20 50. With this increase in population,
there is likely to be both food and nutritional insecurity.
• Potato, (Solanum tuberosum L.,) is grown by 300,000 small holder
households that produce a total of 650,000 tons on 93,000 hectares
(FAOSTAT, 2007).
• Potato yields at farmers’ fields have stagnated at about 7 tons per
hectare compared to the 18 - 25 tons per hectare at Kachwekano
Station
• The low yield accounted for by constraints to potato production
which include; late blight (LB) and bacterial wilt (BW) viruses Potato
leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato
virus S (PVS), Potato virus A (PVA) and Potato virus M (PVM) and
inadequate availability clean seed,
14. Key potato production challenges
Bacterial wilt
Potato virus Y and Potato virus X
Potato leaf roll virus
Late blight
Inadequate seed potato
15. Why use biotechnology in potato contn’d
•
95% of farmers have traditionally relay on their own local Seed potato supply that is
obtained by keeping the small-sized (non marketable for table consumption) from the
previous crop harvest because of inadequate clean planting materials.
•
The quality or planting value of home saved seed potato in general is very poor and in
most cases it is infected with bacterial wilt and viral diseases.
•
Conventional breeding for bacterial wilt resistance in potato has been very challenging
with limited success due to a very narrow genetic and variable polyploidy levels
(different chromosomes numbers (n-6n ) in potato male sterility.
•
Therefore; Uganda undeniably needs clean planting materials for farmers , bacterial wilt
resistant potato varieties , more food, energy and a higher standard of living, for its
people.
•
Biotech has the potential to address the above challenges, and presents a feasible
solution to production of clean planting material in short time, increase crop yields and
improve livelihoods of many farmers in Uganda
It was on this premise that this KAZARDI started use of biotechnological techniques to
address the challenges limiting the production of quality seed
•
16. Use of Tissue culture to address the challenge of quality seed
potato at Kachwekano
Objectives of establishing Tissue culture Lab at Kachwekano
• To multiply plant tissues, organs under sterile conditions in the
absence of pathogens like( fungi, viruses, bacteria etc.) using
Tissue culture techiniques
• To Produce high quality potato planting material free from
diseases
• Rapidly multiply high quality potato plants to generate enough
seed for the farmers
• Preserve germplasm (Potato varieties) and overcome genetic
erosion (Loss)
17. Why tissue culture is possible in plants
•
The phenomenon of cell totipotence is a cornerstone to the tissue culture
technique. Living plant cells undergo cell division to give an entire plant of
the same genetic constitution as the mother plant.
•
This indicates that each plant cell contains all the necessary information for
regeneration of a new plant.
•
The multiplication of plants in vitro does not establish any new processes
within the plants. Tissue culture simply directs and assists the natural
potential within the plant to put forth new growth and to multiply in a
highly efficient and predictable way.
18. SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Tissue culture laboratory
Potato plantlets growing in
the growth room at KAZARDI
•Current capacity
10,000 plantlets
is
about
•Seven (7) varieties have been
successfully propagated
20. Production of potato minitubers
• From the Tissue culture Laboratory, the
plantlets are planted in the soil or Aeroponic
facility where they are grown suspended in air
(Aeroponic) for production of minitubers
(Nuclear seed) (First seed generation)
• From this nuclear seed, pre-basic and basic
seed will be generated
24. AEROPONICS SCREEN HOUSE
Capacity of 1440 plantlets per
season
•Four varieties have been
successfully tested
•Each plant averagely gives 40
minitubers
Potato plant with minitubers growing
aeroponics screen house at KAZARDI
in
the
29. Genetic engineering in potato targeting
transfer of bacterial wilt resistance genes
Genetic engineering: This is the process of manipulating and
transferring instructions carried by genes from one cell to another
Why do scientists carry out plant genetic engineering?
A. Addressing concerns of production constraints in plants like
resistance to bacterial wilt disease and other diseases.
B. Testing function of genes or parts of genes
A. B. Modifying Expression of Endogenous Genes
- Turning genes off
- Increasing Expression
- Modifying Expression
C. Moving genes from other organisms
30.
31. Characteristics a gene transfer system
DNA delivery systems must be
- simple, efficient and preferably inexpensive
One’s system of choice depends on
- the target tissue,
- its regeneration system,
- the position or affiliation of the researcher
32. Elements of plant transformation
A.
Cell culture and plant regeneration system
B.
Cloned DNA to be introduced (gene of intrest) with these parts below
1. Selectable marker gene
2. Promoter (constitutive or inducible),
3. Coding region
C.
Method of delivery of DNA into the cell (Transfer to another
organism)
D.
Proof of transformation (molecular biology analyses – PCR, RT-PCR,
Southern and Northern blot assays)
33. Method of delivery of DNA into the cell
1. Biological methods
Agrobacterium -mediated transformation
2. Direct methods
-Protoplast microinjection
-Particle bombardment
34. Considerations of Plant Genetic Engineering
Choice of Plant part to be used (explant)
This could be Embryogenic Cell Suspension (ECSs), callus or
internode
Internodes
ECSs
Potato Callus
Selected explant or tissue must be regenerable before transformation
After transformation process, cells must be regenerated into fertile plants
35. Cloned DNA (gene) to be introduced
L
Marker
gene
Terminator
Terminator
gusA
R
36. Genetic transformation in Potatoes
Two transformation systems are commonly used
Particle mediated gene transfer
Agrobacterium gene transfer system
Infection
3-4 days
4-5 days
Co-cultivation
Histochemical GUS assay
Selection and regeneration
Selection and regeneration
37. Trasformation and regeneration process in
Potatoes
internode
Embryogenic Callus
Gene transfer using
agrobacterium
Infect the callus with
Agrobacterium
strain(EHA105, AGL1)
containing a suitable
vector
Selection of transgenic on
kanamycine anti-biotic
Transgenic lines
38. Planned future work
• Continue with regeneration and transformation of
potatoes with bacterial wilt resistance genes
• Evaluating the potato varieties generated with genetic
engineering for resistance to bacterial wilt
• Putting together different genes (gene stacking) for
resistance for bacterial wilt in to potato to avoid
resistance breakdown
• Looking for drought tolerant genes and putting them in
potato to address the issues of climate change
39. Conclusion:
• In Uganda, the Government has embraced
biotechnology as a strategy to enhance
agricultural productivity and industrialization,
improve health care delivery and preserve the
environment.
• So lets join Hands and feed the future
generation