Smart textiles
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the presentation is about functional smart fabrics used in the interior.
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Smart textiles
- 2. • Introduction • Ways of making textiles smart • 1. Nanotechnology • Research • Nanotex • Ecorepel • 2. Thermochromics fabric dye • Research- Leuco dye and liquid crystal dye • Example of wallpaper • Other smart trending fabrics • Light sensitive curtain • Shape memory fabric • LED rugs and wallpaper • Solar energy curtain • References
- 3. Smart fabrics or textiles are basically fabrics which are given smart functional characters by using various external stimuli or types of technologies. These products have the same features of a normal fabric, but with advanced options which are user friendly and attracts larger consumers. Innovation, technology, science, sustainability everything is incorporated to create such textiles. There are a lot of uses of such items, such as hospitals, architecture, interior design, sports, music, etc. in this case study we will focus on smart fabrics which can be used in interiors.
- 4. There are several techniques to give a fabric that smart finish by which it becomes a smart fabric. Some of the most important techniques of modifications are: • Nanotechnologies for fiber and fabric coating – using Nano particles inside or on top of fabrics • Light sensitivity - sensitive to light intensities • Thermochromatic- change is color due to temperature change • Stain resistant- self cleaning fabrics [Water/oil resistant] • Fire resistant • Shape memory textiles • Embedded conductive wires and LEDs • Conductive inks • Micro sensors
- 5. Nano fabrics are textiles engineered with Nano materials in the size of atoms and molecules to give fabrics extra functionalities and advantageous properties such as super hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity is also known as the “Lotus effect”, the ability to resist water to be penetrate on the surface. Construction methods: nanotechnology can be introduced in many different ways into fabrics. The most two important ways are Sol-gel and Electrospinning. In Sol-gel the fabric is immersed in gel type solution, and in electrospinning they use electric field to incorporate nanoparticles into the fabrics. Nanotechnology for fabrics which are for interior uses have different processes: 1. Nano whiskers : in this process, numerous whiskers which are (1nm-100nm) are embedded on the surface of the fabric, which causes water to bead up on the surface and roll off. Fabric is submerged in water filled with billions of Nano whiskers. The water is then heated and evaporated, which results the whiskers to chemically with the fabric, making the fabric hydrophobic. 2. Silver nanoparticles: here Nano silver particles are inserted into fabric’s fibers where they bond together. This is done by impregnation method, where the colloidal solution of silver impregnates the fabric, usually cotton, giving it antibacterial, odor resistance qualities.
- 6. 3. Nanomaterials: there are many varieties of nanomaterials or nanoparticles which are used as a coating on fabrics to give them different properties. The properties vary according to the material. The application can be during fabric manufacture or during finish process. The significant type for interior use is to give the fabric stain resistance, using the coatings of zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide; self-cleaning, using silver, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, and many more.
- 8. Nanotex is a company who had their concept of water repellent from the fuzz of peach fruit’s outer layer, which they named as Nano whiskers. Their whiskers are tiny hair-like projections that make liquid to roll off the surface of fabric. The whiskers are aligned along the back of the fabric surface using molecular hooks. This system is very effective in water resistant and also doesn’t interfere in air flow through the fabric. Application: Upholstery. Advantages : Easy cleaning Fabric lasts longer because no damage done by staining Ensures “breathing” of the fabric, hence healthy
- 9. This product imitates natural water- repelling system, which mimics duck’s feathers and lotus leaf surface. The fabric is based on long paraffin chains wrapping themselves in spiral form around each fiber, which in turn ensures surface tension so that water and other water based dirt will simply run off. Advantages : Keeps fabric dry and clean Breathability is not affected Feels soft and comfortable Can be used for upholstery fabric Application: upholstery, curtain, rug material
- 10. These are fabrics which are dyed by thermochromics dye, which reacts to external temperature stimulus. Thermo chrome technology is used to create dyes and pigments for fabric, which makes the fabric to response in changes in temperature. There are two types of systems: 1. Leuco dye, colorless ink which is a mixture of various solvents and chemicals which enables the color change through temperature. It is reversible, meaning they change color back and forth as the temperature varies. This ink is insoluble in water, so first step is to reduce with sodium hydrosulphite to get an alkali solution in wooden vats. Then they are introduced to the fabric. The dye dries fast as it doesn’t contain water. 2. Liquid crystals, where color change depends on how light interacts when liquid crystals structure changes due to temperature. They can be natural or synthetic. They need to be microencapsulated first before incorporate to the fabric. In this, the inner part of the capsule is the micro particles of liquid crystal dye, and outer part is a water soluble layer encapsulating the ink. This capsules are then combined with other water based surfaces to dye the fabric.
- 15. Researchers at the university of California, Berkeley came up with a technology for fabric, which will allow curtains to move in response to light, without using in battery or electricity. WORKING: carbon nanotubes, which are atom size thick rolls of carbon inside plastic polycarbonate membrane is used to create the fabric The nanotubes absorb light within fractions of a second and convert it into heat, and then transfer the heat to the polycarbonate membrane The membrane expands but nanotube does not, causing the two layered material to bend Advantages : Very easy to make Sensitive to low intensity light as well Sustainable solution for interiors Contributes to energy efficient buildings
- 16. Shape memory fibers are made from shape memory polymers (SMP), which is defined as polymer blends having the ability to sense and respond to external stimuli, like temperature, pH, chemicals, and light. SMP cam be used to create fiber, yarn which in turn make textile. Shape memory fabrics can be used as partition, curtains, innovative furniture and much more. Retail store in China, designed by Kengo Kuma
- 17. The carpet is made from 100% pure wool felt that is pressed and cut lengthwise strings, embedded with LEDs and micro wires. The product is non-flammable, acoustical and water-repellent. The system of illumination can be both smart app controlled or sensor controlled. The wallpapers works same way, but can differ from one company to another Handcrafted LED wallpaper with ecofriendly digital printed fabric LED rug
- 18. This product’s fabric was introduced by a Swedish institution, which is woven in combination of textile, light emitting materials and solar- collectors. The curtain provides shade during the day and keeps interior cool. At night they emit light by using the stored sunlight’s energy illuminating the inside with aesthetic feel. This will also eliminate the need for extra night lights.