3. CONteNt:-
HistOrY, FACts ANd iNFOrMAtiON AbOUt
ANCieNt rOMAN ArCHiteCtUre
ArCHiteCtUre - tHe sOCietY, CULtUre
ANd LiFe OF tHe rOMANs
ArCHiteCtUre - triUMPHAL ArCHes -
ViLLAs - teMPLes - rOAds - FOrts ANd
stOCkAdes - tOWNs - AqUedUCts
5. HistOrY, FACts ANd iNFOrMAtiON
AbOUt ANCieNt rOMAN ArCHiteCtUre
tHe ANCieNt rOMANs Were MAsters OF
ArCHiteCtUre - desiGNiNG ANd ereCtiNG
bUiLdiNGs.
tHeir skiLLs iN bUiLdiNG ANd eNGiNeeriNG,
iNCLUdiNG tHeir iNVeNtiON OF CONCrete,
resULted iN diFFereNt tYPes ANd stYLes OF
ArCHiteCtUre iNCLUdiNG tHe bUiLdiNG OF
FOrts, ViLLAs, teMPLes, tOWNs, bAtHs, GreAt
WALLs ANd rOAds - CHANGiNG tHe FACe OF
eUrOPe FOreVer.
6. strUCtUres bUiLt bY tHe ANCieNt
rOMANs:-
FOrUMs - sqUAres WHiCH Were sUrrOUNded bY teMPLes, sHOPs,
ANd bAsiLiCAs
bAsiLiCAs - PUbLiC bUiLdiNGs
bAtHs
MArkets sUCH As trAjAN's MArket iN rOMe - A FiVe stOrY
COMPLex HOUsiNG sHOPs, bArs ANd restAUrANts
AMPHitHeAters sUCH As tHe COLOsseUM ANd tHe CirCUs
MAxiMUs
tHeAtres
triUMPHAL ArCHes CeLebrAtiNG tHe ViCtOries OF tHe rOMANs
ViLLAs
teMPLes
rOAds
FOrts ANd stOCkAdes
tOWNs
AqUedUCts
7. rOMAN ArCHiteCtUrAL FeAtUres
ANd GeOGrAPHiCAL CONditiONs:-
• CAPitAL – rOMe WAs FOUNd NeAr riVer tiber
sUrrOUNded bY 7 HiLLs
• COAst WAs NOt iNteNded Like GreeCe.
• COLUMNAr ANd trAbeAted stYLe OF tHe
Greeks ANd etrUsCAN ArCH ANd VAULt
• exteNsiVe Use OF LiMe CONCrete – CONCrete
HeLPed NeW CONstrUCtiON sYsteM
• COVered LArGe sPANs,ribs Were MAde bY
briCks ON edGes
8. rOMAN ArCHiteCtUrAL FeAtUres
ANd GeOGrAPHiCAL CONditiONs:-
• VAULts Used bY rOMANs Were – seMi CirCULAr
VAULt / bArreL VAULt,CrOss VAULt, Or
HeMisPHeriCAL dOMe
• tHeY CONstrUCted MULti stOreYed bLdGs.
UNLike tHe GreeCe…
13. AqUedUCts:-
•tHeY PAid AtteNtiON tO WAter sUPPLY sCHeMes
•WAter WAs COLLeCted FrOM sPriNGs/riVers .
•Arried bY tUNNeLs,CHANNeLs sUPPOrted ON
WALLs/ArCHes tO A reserVOir OUtside A CitY.
•WAter WAs sUPPLied tO rOMe ViA A NetWOrk OF
NiNe AqUedUCts
14. tHe rOMAN rOAd ANd bridGe:-
•rOMAN rOAds Were GeNerALLY CONstrUCted iN FOUr
LAYers WitH tHe tOPMOst LAYer CONsistiNG OF A
PAVeMeNt OF FLAt ,HArd stONes, CONCrete Or PebbLes
tHAt Were set iN MOrtAr.
•tHe rOMANs ,iN tHeir PriMe, bUiLt tHOUsANds OF MiLes OF
rOAds WHiCH stretCHed FrOM rOMe tO britAiN ANd FrOM
CArtHAGe tO PArtHiA.
•tHese rOAds Were CONstrUCted "tO LAst A CeNtUrY" ANd
MOst LAsted FOr tWO MiLLeNNiUM ANd Are stiLL beiNG
Used tOdAY.
19. •tHe strUCtUre is AbOUt 30 Meters (98
Ft) iN HeiGHt, 38 iNCLUdiNG its LArGe
PedestAL.
•tHe sHAFt is MAde FrOM A series OF 18
COLOssAL CArrArA MArbLe drUMs, eACH
WeiGHiNG AbOUt 40 tONs, WitH A
diAMeter OF AbOUt 4 Metres (13 Ft).
•tHe 200 Meter (656 Ft) Frieze WiNds
ArOUNd tHe sHAFt 23 tiMes.
•trAjAN's COLUMN is A MONUMeNt iN rOMe
rAised bY Order OF eMPerOr trAjAN.
•it is LOCAted iN trAjAN's FOrUM, bUiLt
NeAr tHe qUiriNAL HiLL, NOrtH OF tHe
rOMAN FOrUM
20. PALAtiNe HiLL :-
tHe PALAtiNe HiLL (LAtiN
PALAtiUM) is tHe
CeNterMOst OF tHe seVeN
HiLLs OF rOMe ANd is ONe OF
tHe MOst ANCieNt PArts OF
tHe CitY OF rOMe iN itALY..
22. ArCH:-
•tHe rOMANs First AdOPted tHe ArCH FrOM tHe Greeks,
ANd iMPLeMeNted it iN tHeir OWN bUiLdiNG.
•AN ArCH is A VerY strONG sHAPe As NO siNGLe sPOt HOLds
ALL tHe WeiGHt ANd is stiLL Used iN ArCHiteCtUre tOdAY.
•tHe rOMAN Use OF tHe ArCH ANd tHeir iMPrOVeMeNts iN
tHe Use OF CONCrete ANd briCks FACiLitAted tHe bUiLdiNG
•tHe sAMe ideA PrOdUCed NUMerOUs bridGes.
•exAMPLe: bridGe OAt MAridA..
23. •tHe rOMAN Use OF tHe ArCH tOGetHer WitH tHeir
iMPrOVeMeNts iN tHe Use OF CONCrete.
•CONstrUCtiON OF VAULted CeiLiNGs ALsO eNAbLed HUGe
(COVered) PUbLiC sPACes sUCH As tHe PUbLiC bAtHs ANd
bAsiLiCAs.
• tHerOMANs ALsO bAsed MUCH OF tHeir ArCHiteCtUre ON
tHe dOMe, sUCH As HAdriAN's PANtHeON iN tHe CitY OF
rOMe…
•rOMAN ArCHiteCtUre WAs sOMetiMes deterMiNed bAsed
UPON tHe reqUireMeNts OF rOMAN reLiGiON.
•FOr exAMPLe tHe PANtHeON WAs AN AMAziNG
eNGiNeeriNG FeAt CreAted FOr reLiGiOUs PUrPOses
24. tHe PANtHeON :-
•tHe PANtHeON is A bUiLdiNG iN rOMe
WHiCH WAs OriGiNALLY bUiLt As A
teMPLe tO tHe seVeN deities OF tHe
seVeN PLANets iN tHe rOMAN stAte
reLiGiON.
•it WAs A CHristiAN CHUrCH siNCe
tHe 7tH CeNtUrY.
•it is tHe best-PreserVed OF ALL
rOMAN bUiLdiNGs ANd tHe OLdest
iMPOrtANt bUiLdiNG iN tHe WOrLd
WitH its OriGiNAL rOOF iNtACt.
•it HAs beeN iN CONtiNUOUs Use
tHrOUGHOUt its HistOrY…
29. •tHe WHite MArbLe ArCH OF sePtiMiUs seVerUs At tHe
NOrtHeAst eNd OF tHe rOMAN FOrUM is A triUMPHAL ArCH
ereCted iN 204 Ad
•tHe tHree ArCHWAYs rest ON Piers, iN FrONt OF WHiCH
Are detACHed COMPOsite COLUMNs ON PedestALs.
•tHe ArCH WAs rAised ON A trAVertiNe bAse OriGiNALLY
APPrOACHed bY stePs FrOM tHe FOrUM's ANCieNt LeVeL…
38. •tHe bAsiLiCA AeMiLiA WAs ereCted iN 179 bC bY tHe
CeNsOrs MArCUs AeMiLiUs LePidUs (AFter WHOM tHe
bAsiLiCA is NAMed)
•MArCUs FULViUs NObiLiOr, COMPLeteLY rebUiLt OVer tWO
deCAdes ANd dediCAted iN 34 bC, restOred AFter A Fire
bY AUGUstUs iN 14 bC, ANd tHeN AGAiN iN Ad 22 ON its tWO-
HUNdredtH ANNiVersArY, tHe bAsiLiCA AeMiLiA WAs
CONsidered bY PLiNY tO be ONe OF tHe MOst beAUtiFUL
bUiLdiNGs iN rOMe.
• it WAs A PLACe FOr bUsiNess
39. bAsiLiCA jULiA:-
•tHe bAsiLiCA jULiA, NAMed AFter
jULiUs CAesAr, WHO dediCAted it iN
46 bC bY AUGUstUs, bUt bUrNed
sHOrtLY AFterWArd ANd WAs NOt
redediCAted FOr ANOtHer tWeNtY
YeArs, iN 12 Ad.
•it WAs rebUiLt AGAiN bY
diOCLetiAN AFter tHe Fire OF 283
Ad.
•tHe bAsiLiCA WAs A LArGe,
OrNAte, PUbLiC bUiLdiNG Used FOr
MeetiNGs ANd OtHer OFFiCiAL
bUsiNess
• ANd PrOVided sPACe FOr
GOVerNMeNt OFFiCes ANd bANkiNG.
41. •tHe bAsiLiCA OF MAxeNtiUs
(bAsiLiCA MAxeNtii) WAs tHe
LAst OF tHe GreAt CiViLiAN
bAsiLiCAs ON tHe rOMAN
FOrUM.
•tHe rUiNs OF tHe bAsiLiCA is
LOCAted betWeeN tHe teMPLe
OF AMOr ANd rOMA .
•
49. •tHe COLOsseUM Or COLiseUM, OriGiNALLY kNOWN As tHe
FLAViAN AMPHitHeAtre, is AN AMPHitHeAtre iN rOMe,
CAPAbLe OF seAtiNG 50,000 sPeCtAtOrs, WHiCH WAs ONCe
Used FOr GLAdiAtOriAL COMbAt.
•tHe COLOsseUM HOsted LArGe-sCALe sPeCtACULAr
GAMes tHAt iNCLUded
•FiGHts betWeeN ANiMALs (VeNAtiONes),
•tHe kiLLiNG OF PrisONers bY ANiMALs (see: zOOPHiLiA:
rOMAN GAMes ANd CirCUs) ANd
•OtHer exeCUtiONs (NOxii), NAVAL bAttLes
(NAUMACHiAe, ViA FLOOdiNG tHe AreNA) UP UNtiL Ad 81,
ANd COMbAts betWeeN GLAdiAtOrs (MUNerA).
53. •tHe rOMAN FOrUM WAs tHe CeNtrAL
AreA ArOUNd WHiCH ANCieNt rOMe
deVeLOPed.
•Here tHe COMMUNAL HeArtH WAs
LOCAted.
•OriGiNALLY it HAd beeN MArsHY
GrOUNd, WHiCH WAs drAiNed bY tHe
tArqUiNs WitH tHe CLOACA MAxiMA.
55. CirCUs MAxiMUs:-
tHe CirCUs MAxiMUs
(LAtiN FOr LArGest
CirCLe) is AN ANCieNt
AreNA ANd MAss
eNtertAiNMeNt VeNUe
LOCAted iN rOMe.
57. HiPPOdrOMe:-
•tHe HiPPOdrOMe WAs AN
ANCieNt rOMAN desiGN tO
HOLd HOrse ANd CHAriOt
rACiNG.
•it COrresPONded tO tHe
rOMAN CirCUs Were ONLY
FOUr CHAriOts rAN At A
tiMe.
58. HistOriCAL bACkGrOUNd:-
•etrUsCANs – FALL OF LAst kiNG
tArqUiNUs sUPerbUs – rOMAN rePUbLiC
WAs FOrMed
•rOMAN kiNGs Were eLeCted – MOst
FAMOUs jULiUs CeAser – He brOUGHt
MOst PrOsPeritY tO rOMe
•NerO,VesPAsiAN,titUs,dOMitiAN,trAjAN
,HAdriAN,CArCALLA – GreAt PrOMOters
OF ArCHiteCtUre….