2. Kwary’s Matrix #1
Active
Form
Simple Progressive Perfect
Perfect
Progressive
Present
V1
V1+s
am
is + Ving
are
have + V3
has
have+been+Ving
has
Past V2
was + Ving
were
had + V3 had+been+Ving
Future will + V1 will+be+Ving will+have+V3 will+have+been+Ving
3. Fundamental Tenses
1. Present Simple
2. Past Simple
3. Future Simple
4. Present Progressive
5. Past Progressive
6. Present Perfect
7. Past Perfect
4. Simple Past Present Perfect
To talk about activities
started and ended at
a specified time in the
past
To talk about:
situations continuing up to
now;
actions repeated up to now;
activities occurred at an
unspecified time in the past
5. Simple Past vs. Present Perfect
1. I (play) a lot of tennis this year.
2. She (have) six different jobs since she left school.
3. He (be) unemployed ever since he left school.
4. How many cups of coffee (you drink) today?
5. In those days, James (come) to stay with us most
weekends.
have played
has had
has been
have you drunk
came
6. 6. Shakespeare (write) poems as well as plays.
7. Since my brother lost his job, he (write) three books.
8. I (not work) hard when I was at university.
9. I (have) trouble sleeping all this week.
10. I (have) trouble sleeping all last week.
wrote
has written
did not work
have had
had
7. Exercises:
1. I can’t afford that car. It .... too much.
a. cost c. is costing
b. costs d. is cost
2. Janet can’t come to the phone because she .... her hair.
a. wash c. washes
b. is washing d. is wash
3. Something .... very good.
a. smell c. smells
b. is smelling d. is smell
4. When Jim ... home, his wife ... dinner.
a. came - cooked c. came - was cooking
b. was coming - cooked d. was coming - was cooking
8. 5. At one time, Mr. John Smith ... this building.
a. own c. is owning
b. owned d. was owning
6. George .... this movie three times.
a. saw c. has seen
b. have seen d. see
7. We ... our reports yet.
a. have written c. wrote
b. haven’t written d. will not write
8. After Henry ..... Sidney, he ... to Perth.
a. visited - went c. had visited - went
b. visited - had gone d. had visited - had gone
9. 9. The view of these disciplines ... from time to time.
a. vary c. have varied
b. varies d. is going to vary
10. The fear of bomb and terrorism .... many people to flee the cities.
a. cause c. has caused
b. have caused d. are going to cause
11. Do you mind if I turn the TV off? I ... a long distance call.
a. will place c. place
b. was placing d. am going to place
12. He .... on the grass under that tree over there.
a. lay c. lays
b. is lying d. is laying